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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。）一、 不定式与动名词做主语1. 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例句：Reading English is really a great fun.To read english this morning will take most of my time. 2.形式主语it 的运用:1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。例句：To finish the job too
2、k us two hours.It took us two hours to finish the job.（注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.）例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.例句：Its very nice of you to help us.Its impossible for us to defeat the boss.3).用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no
3、 good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. Its worth while doing例句：Its no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收(it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。例句：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.眼见为实4.There be no +ving例句：There is no parking around here.No smoking,please.练习题It is hard_ his mind.(to change )
4、It is fun_ with a foreign man.(talking)There is no _what will happen.(telling)I like_ this novel this morning.(to read)二：做表语1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。例句：My wish is to become a famous writer.2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。例句：i am teaching
5、the child to swim when you passed by.The story is amusing. (令人.的)3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。例句：The shop is closed.The door was closed by the wind.4. 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。 interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.The book is interestin
6、g.The news is surprising.The story is fritenting.He is fritented.After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice. 练习题The problem is _（puzzling）The village is_by mountains. (surrounded)She is_ at the news.(surprised)三：做宾语1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词a考虑建议盼原谅cosider suggest/advise look forward
7、to doing excuse/pardenb承认推辞没得想admit delay/put off fancyc避免错过继续练avoid miss keep/keep on practicee否认完成就欣赏deny finish enjoy/appreciatef禁止想象才冒险forbid imagine riskg不禁介意准逃亡cant help mind allow/permit escape此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /cant stand /
8、give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)have difficulty 、trouble in/have a good/wonderful/hard time in /spend time in 等动词词组后面也加doing。2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。1).like,love,prefer后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有would/should，则后接不定式。但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。例句：I like swimming ,but I
9、 dont like to swim this afternoon.2).在allow, advise, forbid, permit后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。即allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. / sb.to do sth.例句：We dont allow smoking in the hall.We allow you to smoke here.3).当need, require, want做“需要”讲时，其后必接 to be done(被动态)或ving（此时ving也表被动意义），表事情需要被做。want/need
10、/ require主动式 =want/need/require不定式被动式 即need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/sb.to do sth例句： The window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.4).worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。即be worth +名词/doingbe worthy to be donebe worthy of +名词/being done例句：The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy to be visite
11、dThe place is worthy of + a visit/being visited.5).在介词but, other than之后的不定式。如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略“to”,否则就带“to”.例句：We could do nothing but/other than wait.He had no choice but to wait. 另接不定式省略to的有：cant choose but, cant help but(只好), cant but，had better, would rather. Eg:He cannot choose but stay on. You h
12、ad better come here on time. I would rather stay than otherwise.6).当不定式做动词tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时，前常带引导词how, what,whether， why，who等+to do,但why+不带to的不定式。例句：I dont know what to do.Can you tell me why do it?练习题：1. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic.
13、2. I would appreciate your _ (call) back this afternoon.3. The discovery of the new evidence led to the thief _(catch).4. She didnt remember _(meet) him before.5. We have always deeply regretted _(sell) the house.6. The dictionary cant help _(learn) the language.7. When do you plan to leave? I mean
14、_ (leave) tomorrow.8. He would like _ (sing) this song now.9. Do you feel like _(have) a cup of tea?10. The extra money allow us _ (buy) a car.11. This book is worth _(read).12. This book is worthy of _ (read).13. All cars require _ (service) regularly.14. I wonder how _ (solve) this problem.15. Wha
15、t we can do but _ (sit) and _ (wait).16. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ (forget) it- you have got some big bills coming.四：做宾补1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to,notice等和使役动词have后情况： 1).主动时，do原型表完成；现在分词doing表正在进行。例句：I heard her sing an English s
16、ong just now.I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room. 2)被动时,ved过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性；being done表正在进行。例句：I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room. I want to have my hair cut.2:使役动词let后，主动时，用动原do；被动时用be+过去分词。例句：Dont let your child play with matches
17、. Let there be no mistake about it. Let the work be done immediately.3.leave 后接非谓语动词做宾补时，意为“使.处于某种状态”。 Leave sb. doing sth.(主动，正在进行) Sth. Undone （被动或完成） sb. to do sth./sth. to be done（不定式表示将来的动作）It is wrong of you to leave the machine running.The guests left most of the dishes untouched.He left, lea
