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1、-第 1 页人机工程学在厨人机工程学在厨房设计的应用房设计的应用-第 2 页人机工程学在厨房设计的应用人机工程学在厨房设计的应用ApplicationApplication ofof HumanHuman FactorFactors s EngineeringEngineering inin kitchenkitchendesigndesign统计数据表明，厨房装修的花费占总装修费用的 10以上，而整体橱柜既需要实现厨房的功能，又需要与电器、照明、水槽等配合，以实现储备、洗涤、烹饪三方面的操作要求，还需要使操作者省力且环境舒适。风格多样的现代家居设计,不是缺乏艺术,而是缺乏科学。科学下厨即人体
2、工程学在厨房的应用，能给家庭烹调带来诸多好处。Statistics show that spent in total kitchen renovation renovationcosts 10 Over,and the whole Cabinet needs to realize the function of thekitchen,and with electrical,lighting,sink,combined with,to achieve,washing and cooking aspects of operational requirements,you also needto m
3、ake the operator labor-saving and comfortable environment.Diversestyles of modern home design,not a lack of art,but the lack of science.Scientific cooking application of ergonomics in the kitchen,can bringmany benefits to home cooking.本文就主要通过了解人在厨房中的操作过程以及人体尺寸，将整体厨房进行人性化设计，设备的安排要以尽量缩短人在厨房操作时的行走路线为目的
4、；而且还要根据人体的高度进行橱柜的尺寸设计；除此之外还要合理有效地利用空间，安排必要的贮物空间。This article on the main process in action in the kitchen byunderstanding as well as the human dimension,Humanization design ofkitchen,equipment arrangements to minimize the kitchen operations forrouting purposes;but also cabinet design according to th
5、e height of thehuman body;in addition to rational and efficient use of the space,arrangements for the necessary storage space.人机工程学在整体厨房中的应用人机工程学在整体厨房中的应用在整体厨房“人 机环境”的特定系统中，“人”即操作者，是主要因素；橱柜、设备及器具等是“机”；厨房的室内空间尺度、形状、色彩及声、光、热、空气条件是“环境”；要设计出使操作者使用最好、最舒适的“环境”和最省力的“机”，则首先要分析、了解“人”。ApplicationApplication o
6、fof ergonomicsergonomics inin thethe kitchenkitchenIn the kitchen Person Machine Environment in a particular system,People The operator,is the main factor;cabinets,equipment andapparatus are Machine ;Kitchen Interior spatial scale,shape,colorand sound,light,Heat and air condition are Environmental;t
7、o designmission to operation using the best,most comfortable environment andthe line of least resistance Machine,first of all,to analyze,tounderstand person.厨房的设计原则厨房的设计原则其设计的总则应以人体工学原理出发，考虑减轻操作者劳动强度，方便使-第 3 页用。设备要合理布置，考虑这些设备的安装、维修及使用安全。装饰材料的使用应该以色彩素雅、光洁、易于清洗为主。地面的选择宜用地砖、花岗岩等防滑、防水、易于清洗的材料。墙面宜选择防火、抗热
8、、易清洁的材料。装饰在选择上以不影响厨房的采光、照明、通风的效果为主。KitchenKitchen designdesign principlesprinciplesIts design should be based on general principles of ergonomicprinciples set out,taking into account the operator labor intensityreduction,Easy to use.Equipment to reasonable layout,consider theequipment installation,m
9、aintenance and safe use.Decorative materials should be based on the use of color and plain,smooth,easy to clean.Selected on the ground should be treated with floor tiles,granite,non-slip,waterproof,easytocleanmaterial.Wallthedesirability selecting fire-proof,heat-resistant material and easy toclean.
10、Decoration in the kitchen of the choice does not affect the effectof lighting,lighting,ventilation.厨房的空间组织厨房的空间组织厨房面积虽小，但是煤气管道、水管和电线在这里汇集。要求橱柜设计师要深入现场，了解整个厨房的朝向、结构、水、电、气、烟道的位置，根据厨房建筑的结构，考虑灶具、水槽、操作台及冰箱等的排布，测量并记录清楚，以作为绘制平面图和立面图的依据。一般来说，橱柜的测量已经成为整个房屋装修的第一道程序，因为很多装饰公司都要求在水电开工之前拿到橱柜的设计图纸，以方便施工，有些客户甚至要求橱柜
11、设计师出具水电施工图。因此在橱柜的设计中，首先要根据整个厨房的建筑结构确定灶具、水槽等的摆放，然后设计出合理的动作路线。一般来说，水槽设计在窗台下，光线充足；灶具根据房屋的烟道位置设置，如果房屋没有烟道，就要考虑抽油烟机排烟及操作的方便而合理设置；再之后确定冰箱、微波炉、电饭锅等家电的位置。根据平面布置情况，出具立面图及各部位的水电图。待厨房水电及瓦工贴好墙地砖后，橱柜设计师再次上门复尺，以确定最终方案及细部尺寸，以此向工厂下单生产。SpatialSpatial organizationorganization ofof thethe kitchenkitchenThe kitchen are
12、a is small,but all the gas pipes,the water pipesand the electrical wiring are collected here.It requires the Cabinetdesigners come into the scene,understand the overall direction andstructure of the kitchen,include water,electricity,gas and flue,allthis things position,according to the kitchen build
13、ing structure,taking into account the arrangement at the stove,sink,desk andrefrigerators configuration,measure and record clear,to serve as abasis for drawing floor plans and elevations.Generally speaking,measurements of the Cabinet has become the first renovation program ofthe whole House,because
14、a lot of decoration companies require to got thedesign drawing of Cabinet before the work starts,to facilitate theconstruction,some customers even request Cabinet designers offer thewater and electricity construction plans.In the design of Cabinet,firstof all,the determine according to the structure
15、 of the entire kitchenplaced at the stove,sink,and then design a reasonable route.In General,-第 4 页the tank design under the sill so it have enoughbright,stove accordingto the Houses flue position to set,if the House do not have flue,considering the range hood exhaust and operating convenience it ne
16、ed areasonable set,and then decide the location of home appliances such asrefrigerator,microwave oven,electric cooker.According to the floor,offer elevation and the utilities figure.For the kitchen hydropower andbricklayers stick good after tiles,ambry stylist again the door complexrule to determine
17、 the final project and the size of the details to thefactory production order.合理的厨房布置，可为主妇操作方便、提高效率、节约时间创造条件。厨房中，通常包括三个主要设备：炉灶、电冰箱和洗涤槽。应根据工作者的习惯工作程序，即：取材洗净调理烹煮盛装上桌等顺序进行规划。最适宜配置成一个“黄金工作三角形”，三侧长加起来以不超过 67 米，并以 4.56.7m为宜，这样活动路线单纯，操作顺手，还节省空间。Reasonable arrangement of the kitchen,housewives is easy to op
18、erate,improve efficiency and save time creating conditions.In the kitchen,usually consists of three main equipment:stove,refrigerator and sink.Procedures to be based on the work habits of workers,namely:materials-washed-conditioning-cooking-costumes-planning order table,and soon.The most suitable co
19、nfiguration into a golden triangle,three-sided long added up to no more than 6.7 meters and 4.5-6.7m,activity routes simple,operate smoothly,saving space.根据厨房空间特点可做以下几种规划：According to the kitchen space features several planning you can dothe following:“一”字型厨房：“一”型又称为“单列型”，只在厨房一侧布置橱柜设施。这种布局的优点是管线短、经济
