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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人机工程学在厨房设计的应用Application of Human Factors Engineering in kitchen design统计数据表明，厨房装修的花费占总装修费用的10以上，而整体橱柜既需要实现厨房的功能，又需要与电器、照明、水槽等配合，以实现储备、洗涤、烹饪三方面的操作要求，还需要使操作者省力且环境舒适。风格多样的现代家居设计,不是缺乏艺术,而是缺乏科学。科学下厨即人体工程学在厨房的应用，能给家庭烹调带来诸多好处。 Statistics show that spent in total kitchen renovation renovation
2、costs 10 Over, and the whole Cabinet needs to realize the function of the kitchen, and with electrical, lighting, sink, combined with, to achieve, washing and cooking aspects of operational requirements, you also need to make the operator labor-saving and comfortable environment. Diverse styles of m
3、odern home design , not a lack of art , but the lack of science. Scientific cooking application of ergonomics in the kitchen, can bring many benefits to home cooking. 本文就主要通过了解人在厨房中的操作过程以及人体尺寸， 将整体厨房进行人性化设计，设备的安排要以尽量缩短人在厨房操作时的行走路线为目的；而且还要根据人体的高度进行橱柜的尺寸设计；除此之外还要合理有效地利用空间，安排必要的贮物空间。This article on the
4、 main process in action in the kitchen by understanding as well as the human dimension, Humanization design of kitchen, equipment arrangements to minimize the kitchen operations for routing purposes; but also cabinet design according to the height of the human body; in addition to rational and effic
5、ient use of the space, arrangements for the necessary storage space.人机工程学在整体厨房中的应用在整体厨房“人 机环境”的特定系统中，“人”即操作者，是主要因素；橱柜、设备及器具等是 “机”；厨房的室内空间尺度、形状、色彩及声、光、 热、空气条件是 “环境”；要设计出使操作者使用最好、最舒适的 “环境”和最省力的 “机”，则首先要分析、了解 “人”。Application of ergonomics in the kitchenIn the kitchen Person Machine Environment in a par
6、ticular system, People The operator, is the main factor; cabinets, equipment and apparatus are Machine ; Kitchen Interior spatial scale, shape, color and sound, light, Heat and air condition are Environmental ; to design mission to operation using the best, most comfortable environment and the line
7、of least resistance Machine , first of all, to analyze, to understand person .厨房的设计原则其设计的总则应以人体工学原理出发，考虑减轻操作者劳动强度， 方便使用。设备要合理布置，考虑这些设备的安装、维修及使用安全。装饰材料的使用应该以色彩素雅、光洁、易于清洗为主。地面的选择宜用地砖、花岗岩等防滑、防水、易于清洗的材料。墙面宜选择防火、抗热、易清洁的材料。装饰在选择上以不影响厨房的采光、照明、通风的效果为主。Kitchen design principlesIts design should be based on g
8、eneral principles of ergonomic principles set out, taking into account the operator labor intensity reduction, Easy to use. Equipment to reasonable layout, consider the equipment installation, maintenance and safe use. Decorative materials should be based on the use of color and plain, smooth, easy
9、to clean. Selected on the ground should be treated with floor tiles, granite, non-slip, waterproof, easy to clean material. Wall the desirability selecting fire-proof, heat-resistant material and easy to clean. Decoration in the kitchen of the choice does not affect the effect of lighting, lighting,
10、 ventilation.厨房的空间组织厨房面积虽小，但是煤气管道、水管和电线在这里汇集。要求橱柜设计师要深入现场，了解整个厨房的朝向、结构、水、电、气、烟道的位置，根据厨房建筑的结构，考虑灶具、水槽、操作台及冰箱等的排布，测量并记录清楚，以作为绘制平面图和立面图的依据。一般来说，橱柜的测量已经成为整个房屋装修的第一道程序，因为很多装饰公司都要求在水电开工之前拿到橱柜的设计图纸，以方便施工，有些客户甚至要求橱柜设计师出具水电施工图。因此在橱柜的设计中，首先要根据整个厨房的建筑结构确定灶具、水槽等的摆放，然后设计出合理的动作路线。一般来说，水槽设计在窗台下，光线充足；灶具根据房屋的烟道位置设置，
11、如果房屋没有烟道，就要考虑抽油烟机排烟及操作的方便而合理设置；再之后确定冰箱、微波炉、电饭锅等家电的位置。根据平面布置情况，出具立面图及各部位的水电图。待厨房水电及瓦工贴好墙地砖后，橱柜设计师再次上门复尺， 以确定最终方案及细部尺寸，以此向工厂下单生产。Spatial organization of the kitchenThe kitchen area is small, but all the gas pipes, the water pipes and the electrical wiring are collected here. It requires the Cabinet de
12、signers come into the scene, understand the overall direction and structure of the kitchen, include water, electricity, gas and flue, all this things position, according to the kitchen building structure, taking into account the arrangement at the stove, sink, desk and refrigerators configuration, m