18、ving me to do all the rest work.We hurried end our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.4. have, get后接宾补的三种形式： 1). Have sb. do sth.=get sb to do sth. 使/让/叫某人做某事例句：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 2),have sth. done = get sth. done 让某事由别人去做（叫/让某人做某事）例句：I will have/get my bike re
19、paired tomorrow.此外have sth. done有“使遭受.”之意。例句： Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 3).have sb./sth. doing 让某人持续的做某事 （主动，正在进行）Get sb./sth doing 使某人/物开始行动起来例句： The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.注:have sb. doing 置于否定句中，have有“容忍”之意。例句：I wont have you speak
20、ing to you dad like that.5.”吾看三室两厅一感觉”-5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make,let,have， ）；2听（listen to, hear）；1感觉（feel）。在主动态中宾补用不带to的不定式，但在被动态中要还原to.例句：I hate to see you leave so soon. Someone was heard to come up the stairs. 除let, make外，以上动词还可用现在分词做宾补。此外find, catch, keep, leave(+4)同。 Eg:H
21、e was caught stealing. I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.练习题：1. At that moment I saw him _(cross) the road.2. I was glad to see the children well _(take) care of.3. A cook will be immediaely fired if he is found _(smoke) in the kichen.4. He went away without saying anything, _
22、 (leave) us _ (stand) outside.5. Mr. Brown was much disappointed to se the washing machine she had _(repair) went wrong again.6. I wonder if this is the computer you want to have it _(repair).7. Childrens being addicted to the Internet gets their parents _(worry)8. At that time, I found him _(cry) i
23、n the street。五：做定语 1.不定式做定语1).做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，后要加相应的介词。 Eg: The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 注：如不定式修饰的名词是time, place或way时，其后介词省去。 Eg:He had no money and no place to live (in)2. 不定式做定语的几种情况。 1).不定式表将来Eg:The car to be bought is for his sister. 2).用来修饰被序数词，最高级，或no, all, any等限定的中心词。 Eg:He
24、 was the best man to do the job. 3).用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, reason, time等等 Eg:Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go swimming.3.不定式的一般被动式（to be done），表被动、将来；过去分词（done），表被动、完成或状态；和现在分词的一般被动式（being doing），表被动、正在进行。 1).The question to b
25、e discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 2).Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. 3).Have you read the novel written by Dickens?3.分词做定语：Ving表正在进行，过去分词表已经完成。 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 falling leaves 正在下落的叶子 boiled water 烧开过的水 fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子练习题：1. Do you kno
26、w the boy _ (lie) under the big tree?2. The speech which he made _ (concern) the football match bored a lot of fans to death3. If the building project _ (complete) by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.4. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to him a rule neve
27、r _ (break).六：做状语 1.不定式做状语 Eg: Jim had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.(表目的) To look at him, you would like him. (表条件) 表结果时常用，too.to., enough.to., only to.等结构。 He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表另人失望的结果) 某些形容词，表喜，怒，哀，乐的做表语后接的不定式表原因。 Eg: I am
28、very glad to see you. 在表目的强调时，可用in order to/so as to +动原，后者不能置于句首。Eg：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.2.分词做状语 原则：此时，分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，且分词必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或者是被动关系。否则不能使用分词做状语。 Doing表主动/正在进行，having done表先于谓语发生的主动；done表被动；being done表与谓语同时发生的被动；having been done表先于谓语发生的被动。Eg: Coming into t
29、he room, he found his father angry. （时间状语） Seen from the top of the hill, the town is beautiful.（条件状语）Being tired, they went on working.（让步状语） Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry. （原因状语）注：与not连用时，通常-ing形式。Eg:Not being invited,he has to stay at home.3.独立成分做状语（形式不受上
30、下文的影响的分词或不定式） 含义： 常见的有:generally speaking 一般来说，frankly speaking坦白的说; judging from/by 根据.来判断; considering./taking.into consideration 考虑到.; to tell the truth 说实话；seeing. 考虑到；supposing 即使，如果；providing 如果; saving 除了，除非；assuming 假使；admitting 虽说；given 如果；provide that 如果；compare to/with 与.相比； Judging from
31、his accent, he is from the south. Generally speaking, the more expensive th camera, the better its quality.练习题：1._(consider) your health, you had better have a rest.2._(judge) from previous experience, he will be late again.3._(judge) by the local official, this group ranked first.4._(take) his heal
32、th into consideration, he has to be sent to a hospital at once.5.She is too tired _(do) the job.6.Generally _ (speak), when _(take) according to the direction, the drug has no side effect.7.The teacher came into the lab, _(follow) by some students.8._(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mis
33、take.9._ many times, she still cant remenber it. A.Had told B.Having been told C.Having told D.Being told10._ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week. A.We didnt make B.Having not made C.We had not made D.Not having made11.Written in a hurry, _. A.Peter made many mistakes in the paper B.there are many mistakes in the paper. C.we found some mistakes in the paper D.the paper is full of mistakes12.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, _(look) rather pleased. 他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）专心-专注-专业