20、，便于施工和水平管道的隐蔽；同时水管集中布置，节省设备空间，便于封闭；橱柜布置简单，施工误差便于调节。缺点是由于操作者在操作过程中必须沿操作台的方向走动，当操作台较长时，使人感觉不舒适，且降低工作效率。另外，单列式操作台的通道只能单侧使用，难以重复利用空间，降低了空间利用的有效性。“单列型”布置适用于只能单面布置橱柜设备的狭长型厨房。Single-LineArrangement:Single-LineAlsoknownasseparatearrangement set cabinets on the side of kitchen facilities.The advantageof this
21、 layout is short pipeline,economic,easy construction and subtlehorizontal pipe;pipe simultaneously centralized and save space on thedevice,closed cabinet simply furnished,construction errors are easierto adjust.Disadvantage is that due to the operator in the operation,ifpeople must walk along the co
22、nsole when the console is long,so that thepeople do not feel comfortable,and reduced the work efficiency.Inaddition,the channel can only be single-sided single-console,it isdifficult to reuse space,reduced the effectiveness of space utilization.Separate arrangement applies to only one side narrow ki
23、tchen cabinetsequipment layout.-第 5 页“二”字形厨房：将工作台在厨房两侧并列摆放，人在中间工作，虽不能“左右开弓”，却可以“左右逢源”。宽距以 70100 厘米最恰当，适用于较宽敞的厨房空间。Galley Arrangement:table in the kitchen placed side-by-side onboth sides,people work in the Middle,does not do several jobs inthe same time,But you can be able to achieve success one way
24、 or another。Wide distance to70-100cm is the most appropriate,suitablefor larger kitchen space.“L”型厨房：沿厨房相临的两边布置橱柜设备，这种布置方式优点是较为符合厨房炊事行为的操作流程，从水池到灶台之间的操作连续，在转角处工作时移动较少，既方便适用又能在一定程度上节省空间；且管线、烟道等可以集中布置，便于隐蔽；另外，这种布局的橱柜整体性强，外表整齐、美观。缺点是当布置橱柜的墙体因为施工误差而相互不垂直时，定型 L 型橱柜与墙体之间的误差不易调节。这种厨房的储藏量虽大，但是转角处的空间不易利用，需要进
25、行特别处理来提高利用率。L 型布置适用于开间净尺寸在 1 5002 000 mm 之间的厨房，或是开间大于 2 000 mmL-Shaped Arrangement:Along kitchens phase on both sides ofCabinet equipment,this arrangements advantage is more conform tothe kitchen cooking behavior of the operation process,from pool tohobs continuous operation,in the corner department
26、 work will movedless,both convenient applies and save place in degree;pipeline andflue,can set layout,easy to hidden;in addition,this layout ofCabinet look appearance neatly and beautiful.The disadvantage isthat when the layout of the closet wall is not perpendicular to eachother because of construc
27、tion error,its difficult to adjust betweencabinets and walls.Although it is a large reserve of this kitchen,but the corner space is not easy to use,require special handling toimprove utilization.L-shaped arrangement is suitable for net size of a room in an old-style house in 1500 2000 mm between kit
28、chen,orrunning a greater than 2000 mm“U”型厨房：厨房三边均布置橱柜设备，这种布置方式的优点是操作面长，储藏空间充足，厨房空间利用充分，设备布置也较为灵活，基本上集中了“L”型的优点，取材便利。缺点是由于三面布置厨房，阳台的设置受到了一点限制。“U”型布置适用于面积标准较高的大厨房，平面接近方型的厨房这种布置在开放式厨房的平面布局中较为多见，可供 23 人同时操作，“三管齐下”，适用于人口较多家庭。U-Shaped Arrangement:The kitchens trilateral are all arrangedambry equipment,thi
29、s kind of arrangement have the advantage of opera-ting surface long,enough storage space,the kitchen space to usefully,the equipment layout is also more flexible,basicallyfocusedthe advantages of L”arrangement,its convenient for materials.Disadvantage is that due to the layout of the kitchen on thre
