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1、动词的时态和语态真题速递一语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. 2.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire fro
2、m her 36-year-old business. 3.（2019全国III卷）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 4.（2019浙江卷）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). 5.（2019浙江卷）One study in America found that students
3、9; grades _ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. 6.（2018全国I卷）While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.is 7.（2018全国II卷）Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice. 8.（
4、2018全国II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 9.（2018全国III卷）I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking
5、 directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge)10.（2018全国III卷）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature，the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.11.（2018浙江卷） I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in al
6、l that time.12.（2017全国I卷）When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 13.（2017全国II卷）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 14.（2017全国II卷）Later, engineers (manage) to co
7、nstruct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. 15. （2017全国III卷）Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 16.（2017全国III卷）But at the moment，school (come) first.二单句改错1.（2019全国III卷）Though it may appear sim
8、ple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 2.（2018全国I卷）During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. 3.（2018全国II卷）Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes. 4.（2018全国III卷）It was Monday morning，and the writing
9、 class had just begin. 5.（2017全国I卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car，my mind goes blank. 6.（2017全国II卷）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 7.（2017全国III卷）I had grown not only physically,
10、 but also mentally in the past few years. 8.（2017全国III卷）About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 考纲解读课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的
11、考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。知识梳理动词时态的考查要点1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，agre
12、e，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will be pleased.(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come，g
13、o，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 1100 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2017全国III卷) Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school (come)fi
14、rst。”2.(2015全国卷) This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus ways a timely offset(抵消) for the out side temperatures.2.一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。We met her in the s
15、treet yesterday.When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night. (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。The moment she came in，she told me what had
16、 happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of that？I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.【考题印证】1.(20176月浙江高考) Pahlsson and her husband (search)the kitchen, checking every cornerbut turned up nothing。
17、2.(2016·四川高考) However， it stayed with her and learned out the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother (drive) the young panda away.3.(2014全国I卷)In1969， the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio. It (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cle
18、aned up.单句改错1.(2016全国III卷)However, my parents didn't seem to think so. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 2.(2015全国卷) Tony was scared and begun to cry. 3.(2015全国卷) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 3.一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词，常与表示将来的时间状语连用
19、，如：tomorrow，next week等。(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come，go，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。(4)be going to，will/shall，be to do，be about to do的用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will
20、则能，表意愿。If it is fine，well go fishing.If it is fine，we are going to go fishing.×be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 300 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.【考题印证】1. （2016北京高考改编）The students have been workin
21、g hard on their lessons and their efforts （reward） with success in the end.2. （2016北京高考改编）More efforts，as reported， （make）in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.4.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与always，often等频度副词连
22、用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。表存在状态的动词：appear
23、，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。【考题印证】（2014北京高考改编）Hi，lets go skating。sorry，Im busy right now.I (fill)in an application form for a new job.5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end，by the time
24、，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 cars.The train had left before we reached the station. 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had/hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done。“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“
25、时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated th
26、an the bus started.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the room，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.【考题印证】(2018全国III卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 6.过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said tha
27、t he would study hard at that time.7.过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.【考题印证】1.（2017天津高考改编）I （drive）down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.2.（2018北京高考改编）Susan had quit her well-paid job and （work）as a volunteer in a
28、 neighbourhood when I visited her last year.8.现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for，since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since从句This(That/It) is the first(second.) time that现在完成时This(That/It) is the b
29、est/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.【考题印证】单句语法填空/单句改错1.(2018·全国卷) Diets have changed in China -and so
30、too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country (grow)more corn than rice.2.(2018北京高考改编) China's high- speed railways (grow)from 9, 000 to 25, 000 kilometers in the past few years.3.(2017全国卷) I had grown not only physically， but also mentally in the past few years. 3.(2018江苏高考改编) Hopefully in 2025
31、 we will no longer be e mailing each other, for we (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.9.注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去
32、完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。动词的语态考查要点考点一被动语态的构成(以do为例)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般is/am/are donewas/were/donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行is/am/are being donewas/were being done完成have/has been donehad been donewill/shall&#
33、160;have been donewould/should have been done考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 The window is dirty. 窗户脏了。 I know. It hasnt been cleaned for weeks. 我知道。好几周没擦了。2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理以外,所有的雇员
34、都被鼓励在家网上办公。特别提示 “get+过去分词”也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。She got married last week.她上周结婚了。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。He fell off the car and got killed.他从汽车上掉下来,摔死了。3.被动语态的特殊用法 (1)英语中有很多动词,如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通
35、常是物;在这种情况下,常常和easily, well等副词连用。 The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。 The machine runs well.这种机器运转良好。 (2)表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,无被动形式。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来合理。(3)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house
36、 needs repairing/to be repaired. 这所房子需要修理。(4)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the m
37、istake? 谁应为这个错误接受谴责?【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2018·北京高考改编) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.2.(2018·天津高考改编) My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.3.(2018江苏高考改编) I was sent to the village last month to se
38、e how the development plan （carry) out in the past two years。考点精讲“3招”巧解语法填空 1.掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)看到 always， often， seldom， sometimes， usually等要想到用一般现在时；(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等要想到用一般过去时；(3)看到 tomorrow， next year等要想到用一般将来时；(4)看到now， at present等要想到用现在进行时;(5)看到 at that time
39、，then， at six oclock yesterday等要想到用过去进行时；(6)看到this time tomorrow, from 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock，tomorrow等要想到用将来进行时；(7)看到since, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时；(8)看到by/ until/ before/ by the end of+“表示过去的某时间”，要想到用过去完成时。【思路点拨】1. Last year, I (be) lucky enough to take part
40、 in an event called "Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners".2. Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows (play) a leading part so far.3. Tom was shocked to realize that the two-month summer vacation (pass)before he knew it.4. The festival traditionally
41、(begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival which is on the 1 5th day.5. The styles, rules, and regulations for Chinese poetry gradually (change) over the centuries until the time of the Tang Dynasty.2.熟记句式，利用语境暗示(1)be doing when，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一
42、般过去时;(2)It is/ has been+时间段+ since.表示“自从以来已经”主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用般过去时;(3)祈使句+and/or+陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时；(4)有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的行之有效的方法。6. One day I (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman-Linda's marrie
43、d name.7. Take the chance, or you (regret) it.3.分清主动被动，辦析语态看到动词为及物动词，后面缺少宾语要想到用被动语态。【思路点拨】8. The song which (sing)on the stage now was just written by Albert, for whom being a famous musician is his forever dream.9.It (report) that many people die of traffic accidents each year.10. According to the
44、result of the inspection, they found that the insect contains a powerful drug, so local farmers (employ) to catch the insects.11. At the end of December, the library's old and classic books (put) online too, bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.12. Facial recognition technology (extend ) into
45、 many areas of school life so far.短文改错题“2关注”1.关注时态一“5个根据”定时态(1)根据语篇和上下文整体把握时态；(2)根据时间状语判断时态；(3)根据并列连词连接成分的对称原则辨清时态；(4)根据主句谓语识别从句时态:在复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句可根据需要用各种时态;主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态；(5)根据固定句式结构判断时态【思路点拨】1.But a few minutes later, I refresh myself. 2. As long as we made our efforts, we can achieve success! 3. Many of the students feel strongly against the rule, arguing that the mobile had become a necessary part of our life. 4. I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew