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1、-第 1 页非谓语动词专题讲解-第 2 页非谓语：非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。）一、一、不定式与动名词做主语不定式与动名词做主语1.动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例句：例句：ReadingEnglishisreallyagreatfun.Toreadenglishthismorningwilltakemostofmytime.2.形式主语形式主语 it 的运用的运用:1).不定式做
2、主语不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用谓语用单数。往往用 it 做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。例句：例句：Tofinishthejobtookustwohours.Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语 it.）例句例句:itwasdecidedtogoforapicnictomorrow.2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形
3、容词构成系表结构时，用 of,否则用否则用 for.例句：例句：Itsveryniceofyou tohelpus.Itsimpossibleforustodefeattheboss.3).用动名词做主语的句型：用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good(use,useless,fun)+doing sth.Its worth while doing例句：例句：Itsnousecryoverspiltmilk.覆水难收覆水难收(it用法远不止这几个后面会有补充用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动
4、词时，应保持形式上一致。例句：例句：Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实眼见为实4.There be no+ving例句：例句：Thereisnoparkingaroundhere.Nosmoking,please.练习题练习题Itishard_hismind.(tochange)Itisfun_withaforeignman.(talking)Thereisno_whatwillhappen.(telling)Ilike_thisnovelthismorning.(toread)二：做表语二：做表语1.不定式做表语不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来
5、的含义表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。例句：例句：Mywishistobecomeafamouswriter.2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动表主动（interesting,amusing,disappointing,puzzling,exciting 等等）；进行时表示进行时表示正在进行的动作。正在进行的动作。例句：例句：iamteachingthechildtoswimwhenyoupassedby.-第 3 页Thestoryisamusing.(令人令人.的的)3.过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。过去分词作表语表示
6、主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。例句：例句：Theshopisclosed.Thedoorwasclosedbythewind.4.注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.Thebookisinteresting.Thenewsissurprising.Thestoryisfritenting.Heisfritented
7、.After hearing the exciting news,he gave a speech in an excited voice.练习题练习题Theproblemis_（puzzling）Thevillageis_bymountains.(surrounded)Sheis_ atthenews.(surprised)三：做宾语三：做宾语1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词只能用动名词做宾语的动词a 考虑建议盼原谅考虑建议盼原谅cosidersuggest/adviselookforwardto doingexcuse/pardenb 承认推辞没得想承认推辞没得想admitdelay/puto
8、fffancyc 避免错过继续练避免错过继续练avoidmisskeep/keeponpracticee 否认完成就欣赏否认完成就欣赏denyfinishenjoy/appreciatef 禁止想象才冒险禁止想象才冒险forbidimagineriskg 不禁介意准逃亡不禁介意准逃亡cant helpmindallow/permitescape此外：此外：beusedto/leadto/devoteto/gobackto/objectto/getdoneto/payattentionto/cantstand/giveup/feellike/insiston/thankyoufor/apolog
9、izefor/be busy(in)have difficulty、troublein/haveagood/wonderful/hardtimein/spendtimein等动词词组后面也加等动词词组后面也加 doing。2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。1).like,love,prefer 后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有 would/should，则后接不定式。，则后接不定式。但但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。只接动名词做宾语。例句：例句：Ilikes
10、wimming,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.2).在在 allow,advise,forbid,permit 后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。即即 allow,advise,forbid,permit+doing sth./sb.to do sth.例句：例句：We dont allow smoking in the hall.We allowyoutosmokehere.3).当当 need,require,want 做做“需要需要”讲时讲时，其后必接其后必接to be done(被动态被动态)或
11、或 ving（此时此时 ving 也表被动意义也表被动意义），表事情需要被做表事情需要被做。want/need/require主动式主动式=want/need/require不定式被动式不定式被动式即即 need/want/require(需要需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth例句：例句：The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.4).worth 后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。即即 be worth+名词名词/doing-第 4 页be worthy to be do
12、nebeworthyof+名词名词/being done例句：例句：The place is worth visiting.Theplaceis worthy to be visitedTheplaceisworthyof+a visit/being visited.5).在介词在介词 but,other than 之后的不定式。如介词前有之后的不定式。如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略则不定式省略“to”,否则就带否则就带“to”.例句：例句：We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait.另接不定式省略
13、另接不定式省略 to 的有：的有：cantchoose but,cant help but(只好只好),cant but，had better,would rather.Eg:He cannot choose but stay on.You had better come here on time.I would rather stay than otherwise.6).当不定式做动词当不定式做动词 tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时等词宾语时，前常带引导词前常带引导词 how,what,whether，why，w
14、ho 等等+to do,但但 why+不带不带 to 的不定式。的不定式。例句：例句：I dont know what to do.Can you tell me why do it?练习题：练习题：1.I can hardly imagine Peter _(sail)across the Atlantic.2.I would appreciate your _(call)back this afternoon.3.The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch).4.She didnt remember _(meet)h
15、im before.5.We have always deeply regretted _(sell)the house.6.The dictionary cant help _(learn)the language.7.When do you plan to leave?I mean _(leave)tomorrow.8.He would like _(sing)this song now.9.Do you feel like _(have)a cup of tea?10.The extra money allow us _(buy)a car.11.This book is worth _
16、(read).12.This book is worthy of _(read).13.All cars require _(service)regularly.14.I wonder how _(solve)this problem.15.What we can do but _(sit)and _(wait).16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week,better _(forget)it-you have got some big billscoming.四：做宾补四：做宾补1.感官动词感官动词 see,
17、watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice 等和使役动词等和使役动词 have 后情况：后情况：1).主动时，主动时，do 原型表完成；现在分词原型表完成；现在分词 doing 表正在进行。表正在进行。例句：例句：I heard her sing an English song just now.I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room.-第 5 页2)被动时被动时,ved 过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性；过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性；being done 表正在
18、进行。表正在进行。例句：例句：I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room.I want to have my hair cut.2:使役动词使役动词 let 后，主动时，用动原后，主动时，用动原 do；被动时用；被动时用 be+过去分词。过去分词。例句：例句：Dont let your child play with matches.Let there be no mistake about it.Let the work be done immediately.3.leave 后接
19、非谓语动词做宾补时，意为后接非谓语动词做宾补时，意为“使使.处于某种状态处于某种状态”。Leave sb.doing sth.(主动，正在进行主动，正在进行)Sth.Undone（被动或完成）（被动或完成）sb.to do sth./sth.to be done（不定式表示将来的动作）（不定式表示将来的动作）It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.The guests left most of the dishes untouched.He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.We hurrie
20、d end our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.4.have,get 后接宾补的三种形式：后接宾补的三种形式：1).Have sb.do sth.=get sb to do sth.使使/让让/叫某人做某事叫某人做某事例句：例句：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.2),have sth.done=get sth.done 让某事由别人去做（叫让某事由别人去做（叫/让某人做某事）让某人做某事）例句：例句：I will have/get my bike repaired tomo
21、rrow.此外此外 have sth.done 有有“使遭受使遭受.”之意。之意。例句：例句：Tom had his leg broken while playing football.3).have sb./sth.doing 让某人持续的做某事让某人持续的做某事（主动，正在进行）（主动，正在进行）Get sb./sth doing 使某人使某人/物开始行动起来物开始行动起来例句：例句：The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.注注:have sb.doing 置于否定句中，置于否定句中，h
22、ave 有有“容忍容忍”之意。之意。例句：例句：I wont have you speaking to you dad like that.5.”吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉”-5 看看（look at,see,watch,notice,observe）；3 使使（make,let,have，）；2 听听（listen to,hear）；1 感感觉（觉（feel）。在主动态中宾补用不带。在主动态中宾补用不带 to 的不定式，但在被动态中要还原的不定式，但在被动态中要还原 to.例句：例句：I hate to see you leave so soon.Someone was heard
23、 to come up the stairs.除除 let,make 外，以上动词还可用现在分词做宾补。此外外，以上动词还可用现在分词做宾补。此外 find,catch,keep,leave(+4)同。同。Eg:He was caught stealing.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.练习题：练习题：1.At that moment I saw him _(cross)the road.-第 6 页2.I was glad to see the children well _(take)care of.3.A
24、cook will be immediaely fired if he is found _(smoke)in the kichen.4.He went away without saying anything,_(leave)us _(stand)outside.5.Mr.Brown was much disappointed to se the washing machine she had _(repair)went wrong again.6.I wonder if this is the computer you want to have it _(repair).7.Childre
25、ns being addicted to the Internet gets their parents _(worry)8.At that time,I found him _(cry)in the street。五：做定语五：做定语1.不定式做定语不定式做定语1).做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，后要加相应的介词。做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，后要加相应的介词。Eg:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.注：如不定式修饰的名词是注：如不定式修饰的名词是 time,place 或或 way 时，其后介词省去。时，其后介词省去。Eg:H