30、e sides,theterrace is the set limit.U type arrangementapplieshighstandards of large kitchen,flat close to the square of this arrange-第 6 页ment in the kitchen more often in the open kitchen layout,availablefor2-3people and operations,the three-pronged,Suit for largefamilies.“岛”型厨房：这种布置在普通住宅厨房中较为少见，操作
31、台设在厨房中部。这种布局形式占用的空间较多，多用于面积较大的别墅、独立式住宅等的厨房中。这种布局方式适合多人参与厨房操作，使厨房的工作气氛活跃。其岛型台面既可以作为操作台面，也可以当作餐台使用。Island Kitchen Arrangement:this arrangement is more rare in ordinarykitchen,central console located in the kitchen.This layout forms takeup more space,it usually for larger villas,detached houses,such as
32、 inthe kitchen.This arrangement is suitable for many people involved in thekitchen operations,make kitchen work lively.The island type mesa canas operation platform,can also be used as a dining tables.操作台的高度操作台的高度目前操作台的高度多数为 860mm860mm，而事实上，人在切菜时，上臂和小臂应呈一定夹角，这样可以最大程度地调动身体力量，双手也可相互配合地工作。调查显示，如果身高相差 1
33、cm1cm 的话，最舒适切菜台高度一般相差 0 05cm5cm 左右。根据人体尺度的国家标准可知，成年女子身高的 10 百分位数为 1501503cm3cm，90 百分位数为 164cm164cm，因此相对应的操作台高度应在 79cm79cm86cm86cm 之间，具体的高度根据主妇的高度来调节，原则即为身高每增加 1cm1cm，操作台的高度增加 0 05cm5cm，一般将操作台高度定为 800mm800mm 850mm850mm 能适合于大多数人。如果厨房空间足够的大，可补充增设其他所希望高度的操作台，以满足不同功能的需要。TheThe heightheight ofof thethe co
34、nsoleconsoleCurrently most of the height of the console are 860mm860mm And,indeed,when people are cut food,should have a certain angle between the upperarm and forearm,which can mobilize to the maximum physical strength,canalso interact with both hands.Investigation revealed that if the heightdiffer
35、ence between the 1cm1cm,most comfortable cutting height generallya difference of 0 0.5cm5cm or so.According to national standards for humanscale,adult female height of 10 percentile for 150150.3cm3cm,90 percentilefor 164cm164cm,so that corresponds to the console height should be 79cm79cm 86cm86cmbet
36、ween specific height to the height of the housewife to adjustprinciples is the height for each additional 1cm1cm,increase the height ofthe console 0 0.5cm5cm,General console height as 800mm800mm 850mm850mm Suitable formost people.If kitchen space is large enough,add to add the desiredheight of the c
37、onsole,to meet different needs.操作台的宽度和深度操作台的宽度和深度人在站立操作时所占的宽度女为 66cm，男为 70cm，但从人的心理需要来说，必须将其增大一定的尺寸。根据手臂与身体左右夹角呈 15工作较轻松的原则，操作台面宽度应以 760mm 为宜。因此一般来说，在条件允许的情况下，操作台的宽度应760mm。人使用操作台的主要操作区的深度为 450mm，而人略探身可触及的操作案台深度为600mm，因此从这方面看操作台的深度不宜小于450mm，也不宜大于 600mm。TheThe widthwidth andand depthdepth ofof thethe
38、consoleconsole-第 7 页People stand when the width of women 660mm,Male 700mm But from thepsychological needs of people,it increases a certain size must be.Aroundunder his arm and body angle is 15 principle of work more easily,consolewidth should be 760mm.Generally,in cases where conditions allow,thewid
39、th of the console should be 760mm.People using the depth of the consoles main operating area 450mm,Andthe slightly leaning to reach operating depth as 600mm,So in terms ofthe depth of the console should not be less than 450mm,Nor greater than600mm。灶台设计灶台设计一般来说，灶台是和操作台的高度是在同一高度上的。但由于女性平均使用炉台的时间较长，因此为
40、避免烹饪时胳膊架得很高，造成颈肩酸痛，灶台的高度应 比操作台的高度下降约 10Cm，让视线得以轻松俯视煮食，手肘在炒菜时也可以轻松悬放，不会长时间处于紧绷状态。因此，放置灶具的台面应扣除锅和灶具的高度，对于台式炉灶需要在普通操作台的基础上减去炉灶和锅的高度 200mm，即灶台柜在 600mm650mm 之间。StoveStove designdesignIn General,the stove was and the height of the console are on thesame height.But because women on average use including no
