《高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)(11页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)(11页).doc(11页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、-第-1-页高中现在完成时高中现在完成时讲解与练习讲解与练习(非常非常详细详细)-第-2-页现在完成时现在完成时讲解与讲解与练习练习一、一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成1.现在完成时结构:现在完成时结构:主语主语+助动词助动词 have(has)+动词过去分词动词过去分词否定句:否定句:have/has 后加 not,havent/hasnt一般疑问句:一般疑问句:前提 have/has被动:被动:have/hasbeen+动词的现在分词2现在完成时的概念:现在完成时的概念:1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Have you had
2、your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?-Yes,I have.I have just had it.是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)I have already posted the photos.我已经寄过这些照片。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。I havent seen her these days.近来我一直没见过他。Ive known Li Lei for three years.我认识李雷已经三年了。They have lived
3、 here since 1996.他们自从 1996 年就住在这儿。She has taught us since I came to this school.自从我来这所学校,她就教我。3.现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:1)用于用于“过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果”的时间状语有:的时间状语有:already(已经已经肯定句肯定句)yet(还还;尚未尚未否否/疑问句疑问句)-Has he phoned you yet?-No,not yet.never(从未从未)ever(曾经曾经疑问句疑问句)Have you eve
4、r talked to him about it?just(刚刚刚刚)before(以前以前)already 用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末;ever 意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间;never 意为“从来都没有”,常和 before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Eg.I have never traveled by plane before.before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。Eg.I havent heard of
5、 it before.2)用于用于“过去发生的事,一直延续到现在过去发生的事,一直延续到现在”的时间状语有:的时间状语有:for+时间段时间段(for two years)since two years ago-第-3-页since+时间点时间点since 2008Since thensince he came here.so far(目前目前;迄今为止迄今为止)up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在到现在为止;直到现在all the time 总是;一直总是;一直recently lately 最近最近these days 近几天近几天【by the end
6、 of到到末末/结束】结束】by the end of this year 到今年年末到今年年末by the end of this month 到本月末到本月末during/over the last(past)few years 在过去的几年中在过去的几年中in the last/past months 在过去的几个月中在过去的几个月中in the past/last few days/years 在过去的这几天在过去的这几天3)This/It is the first/second time+that 从句从句that 从句要用现在完成时This is the first time th
7、at I have come here.4)在条件,时间,让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作)在条件,时间,让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.3.have(has)been 和和 have(has)gone 区分区分1)have/has gone(to)表示某人已经去了某地,人不在这儿。表示某人已经去了某地,人不在这儿。-Where is Jim
8、?He has gone to London.(人不在这儿,已去了 London)2)have/has been(to)表示曾经到过某地,但现在人已回来。表示曾经到过某地,但现在人已回来。I have been to Shanghai twice.我到过上海两次。(以前去的上海,现在人已回来)-Where have you been,Jim?吉姆,你去了哪里?-I have been to the library.我去了图书馆。后面还可以跟不定式后面还可以跟不定式Ive been to see my grandmother.(现已回来)Shes been to do some shopping
9、.3)have/has been in+地点地点(adv.去去 to)在某处呆过多长时间在某处呆过多长时间(现在还在那里现在还在那里)How long have you been here/there?I have been here/there for 10 years.你在这里多长时间了?你在这里多长时间了?我在这里我在这里 10 年了。年了。(现在还在现在还在)Dashan has been in China since 20years ago.大山自从大山自从 20 年前就在中国。年前就在中国。(现在还在现在还在)How long have been at this school?I
10、have been here for over two years.你在这所学校多长时间了?你在这所学校多长时间了?我在这里两年多了。我在这里两年多了。(现在还在现在还在)4.have got 的 特 殊 用 法:的 特 殊 用 法:have got 在 形 式 上 时 现 在 完 成 时,在 意 思 上 和 have 相-第-4-页同:Have you got(=Do you have)a timetable?She hasn t got any relations.I ve got another three minutes.5.have got to 和和 have to 意思相同意思相
11、同:have got to 和 have to 意思相同:have got to=have to,表示“不得不”:Youve got to be careful.Thats what weve got to do.Youve got to keep this in mind.在口语中,have 有时可以省略。We got to make ends meet.我们得收支相抵。二、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,i
12、n 2004 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在没有任何关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容。)I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)He has lived here since 1992.1992 年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里)He lived here in 1992.1992 年他住在这里。(不涉及现在他是否还住在这里)把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并
