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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时讲解与练习一、 现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时结构：主语+助动词have(has) +动词过去分词 否定句：have/has后加not, havent/hasnt一般疑问句：前提have/has被动：have /has been +动词的现在分词2现在完成时的概念：1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗？-Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。 (现在我不饿了。)I have already posted the photos. 我
2、已经寄过这些照片。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)2) 过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词）。I havent seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校，她就教我。3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用： 1) 用于“过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结
3、果”的时间状语有：already(已经肯定句) yet(还;尚未否/疑问句) -Hashephonedyouyet?-No,notyet. never(从未) ever(曾经疑问句)Have you ever talked to him about it ?just(刚刚) before(以前) already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末；yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放在句末；ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间；never意为“从来都没有”，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Eg.Iha
4、venevertraveledbyplanebefore.before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.Ihaventheardofitbefore. 2) 用于“过去发生的事，一直延续到现在”的时间状语有：for + 时间段(for two years)since two years agosince + 时间点 since 2008Since then since he came here.so far(目前;迄今为止) up to now=till now=by now到现在为止；直到现在 all the time 总是；一直 recently l
5、ately最近 these days 近几天 【by the end of到末/结束】by the end of this year 到今年年末 by the end of this month到本月末 during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中 in the last /past months在过去的几个月中 in the past/last few days/years 在过去的这几天 3) This/It is the first/second time + that从句 that从句要用现在完成时 This is the first t
6、ime that I have come here. 4）在条件，时间，让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 3. have(has) been 和 have(has) gone 区分 1) have/ has gone (to) 表示某人已经去了某地，人不在这儿。 -Where is Jim? He has gone to London. (人不在这儿
7、，已去了London) 2) have/ has been (to) 表示曾经到过某地，但现在人已回来。 I have been to Shanghai twice. 我到过上海两次。（以前去的上海，现在人已回来） -Where have you been, Jim? 吉姆，你去了哪里？ -I have been to the library. 我去了图书馆。后面还可以跟不定式Ivebeentoseemygrandmother.(现已回来) Shesbeentodosomeshopping.3) have/has been in + 地点 (adv. 去to) 在某处呆过多长时间 (现在还在那
8、里) How long have you been here/there? I have been here/there for 10 years. 你在这里多长时间了？ 我在这里10年了。(现在还在) Dashan has been in China since 20years ago. 大山自从20年前就在中国。(现在还在) How long have been at this school? I have been here for over two years. 你在这所学校多长时间了？ 我在这里两年多了。 (现在还在)4.havegot的特殊用法：havegot在形式上时现在完成时，
9、在意思上和have相同：Haveyougot(=Doyouhave)atimetable?Shehasntgotanyrelations.Ivegotanotherthreeminutes.5.havegotto和haveto意思相同：havegotto和haveto意思相同：havegotto=haveto,表示“不得不”：Youvegottobecareful.Thatswhatwevegottodo.Youvegottokeepthisinmind.在口语中，have有时可以省略。Wegottomakeendsmeet.我们得收支相抵。 二、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去
10、发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有任何关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。 （我了解这部电影的内容。）I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里
11、）He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（不涉及现在他是否还住在这里）把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。1) I have already cleaned the room. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 2) Jim has never been to Harbin.一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 3)We have lived here since 2 years ago.否定句: _ 一般疑问句：_ 对画线部分提问：_三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I _(learn) 2000 English words
12、 so far. 2. The old man _(live) here for 40 years. 3. I _(not see) you for ten years. 4. _ you _ (sweep) the floor today? It is so dirty. 5. _ he _(spend) all his money? Yes, he has.四、短暂性动词与持续性动词 在现在完成时中的运用在现在完成时中, 短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。即:不与for, since短语或how long问句连用。非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法：a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动
13、词练习：将下列非延续性动词转化为延续性动词buy ;borrow ;open ;close；begin/start;come;go/leave;finish ;died;catchacold;puton;getup；wakeupfallasleep ;lose ;join leave1.Helefthisoffice3hoursago.Hefromhisofficefor3hours.It3hourssincehelefthisoffice.2.Hehasbeendead4years.Heago.Ithasbeenhedied.b.将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。Eg.I
14、havebeenawayfromthisschoolforeightyears.Ileftthisschooleightyearsago.c.用句型“itis+一段时间+since从句（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式）”表示。如：Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.注意：瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。如：ExercisesTureorFalseHehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.()HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastyear.()Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.()He
15、hasservedinthearmyfor3years.()Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.()Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.()Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.()Hehasjoinedthearmy.()短暂性动词与时间段连用时，要转化成表示状态的词或短语。 leavebe away (from) 离开1. She _ (leave) home last week.2. She has already_ (leave) home.3. She_ home for a week.A. has left B. left C
16、. has been away D. has been away from4. How long has she _ home?A. left B. leaved C. been away from die v. be dead adj. 死亡 1. The old man is_ . He_ ten years ago.2. He has_ for ten years. (die/dead填空)3. ( ) How long has he_ ?A. died B. been dead C. die D. been die joinbe in /be a member of 加入/成为 joi
17、n the League 入团 join the Party 入党 join the army 参军A: When did Zhao Lin _ the League? B: He_ the League last year. He has _the League for one year. borrow/lendkeep 借用1. A: I_ a book from the library yesterday. B: How long _ you_ it? A: I can _ it for a week.2. He _ the dictionary since last week. A.
