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1、第一章翻译概述第1页,本讲稿共33页Score ArrangementsTotal(100)Daily Performance(30)Final Exam(70)Classperformance(10)(Activity&News Report)FinalExamination(50%inyourtextbook)Homework(10)(spot check)InterpretingTest(10)(20 sentences)Absence:2pointslosteachtime第2页,本讲稿共33页News Report Guidance Everyoneofyouarerequiredt
2、ogiveoneverywell-prepared NewsReport(50100words)withassistanceofPPT.2msperperson4personspertimeinturn第3页,本讲稿共33页Steps:1.Readthenewstwiceloudlyandclearly;2.Showtheaudiencethescript(原文)withexplanationofdifficultexpressions;3.Lettheaudiencetranslatethenews;4.Offeryouroriginaltranslation.第4页,本讲稿共33页WhyT
3、hisActivity?1.Besensitivetowhatishappeningsurroundingus;2.Improvetheabilityofsummingup;3.Practiceyourtranslatinginreality.第5页,本讲稿共33页Remembering1.Attitude decides everything.2.A good beginning is half done.3.No one can do anything;but every one can do something.Whetheryoulikeitornot,whenyouhavetoacc
4、eptit,acceptitwithapositiveattitudeandinanactivemood.第6页,本讲稿共33页ChapterOneBasics of Translation第7页,本讲稿共33页Checking Yourself!1.Ifyouthinkheisagoodman,thinkagain.如果你认为他是好人,那你就大错特错了。2.Ifmymotherhadknownofitshedhavediedasecondtime.要是我妈妈知道了,她会从棺材里爬起来。3.Thattookhisbreathaway.他大惊失色。4.Theelevatorgirlreadsbe
5、tweenpassengers.开电梯的姑娘在没有乘客时看书。5.Imustnotstayhereanddonothing.我不能什么都不做待在这儿。第8页,本讲稿共33页6.Iwontdoittosavemylife.我死也不会做。7.Nonsense,Idontthinkhispaintingisanybetterthanyours.胡说,我认为他的画比你好不到哪去。8.Workonceandworktwice.一次得手,再次不愁。9.Mygrandfatherisnearly90andinhissecondchildhood.我祖父快90岁了,什么事都需要别人来做。10.Shegavem
6、eablacklook.她狠狠地瞪了我一眼。第9页,本讲稿共33页Checking Yourself!It was a cold winter day.这是一个寒冷的冬天。这是一个寒冷的冬天。这是寒冬的一天。这是寒冬的一天。这是冬天的寒冷的一天。这是冬天的寒冷的一天。冬天,一个寒冷的日子。冬天,一个寒冷的日子。这是一个寒冷的冬日。这是一个寒冷的冬日。第10页,本讲稿共33页Checking Yourself!“一阵一阵秋雨一阵寒秋雨一阵寒”1)With one after another fall of autumn rain,its getting colder.2)With each fa
7、ll of autumn rain,its getting colder.E.g.E.g.1.1.你已经干了你已经干了一阵子一阵子,该好好休息了。,该好好休息了。2.2.一阵一阵风刮掉了我的帽子。风刮掉了我的帽子。3.3.当这位民族英雄出现在大厅时,响起了当这位民族英雄出现在大厅时,响起了一阵一阵暴风雨般暴风雨般的欢呼声,持续了几分钟。的欢呼声,持续了几分钟。4.4.他的幽默引起我们他的幽默引起我们一阵一阵大笑。大笑。第11页,本讲稿共33页1.1.你已经干了你已经干了一阵子一阵子,该好好休息了。,该好好休息了。“一阵一阵”充当副词,放在动词后面,修饰动词,表示该动充当副词,放在动词后面,修饰
8、动词,表示该动作持续一段时间。也可以说作持续一段时间。也可以说“一阵子一阵子”。英语用。英语用for some time表示。表示。Asyouhaveworkedforsometime,youdeserveagoodrest.2.2.一阵一阵风刮掉了我的帽子。风刮掉了我的帽子。“一阵一阵”可以充当气象名词的数量词。可以充当气象名词的数量词。Agustofwindblewmyhatoff.第12页,本讲稿共33页3.3.当这位民族英雄出现在大厅时,响起了当这位民族英雄出现在大厅时,响起了一一阵阵暴风雨般的欢呼声,持续了几分钟。暴风雨般的欢呼声,持续了几分钟。“一阵一阵”可以充当某种动作的数量词。
9、可以充当某种动作的数量词。When the national hero appeared in the hall,there was a storm of cheering that lasted for minutes.4.4.他的幽默引起我们他的幽默引起我们一阵一阵大笑。大笑。“一阵一阵”还可以充当某种情感的数量词。还可以充当某种情感的数量词。His humor made us break out in a fit of laughter.第13页,本讲稿共33页大学英语课程教学要求大学英语课程教学要求能借助词典翻译英语国家报刊上有一定难度的科普、文化、评论等文章,能翻译反映中国国情或文化
10、的介绍性文章。英汉译速为每小时400英语单词,汉英译速为每小时350个汉字,译文内容准确,基本无误译现象,文字通顺、达意,语言错误较少。第14页,本讲稿共33页 To learn some fundamental translation theories;To get familiar with some techniques often used in translation;To develop the ability to translate.What can this course help you?第15页,本讲稿共33页2.Basics of translationWhatistr
11、anslation?1.翻译,即把一种语言文字的意义意义用另一种语言文字表达出来(也指方言与民族共同语、方言与方言,古代语与现代语之间一种用另一种表达)现代汉语词典现代汉语词典 2.把已说出的话或写出的话的意思意思用另一种语言表达出来。中国大百科全书中国大百科全书 语言文字卷语言文字卷3.翻译就是转换承载信息信息的语言,把一种语言承载的信息用另一种语言表达出来。(王德春王德春)4.翻译是译者将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表述出来的文化文化活动。(王克非王克非)5.翻译是以符号转换为手段、意义再生产为任务的一项跨文化文化的交际活动。(许均)(许均)第16页,本讲稿共33页What i