13、作回答。1)I have already cleaned the room.否定句:_一般疑问句:_肯定回答:_否定回答:_2)Jim has never been to Harbin.一般疑问句:_肯定回答:_否定回答:_3)We have lived here since 2 years ago.否定句:_一般疑问句:_对画线部分提问:_三、用所给词的适当形式填空三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.I _(learn)2000 English words so far.-第-5-页2.The old man _(live)here for 40 years.3.I _(not see)you f
14、or ten years.4._ you _(sweep)the floor today?It is so dirty.5._ he _(spend)all his money?Yes,he has.四、四、短暂性动词短暂性动词与与持续性动词持续性动词 在现在完成时中的运用在现在完成时中的运用在现在完成时中在现在完成时中,短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。即即:不不与与for,since短语短语或或how long问句连用问句连用。非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法:a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词练习:将下列非延续性动词转化为延续性动词buy;borro
15、w;open;close;begin/start;come;go/leave;finish;died;catchacold;puton;getup;wake upfall asleep;lose;joinleave1.He left his office 3 hours ago.Hefrom his office for 3 hours.It3 hours since he left his office.2.He has been dead 4 years.Heago.It has beenhe died.b.将 时 间 状 语 改 为 过 去 时 间,并 用 一 般 过 去 时 代 替 现
16、 在 完 成时。Eg.I have been away from this school for eight years.I left this school eight years ago.c.用句型“it is+一段时间+since 从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式)”表示。如:It is two years since the old man died.注意:瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。如:Exercises Ture or FalseHe has come to Beijing since last year.
17、()He has lived in Beijing since last year.()He has joined thearmy for 3 years.()He has served in the army for 3 years.()He joined the army 3 years ago.()He has been a soldier for 3 years.()It is 3 years since he joined the army.()He has joined the army.()短暂性动词短暂性动词与时间段与时间段连用连用时,要转化成表示状态的词或短语。时,要转化成表
18、示状态的词或短语。leavebe away(from)离开离开1.She _(leave)home last week.2.She has already_(leave)home.3.She_ home for a week.A.has left B.left C.has been away D.has been away from4.How long has she _ home?-第-6-页A.leftB.leavedC.been away from die v.be dead adj.死亡死亡1.The old man is_.He_ ten years ago.2.He has_ fo
19、r ten years.(die/dead 填空)3.()How long has he_?A.diedB.been deadC.dieD.been die joinbe in/be a member of 加入加入/成为成为join the League 入团入团join the Party 入党入党join the army 参军参军A:When did Zhao Lin _ the League?B:He_ the League last year.He has _the League for one year.borrow/lendkeep 借用借用1.A:I_ a book from
20、 the library yesterday.B:How long _ you_ it?A:I can _ it for a week.2.He _ the dictionary since last week.A.borrowedB.has borrowedC.has keptD.kept buyhave 买买1.A:我买了一辆自行车。I _ _a bike.B:你买了多长时间了?How long _ you _ it?A:我上个月买的。I _ it last month.2.I _ this pair of skates for two years.A.have boughtB.have
21、hadC.boughtD.had begin/startbe on 开始开始The movie _(start)half an hour ago.It _ for thirty minutes.openbe open 开始开始/开业开业A:When did the factory _?B:It _ ten years ago.A:How long has it _?B:It has _ for ten years.closebe closed 关闭关闭/停产停产A:When did the shop_?B:It _ a month ago.A:How long has it _.B:It ha
22、s _ for a month.arrive/comebe in/at 到达到达arrive in/at.到达,抵达come to.来到.-第-7-页1)A:When did you _ in Shanghai?B:I _ here last week.A:How long have you _ _ Shanghai?B:I have _ here for a week.2)I_ to this school last year.I have_ _ this school for a year.get a cold/catch a cold-have a cold 感冒感冒(用 getcatc
23、hhave 适当形式填空)1.I _/_ a cold last week.And Im not feeling well now.So I _ a cold for a week.2.I _ a cold since last week.A.have gotB.have caughtC.have hadD.got练习:练习:1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybe they_whatshappenedtohim.knew.have known.must know.will know2、Hehas_ beentoShanghai,hashe?.already.never.ev
24、er.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi _?.just.ago.before.a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.iswriting.waswriting.wrote.haswritten 5、Our country_ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.haschanged;well.changed;good.haschanged;better.changed;better6、Zhao Lan _already_in this scho