18、borrowed B. has borrowed C. has kept D. kept buyhave 买1. A: 我买了一辆自行车。I _ _a bike.B: 你买了多长时间了？How long _ you _ it?A: 我上个月买的。I _ it last month.2. I _ this pair of skates for two years. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had begin/startbe on 开始 The movie _ (start) half an hour ago. It _ for thirty
19、 minutes. openbe open 开始/开业A: When did the factory _? B: It _ ten years ago. A: How long has it _?B: It has _ for ten years. closebe closed 关闭/停产 A: When did the shop_?B: It _ a month ago.A: How long has it _.B: It has _ for a month. arrive/comebe in /at 到达 arrive in/at. 到达，抵达 come to. 来到.1) A: When
20、 did you _ in Shanghai?B: I _ here last week.A: How long have you _ _ Shanghai?B: I have _ here for a week.2) I_ to this school last year. I have_ _ this school for a year. get a cold/ catch a cold-have a cold 感冒 (用get catch have 适当形式填空)1. I _/_ a cold last week. And Im not feeling well now. So I _
21、a cold for a week.2. I _ a cold since last week.A. have got B. have caught C. have had D. got练习：1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ .
22、just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _
23、in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the Unite
24、d States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined
25、. has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has
26、been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have clea
27、ned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has l
28、ived there D. has left the university 五、 补充1)由since引导的从句中的时态：由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语动词用现在完成时）Wevebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.MuchhaschangedsinceIwastherelasttime.2)当表示有多少时间时，主句谓语可用一般现在时：ItstwoyearssinceIlefthome.Howlongisitsinceyoucameherelasttime?3) 在下面句型中也可用现在完成时：出现最高级ThisisthebestteaIhaveeve
29、rdrunk.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.ThisistheeasiestjobIhaveeverhad.一、单项选择。 1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。 2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。 3、C 4、现在完
30、成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。 5、C 6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。 7、C 8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。 9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，
31、但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。 10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主
32、语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 1、 belongs2、 spoke, have forgotten3、 wasnt4、 am just helping out5、 broke, was playing6、 arrives7、 was reading, fell8、 feels9、 never thought, were going10、 didnt reali
33、ze, wanted11、 havent cleaned12、 Ive been told13、 have been14、 have met15、 had gone up16、 had gathered ; was already ringing17、 would gather ; would already have rung18、 had been planning19、 to take20、 there are going21、 didnt22、 As soon as I finished writing23、 Makes24、 am thinking of25、 will have b
34、een studying26、 will have graduated27、 Hardly had I reached28、 would be; hasnt arrived29、 is30、 they would be friends31、 have been discussing ,havent reached32、 went 33、 have you put 34、 before Tom comes back 35、 is shown 36、 are you getting 37、 were you doing , had just finished 38、 have never read 39、 It was once believed 40、 got hurt 41、 have been risen42、 have added up to43、 proved44、 will last45、 took place46、 dont sell47、 had left48、 have made49、 has been married to50、 was sent专心-专注-专业