12、s translation?Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message,first in terms of meaning,and second in terms of style.-Eugene Nida所谓翻译,是指从语义到风格在 译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。-尤金奈达Perspectives on translation第17页,本讲稿共33页2.Basics of t
13、ranslationThe features of translating:1.translating is a bicultural activity 2.translating follows some principles 3.translating is an creative process 4.translating has specific purposes第18页,本讲稿共33页History of Translation in ChinaThe Eastern Han Dynasty-The Song DynastyBuddhism Xuan Zang 玄奘玄奘Kumaraj
14、iva 鸠摩罗什鸠摩罗什Paramartha真谛真谛第19页,本讲稿共33页The Ming Dynasty and The Tsing DynastyXu Guangqi 徐光启徐光启M.Ricci 利玛窦利玛窦TechniqueYan FuLin ShuHistory of Translation in ChinaEuclids Elements几何原本几何原本第20页,本讲稿共33页Yan Fu1.Evolution and Ethics(By T.H.Huxley)2.An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nati
15、ons(By A.Smith)3.On Liberty(By J.S.Mill)天演论天演论原富原富群己权界论群己权界论History of Translation in China4.A History of Politics(By E.Jenks)社会通诠社会通诠法意法意5.The Spirit of The Laws(By Montesquieu)第21页,本讲稿共33页照照片片History of Translation in China“譯事三難:信達雅譯事三難:信達雅.”“There are three difficulties in translation:_,_,_”faith
16、fulnessexpressivenesselegance第22页,本讲稿共33页History of Translation in China照照片片Lin Shu 林纾林纾 1.La Dame aux Camlias2.David Copperfield巴黎茶花女遗事巴黎茶花女遗事块肉余生述块肉余生述 3.Uncle Toms Cabin黑奴吁天录黑奴吁天录 4.Hamlet王子复仇记王子复仇记 第23页,本讲稿共33页 鲁迅鲁迅 Literature modern writer and translator毁灭毁灭死魂灵死魂灵History of Translation in China
17、After May Fourth Movement第24页,本讲稿共33页History of Translation in China Rather be faithful than smooth.-Lu Xun宁宁信信而而不不顺顺第25页,本讲稿共33页History of Translation in China呐喊呐喊狂人日记狂人日记 孔乙已孔乙已 药药 一件小事一件小事 故乡故乡 阿阿Q Q正传正传 彷徨彷徨 祝福祝福 野草野草 Call to Arms A Madmans Diary Kong Yiji Medicine An Incident Hometown The True
18、Story of Ah Q Wandering Well Wishes Wild Grass 第26页,本讲稿共33页History of Translation in ChinaAfter 1949傅雷傅雷钱钟书钱钟书杨宪益与戴乃迭杨宪益与戴乃迭许渊冲许渊冲第27页,本讲稿共33页 Criteria for translation 1)Faithfulness2)Expressiveness3)EleganceCriteriafortranslation 第28页,本讲稿共33页1.1.玄奘:玄奘:既须求真,又须喻俗既须求真,又须喻俗2.2.严复:严复:译事三难:信,达,雅。求其信,译事三难
19、:信,达,雅。求其信,已大难矣!顾信矣,不达,虽译犹已大难矣!顾信矣,不达,虽译犹 不译也,则达尚焉。不译也,则达尚焉。(1898)(1898)3.3.鲁迅:鲁迅:凡是翻译,必须兼顾两面,一当然是凡是翻译,必须兼顾两面,一当然是 求其易解,一则保存着原作的风姿。求其易解,一则保存着原作的风姿。4.4.傅雷:傅雷:重神似,不重形似重神似,不重形似5.5.钱钟书:钱钟书:化境化境6.6.许渊冲:许渊冲:扬长避短,发挥译文语言优势。扬长避短,发挥译文语言优势。第29页,本讲稿共33页1.Translations are like women,-when they are faithful they
20、are not beautiful,when they are beautiful they are not faithful.2.Translators are traitorsCriteriafortranslation 第30页,本讲稿共33页To be a good translator:1.Ideal bilingual competence;2.Expertise;3.Political Stand4.Translation TechniquesTobeagoodtranslator第31页,本讲稿共33页Homework1.During one four-year period
21、about 600 years ago the Black Death killed at least 25 million people in Europe.2.In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors.3.The mountain to the north has a steel-blue light on it,and to the west the sky still holds something of the darkness of the night.Practice 1第32页,本讲稿共33页人最宝贵的是生命。生命每个人只有一次。人最宝贵的是生命。生命每个人只有一次。人的一生应当这样度过:回忆往事,他不会人的一生应当这样度过:回忆往事,他不会因为虚度年华而悔恨,也不会因为生活庸俗因为虚度年华而悔恨,也不会因为生活庸俗而羞愧;临死的时候,他能够说:我的整个而羞愧;临死的时候,他能够说:我的整个生命和全部精力,都献给了世界上最壮丽的生命和全部精力,都献给了世界上最壮丽的事业事业-为解放全人类而斗争。为解放全人类而斗争。Practice 2第33页,本讲稿共33页