41、gging longer,so to avoid cooking arm is very high,resulting in neck and shoulder pain,cooking bench height should be more than the height of the console by about10Cm,for sight to easily look down on cooking,elbows in cooking is easyto hang on,not in a tight State for a long time.Therefore,place thes
42、tove tops should be reduced height of the pot and cooker,table-top stovesrequire less stoves and pots on the basis of ordinary console height 200mm,cooking benches and cabinets in 600mm650mm in between.而对于嵌人式炉灶则需要在普通操作台高度 的基础上减去锅 的高度100mm，即灶台在 700mm 750mm 之间。但这种灶台和操作台不在一个平面的情况下需要保证：灶台布置，否则没有足够的空间会影响
43、人的操作，而且也不便于物品的放置。一般在厨房洗涤池的一侧保留最小的操作台空间为 460mm，而另一侧保留最小的操作台空间为 610mm。But block people cookstoves are required in normal height console Minusthe pots on the basis of the height of 100mm,hobs 700mm 750mm in between.But this stove and cases need to ensure that the console is not a plane:UN arrangement,o
44、r there is not enough space will influence peoplesactions,and would not facilitate the placement of items.Generalreservations on the side of the sink in the kitchen a minimum of desk spaceto 460mm,while the other side retained the minimum desk space is 610mm.洗涤台的高度和深度洗涤台的高度和深度一般来说，洗涤池的高度偏低，长期使用会使用户产
45、生腰部劳损，这就需要加高洗涤池的高度，使用户在正常站立的情况下 就可轻松洗涤。根据人机工程学原理，女子的“立姿肘高”为 960mm，加穿鞋修正量 20mm，得 980mm；由于立姿下在略低于 肘高的位置操作最适宜，所以取洗涤池的高度为“立姿肘高”减去 180mm130mm，即洗涤池的高度在 800mm850mm 之间，与操作台的高度一致，-第 8 页两者可这个高度满足洗涤和切菜的需要。TheThe heightheight andand depthdepth ofof washedwashedIn General,the low height of the washing pool,long-
46、term use willallow the user to produce lower back strain,this requires the height ofthe height of sink so that users standing in normal circumstances You caneasily wash.According to ergonomic principles,the woman found cubitshigh for 960mm,plus shoes correction of 20mm,980mm;as found in slightlyless
47、 than Elbow-high the location most suitable,so take the height ofthe washing pool Found cubits high minus 180mm130mm,height of thewashing pool in 800mm850mm between consistent with the height of theconsole,both the high needs of washing and chopping needs.厨房洗涤池不应太靠近转角位置，否则没有足够的空间会影响人的操作，而且也不便于物品的放置。
48、一般在厨房洗涤池的一侧保留最小的操作台空间为460mm，而另一侧保留最小的操作台空间为 610mm。Kitchen sink should not be too close to the corner position,or thereis not enough space will influence peoples actions,and would notfacilitate the placement of items.General reservations on the side ofthe sink in the kitchen a minimum of desk space t
49、o 460mm,while the otherside retained the minimum desk space is 610mm.橱柜设计橱柜设计操作台下面(里面)的收藏，使用不浪费进深空间的、带滑轮的橱柜比较方便。抽屉式的柜橱由于比较深，有些东西会被埋没其中，为便于使用应对所有储藏物品进行分类存放。考虑到厨房的东西还会有增加的可能，储藏的空间也应留有余地。KitchenKitchen cabinetcabinet designdesignConsole the following(Inside)Collection,use of not wasting the depthof spa
50、ce,convenient cabinets with a pulley.Cupboard and drawer of moredeep,some things will be buried,stored classified for ease of use toall storage items.For kitchen stuff also will increase the possibilityof storage space should also leave room for.厨房使用方便与否，与储藏空间的充实与否密切相关，零碎东西多的厨房必要的东西能够顺利地拿进、拿出是关键，根据所