13、easure and record clear, to serve as a basis for drawing floor plans and elevations. Generally speaking, measurements of the Cabinet has become the first renovation program of the whole House, because a lot of decoration companies require to got the design drawing of Cabinet before the work starts,
14、to facilitate the construction, some customers even request Cabinet designers offer the water and electricity construction plans. In the design of Cabinet, first of all, the determine according to the structure of the entire kitchen placed at the stove, sink, and then design a reasonable route. In G
15、eneral, the tank design under the sill so it have enough bright, stove according to the Houses flue position to set, if the House do not have flue, considering the range hood exhaust and operating convenience it need a reasonable set, and then decide the location of home appliances such as refrigera
16、tor, microwave oven, electric cooker. According to the floor, offer elevation and the utilities figure. For the kitchen hydropower and bricklayers stick good after tiles, ambry stylist again the door complex rule to determine the final project and the size of the details to the factory production or
17、der.合理的厨房布置，可为主妇操作方便、提高效率、节约时间创造条件。厨房中，通常包括三个主要设备：炉灶、电冰箱和洗涤槽。应根据工作者的习惯工作程序，即：取材洗净调理烹煮盛装上桌等顺序进行规划。最适宜配置成一个“黄金工作三角形”，三侧长加起来以不超过67米，并以4.56.7m为宜，这样活动路线单纯，操作顺手，还节省空间。Reasonable arrangement of the kitchen, housewives is easy to operate, improve efficiency and save time creating conditions. In the kitchen,
18、 usually consists of three main equipment: stove, refrigerator and sink. Procedures to be based on the work habits of workers, namely: materials - washed-conditioning - cooking - costumes - planning order table, and so on. The most suitable configuration into a golden triangle , three-sided long add
19、ed up to no more than 6. 7 meters and 4.5-6.7m , activity routes simple, operate smoothly, saving space. 根据厨房空间特点可做以下几种规划：According to the kitchen space features several planning you can do the following:“一”字型厨房：“一”型又称为“单列型”，只在厨房一侧布置橱柜设施。这种布局的优点是管线短、经济，便于施工和水平管道的隐蔽；同时水管集中布置，节省设备空间，便于封闭；橱柜布置简单，施工误差便于
20、调节。缺点是由于操作者在操作过程中必须沿操作台的方向走动，当操作台较长时，使人感觉不舒适，且降低工作效率。另外，单列式操作台的通道只能单侧使用，难以重复利用空间，降低了空间利用的有效性。“单列型”布置适用于只能单面布置橱柜设备的狭长型厨房。Single-Line Arrangement:Single-Line Also known as separate arrangement set cabinets on the side of kitchen facilities. The advantage of this layout is short pipeline, economic, eas
21、y construction and subtle horizontal pipe; pipe simultaneously centralized and save space on the device, closed cabinet simply furnished, construction errors are easier to adjust. Disadvantage is that due to the operator in the operation, if people must walk along the console when the console is lon
22、g, so that the people do not feel comfortable, and reduced the work efficiency. In addition, the channel can only be single-sided single-console, it is difficult to reuse space, reduced the effectiveness of space utilization. Separate arrangement applies to only one side narrow kitchen cabinets equi
23、pment layout. “二”字形厨房：将工作台在厨房两侧并列摆放，人在中间工作，虽不能“左右开弓”，却可以“左右逢源”。宽距以70100厘米最恰当，适用于较宽敞的厨房空间。Galley Arrangement: table in the kitchen placed side-by-side on both sides, people work in the Middle, does not do several jobs in the same time, But you can be able to achieve success one way or another。 Wide d
24、istance to70-100cm is the most appropriate, suitable for larger kitchen space.“L”型厨房：沿厨房相临的两边布置橱柜设备，这种布置方式优点是较为符合厨房炊事行为的操作流程，从水池到灶台之间的操作连续，在转角处工作时移动较少，既方便适用又能在一定程度上节省空间；且管线、烟道等可以集中布置，便于隐蔽；另外，这种布局的橱柜整体性强，外表整齐、美观。缺点是当布置橱柜的墙体因为施工误差而相互不垂直时，定型L型橱柜与墙体之间的误差不易调节。这种厨房的储藏量虽大，但是转角处的空间不易利用，需要进行特别处理来提高利用率。L型布置适用