26、e had no money and no place to live(in)2.不定式做定语的几种情况。不定式做定语的几种情况。1).不定式表将来不定式表将来Eg:The car to be bought is for his sister.2).用来修饰被序数词，最高级，或用来修饰被序数词，最高级，或 no,all,any 等限定的中心词。等限定的中心词。Eg:He was the best man to do the job.3).用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常有：用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常有：ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,reason,time 等等等
27、等Eg:Do you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go swimming.3.不定式的一般被动式不定式的一般被动式（to be done），表被动表被动、将来将来；过去分词过去分词（done），表被动表被动、完成或状态完成或状态；和现在分词的一般被动式和现在分词的一般被动式（beingdoing），表被动、正在进行。，表被动、正在进行。1).The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.2)
28、.Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.3).Have you read the novel written by Dickens?3.分词做定语：分词做定语：Ving 表正在进行，过去分词表已经完成。表正在进行，过去分词表已经完成。boiling water 正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水falling leaves 正在下落的叶子正在下落的叶子boiled water烧开过的水烧开过的水fallen leaves已经落下的叶子已经落下的叶子练习题：练习题：1.Do you know the boy _(lie)u
29、nder the big tree?2.The speech which he made _(concern)the football match bored a lot of fans to death3.If the building project _(complete)by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.4.To fetch water before breakfast seemed to him a rule never _(break).六：做状语六：做状语1.不定式做
30、状语不定式做状语Eg:Jim had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.(表目的表目的)To look at him,you would like him.(表条件表条件)表结果时常用，表结果时常用，too.to.,enough.to.,only to.等结构。等结构。He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表另人失望的结果表另人失望的结果)某些形容词，表喜，怒，哀，乐的做表语后接的不定式表原因。某些形容词，表喜，怒，哀，
31、乐的做表语后接的不定式表原因。Eg:I am very glad to see you.在表目的强调时，可用在表目的强调时，可用 in order to/so as to+动原，后者不能置于句首。动原，后者不能置于句首。Eg：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.-第 7 页2.分词做状语分词做状语原则原则：此时此时，分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，且分词必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或者是被动关系且分词必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或者是被动关系。否否则不能使用分词做状语。则不能使用分词做
32、状语。Doing 表主动表主动/正在进行正在进行，having done 表先于谓语发生的主动表先于谓语发生的主动；done 表被动表被动；being done 表与谓语同时发生的被动表与谓语同时发生的被动；havingbeen done 表先于谓语发生的被动。表先于谓语发生的被动。Eg:Coming into the room,he found his father angry.（时间状语）（时间状语）Seen from the top of the hill,the town is beautiful.（条件状语）（条件状语）Being tired,they went on working
33、.（让步状语）（让步状语）Having been hit by the big boy on the nose,the little boy began to cry.（原因状语）（原因状语）注：与注：与 not 连用时，通常连用时，通常-ing 形式。形式。Eg:Not being invited,he has to stay at home.3.独立成分做状语（形式不受上下文的影响的分词或不定式）独立成分做状语（形式不受上下文的影响的分词或不定式）含义：含义：常 见 的 有常 见 的 有:generally speaking一 般 来 说，一 般 来 说，frankly speaking
34、坦 白 的 说坦 白 的 说;judging from/by根 据根 据.来 判 断来 判 断;considering./taking.into consideration 考虑到考虑到.;to tell the truth 说实话；说实话；seeing.考虑到；考虑到；supposing 即使，如果；即使，如果；providing 如果如果;saving 除了除了，除非除非；assuming 假使假使；admitting 虽说虽说；given 如果如果；provide that 如果如果；compare to/with 与与.相比；相比；Judging from his accent,he
35、is from the south.Generally speaking,the more expensive th camera,the better its quality.练习题：练习题：1._(consider)your health,you had better have a rest.2._(judge)from previous experience,he will be late again.3._(judge)by the local official,this group ranked first.4._(take)his health into consideration
36、,he has to be sent to a hospital at once.5.She is too tired _(do)the job.6.Generally _(speak),when _(take)according to the direction,the drug has no side effect.7.The teacher came into the lab,_(follow)by some students.8._(tell)many times,he still repeated the same mistake.9._ many times,she still c
37、ant remenber it.A.Had toldB.Having been toldC.Having toldD.Being told10._ full preparations,we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A.We didnt makeB.Having not madeC.We had not madeD.Not having made11.Written in a hurry,_.A.Peter made many mistakes in the paperB.there are many mistakes in the paper.C.we found some mistakes in the paperD.the paper is full of mistakes12.He put a finger in his mouth,tasted it and smiled,_(look)rather pleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）（伴随状语）