25、ol for two years.was;studying.will;study.has;studied.are;studying7、We _ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.know.hadknown.haveknown.knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.willsee.haveseen.saw.see9、ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.Really?When _there?.willtheygo.didtheygo.dotheygo.havetheyg
26、one10、_ you _ yourhomeworkyet?Yes.I _itamomentago.Did;do;finished.Have;done;finished.Have;done;havefinished.will;do;finish11、Hisfather_ thePartysince1978.-第-8-页.joined.has joined.was in.hasbeenin12、Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.were.have been.have become.have made13、How
27、long have you_ here?About two e.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay _ fortenminutes.hasbegun.hadbegun.hasbeenon.began15、It_ tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.is.has.will.was16、MissGreenisntintheoffice.she_tothelibrary.hasgone.went.willgo.hasbeen17、Myparents _Shandongfortenyears.havebeenin.havebeento.havegoneto.haveb
28、een18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?A.so theyB.dont theyC.have theyD.havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since heto China?A.How soon,comesB.How often,gotC.How long,cameD.How far,arrived20、His unclefor more than 9 years.A.has come hereB.has started to workC.has lived
29、thereD.has left the university五、补充补充1)由 since 引导的从句中的时态:由 since 引导的从句一般用过去时(主句谓语动词用现在完成时)Weve been friends ever since we met at school.Much has changed since I was there last time.2)当表示有多少时间时,主句谓语可用一般现在时:Its two years since I left home.How long is it since you came here last time?3)在下面句型中也可用现在完成时:出现
30、最高级This is the best tea I have ever drunk.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.This is the easiest job I have ever had.一、单项选择。一、单项选择。-第-9-页1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析
31、、推理才行。故种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是。上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与现在完成时常与 already(已经已经),just(刚刚刚刚,正好正好),ever(曾经曾经),never(从来从来,也不也不;从不从不),before(以前以前),yet(仍然仍然)等连用等连用。故故2 应选应选 B。3、C4、现在完成时常与现在完成时常与 recently(近来近来),sofar(到目前为止到目前为止),inthepast/“last+一段时间一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现等时间状
32、语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故续到现在的。故 4 应选应选 D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或时间段或 since+过去时间点过去时间点”连用(含从连用(含从句,从句过去时)。故句,从句过去时)。故 6 应选应选 C。7、C8、现在完成时还与现在完成时还与 once(一次一次),twice(两次两次),threetimes(三次三次),severaltimes(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连
33、用。故 8 应选应选 B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,-第-10-页与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如它不与表示过去的时间状语(如 yest
34、erday,lastweek,amomentago 等)连用。故等)连用。故 9 的正确答案为的正确答案为 B。10、B11、现在完成时中现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与非延续性动词不能与 for 和和 since 引导的表示一段时引导的表示一段时间的状语连用间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故故 11 的正确答案依的正确答案依次为:次为:D。12、B13、A14、C15、A。16、“have/hasgoneto+地点地点”表示表示“某人去了某地某人去了某地(还未回来还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/hasbeen
35、in+地点地点”表示表示“在某在某地呆了多长时间地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/hasbeento+地点地点”表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿但现在已不在那儿)。”故故 16 的正确答的正确答案为案为 A。17、A18、D19、C20、C1、belongs2、spoke,have forgotten3、wasnt4、am just helping out5、broke,was playing6、arrives7、was reading,fell8、feels9、never thought,were going10、didnt re
36、alize,wanted11、havent cleaned12、Ive been told13、have been14、have met-第-11-页15、had gone up16、had gathered;was already ringing17、would gather;would already have rung18、had been planning19、to take20、there are going21、didnt22、As soon as I finished writing23、Makes24、am thinking of25、will have been studyi
37、ng26、will have graduated27、Hardly had I reached28、would be;hasnt arrived29、is30、they would be friends31、have been discussing,havent reached32、went33、have you put34、before Tom comes back35、is shown36、are you getting37、were you doing,had just finished38、have never read39、It was once believed40、got hurt41、have been risen42、have added up to43、proved44、will last45、took place46、dont sell47、had left48、have made49、has been married to50、was sent