25、于开间净尺寸在1 5002 000 mm之间的厨房，或是开间大于2 000 mm L-Shaped Arrangement: Along kitchens phase on both sides of Cabinet equipment, this arrangements advantage is more conform to the kitchen cooking behavior of the operation process, from pool to hobs continuous operation, in the corner department work will mov
26、ed less, both convenient applies and save place in degree; pipeline and flue, can set layout, easy to hidden; in addition, this layout of Cabinet look appearance neatly and beautiful. The disadvantage is that when the layout of the closet wall is not perpendicular to each other because of constructi
27、on error,its difficult to adjust between cabinets and walls. Although it is a large reserve of this kitchen, but the corner space is not easy to use, require special handling to improve utilization. L-shaped arrangement is suitable for net size of a room in an old-style house in 1500 2000 mm between
28、 kitchen, or running a greater than 2000 mm “U”型厨房：厨房三边均布置橱柜设备，这种布置方式的优点是操作面长，储藏空间充足，厨房空间利用充分，设备布置也较为灵活，基本上集中了“L”型的优点，取材便利。缺点是由于三面布置厨房，阳台的设置受到了一点限制。“U”型布置适用于面积标准较高的大厨房，平面接近方型的厨房这种布置在开放式厨房的平面布局中较为多见，可供23人同时操作，“三管齐下”，适用于人口较多家庭。U-Shaped Arrangement: The kitchens trilateral are all arranged ambry equipm
29、ent,this kind of arrangement have the advantage of opera-ting surface long, enough storage space, the kitchen space to use fully, the equipment layout is also more flexible, basically focused the advantages of L” arrangement, its convenient for materials. Disadvantage is that due to the layout of th
30、e kitchen on three sides, the terrace is the set limit. U type arrangement applies high standards of large kitchen,flat close to the square of this arrange- ment in the kitchen more often in the open kitchen layout,available for2-3people and operations, the three-pronged , Suit for large families.“岛
31、”型厨房：这种布置在普通住宅厨房中较为少见，操作台设在厨房中部。这种布局形式占用的空间较多，多用于面积较大的别墅、独立式住宅等的厨房中。这种布局方式适合多人参与厨房操作，使厨房的工作气氛活跃。其岛型台面既可以作为操作台面，也可以当作餐台使用。Island Kitchen Arrangement:this arrangement is more rare in ordinary kitchen, central console located in the kitchen. This layout forms take up more space, it usually for larger v
32、illas, detached houses, such as in the kitchen. This arrangement is suitable for many people involved in the kitchen operations, make kitchen work lively. The island type mesa can as operation platform, can also be used as a dining tables.操作台的高度目前操作台的高度多数为 860mm，而事实上，人在切菜时，上臂和小臂应呈一定夹角，这样可以最大程度地调动身体力
33、量，双手也可相互配合地工作。调查显示，如果身高相差1cm的话，最舒适切菜台高度一般相差05cm左右。根据人体尺度的国家标准可知，成年女子身高的10百分位数为 1503cm，90百分位数为 164cm，因此相对应的操作台高度应在79cm86cm之间，具体的高度根据主妇的高度来调节，原则即为身高每增加1cm，操作台的高度增加05cm， 一般将操作台高度定为800mm 850mm能适合于大多数人。如果厨房空间足够的大，可补充增设其他所希望高度的操作台，以满足不同功能的需要。The height of the consoleCurrently most of the height of the con
34、sole are 860mm And, indeed, when people are cut food, should have a certain angle between the upper arm and forearm, which can mobilize to the maximum physical strength, can also interact with both hands. Investigation revealed that if the height difference between the 1cm , most comfortable cutting
35、 height generally a difference of 0. 5cm or so. According to national standards for human scale, adult female height of 10 percentile for 150. 3cm,90 percentile for 164cm, so that corresponds to the console height should be 79cm86cm between specific height to the height of the housewife to adjust pr
36、inciples is the height for each additional 1cm, increase the height of the console 0 .5cm, General console height as 800mm 850mm Suitable for most people. If kitchen space is large enough, add to add the desired height of the console, to meet different needs. 操作台的宽度和深度人在站立操作时所占的宽度女为66cm，男为70cm，但从人的心
37、理需要来说，必须将其增大一定的尺寸。根据手臂与身体左右夹角呈15工作较轻松的原则，操作台面宽度应以760mm为宜。因此一般来说，在条件允许的情况下，操作台的宽度应760mm。人使用操作台的主要操作区的深度为450mm，而人略探身可触及的操作案台深度为600mm，因此从这方面看操作台的深度不宜小于450mm，也不宜大于600mm。The width and depth of the consolePeople stand when the width of women 660mm , Male 700mm But from the psychological needs of people, i
38、t increases a certain size must be. Around under his arm and body angle is 15 principle of work more easily, console width should be 760mm . Generally, in cases where conditions allow, the width of the console should be 760mm. People using the depth of the consoles main operating area 450mm , And th
39、e slightly leaning to reach operating depth as 600mm , So in terms of the depth of the console should not be less than 450mm , Nor greater than 600mm 。灶台设计一般来说，灶台是和操作台的高度是在同一高度上的。但由于女性平均使用炉台的时间较长，因此为避免烹饪时胳膊架得很高，造成颈肩酸痛，灶台的高度应 比操作台的高度下降约10Cm，让视线得以轻松俯视煮食，手肘在炒菜时也可以轻松悬放，不会长时间处于紧绷状态。因此，放置灶具的台面应扣除锅和灶具的高度，对
40、于台式炉灶需要在普通操作台的基础上减去炉灶和锅的高度200mm，即灶台柜在600mm650mm之间。Stove designIn General, the stove was and the height of the console are on the same height. But because women on average use including nogging longer, so to avoid cooking arm is very high, resulting in neck and shoulder pain, cooking bench height sho
41、uld be more than the height of the console by about 10Cm, for sight to easily look down on cooking, elbows in cooking is easy to hang on, not in a tight State for a long time. Therefore, place the stove tops should be reduced height of the pot and cooker, table-top stoves require less stoves and pot
42、s on the basis of ordinary console height 200mm, cooking benches and cabinets in 600mm650mm in between. 而对于嵌人式炉灶则需要在普通操作台高度 的基础上减去锅 的高度100mm，即灶台在700mm 750mm之间。但这种灶台和操作台不在一个平面的情况下需要保证：灶台布置，否则没有足够的空间会影响人的操作，而且也不便于物品的放置。一般在厨房洗涤池的一侧保留最小的操作台空间为460mm，而另一侧保留最小的操作台空间为610mm。But block people cookstoves are re
43、quired in normal height console Minus the pots on the basis of the height of 100mm, hobs 700mm 750mm in between. But this stove and cases need to ensure that the console is not a plane: UN arrangement, or there is not enough space will influence peoples actions, and would not facilitate the placemen
44、t of items. General reservations on the side of the sink in the kitchen a minimum of desk space to 460mm, while the other side retained the minimum desk space is 610mm.洗涤台的高度和深度一般来说，洗涤池的高度偏低，长期使用会使用户产生腰部劳损，这就需要加高洗涤池的高度，使用户在正常站立的情况下 就可轻松洗涤。根据人机工程学原理，女子的 “立姿肘高”为 960mm，加穿鞋修正量20mm，得980mm；由于立姿下在略低于 肘高的位置
45、操作最适宜，所以取洗涤池的高度为 “立姿肘高”减去180mm130mm，即洗涤池的高度在800mm850mm之间，与操作台的高度一致，两者可这个高度满足洗涤和切菜的需要。The height and depth of washedIn General, the low height of the washing pool, long-term use will allow the user to produce lower back strain, this requires the height of the height of sink so that users standing in
46、normal circumstances You can easily wash. According to ergonomic principles, the woman found cubits high for 960mm, plus shoes correction of 20mm, 980mm; as found in slightly less than Elbow-high the location most suitable, so take the height of the washing pool Found cubits high minus 180mm130mm, h
47、eight of the washing pool in 800mm850mm between consistent with the height of the console, both the high needs of washing and chopping needs.厨房洗涤池不应太靠近转角位置，否则没有足够的空间会影响人的操作，而且也不便于物品的放置。一般在厨房洗涤池的一侧保留最小的操作台空间为460mm，而另一侧保留最小的操作台空间为610mm。Kitchen sink should not be too close to the corner position, or th
48、ere is not enough space will influence peoples actions, and would not facilitate the placement of items. General reservations on the side of the sink in the kitchen a minimum of desk space to 460mm, while the other side retained the minimum desk space is 610mm. 橱柜设计操作台下面(里面)的收藏，使用不浪费进深空间的、带滑轮的橱柜比较方便
49、。抽屉式的柜橱由于比较深，有些东西会被埋没其中，为便于使用应对所有储藏物品进行分类存放。考虑到厨房的东西还会有增加的可能，储藏的空间也应留有余地。Kitchen cabinet designConsole the following ( Inside ) Collection, use of not wasting the depth of space, convenient cabinets with a pulley. Cupboard and drawer of more deep, some things will be buried, stored classified for ease of use