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1、An Integrated English Course Book (2nd Edition) IUnit 1Notes to Exercises of Text 1Vocabulary ExercisesIV. SynonymsI.shake shudderBoth refer to involuntary (不由自主的)vibratory (振动的)movement that often suggest mental strain or discomfort.shake vt. & vi.The most general word, suggesting something that is
2、 done to as well as by a person or object.1) to shake with fear, cold, laughter, anger, fever, eel.E.g. The childs small body shook with fear.2) vibrate, rockE.g. The explosion shook the house. / The house shook with the explosion.3) move . (vigorously)E.g. The medicine is to be shaken before use.sh
3、ake ones headshake hands with each otherwave, especially in angerE.g. shake ones fist at / to sb.4) waver, be unsteadyE.g. The branches were shaking in the wind.shudder vi.Applying chiefly to convulsive (痉挛的)shaking caused by fear / horror or revulsion (反感;厌 恶).E.g. He shuddered when he saw the dead
4、 body.Extra ExercisesI to think how big the bill will be. (shudder)The ground under his feet, (shook)The wet dog himself, (shook)He as he heard the strange noise in the night, (shuddered)answer replyBoth can be used as noun and verb respectively. As verb, answer is transitive while reply intransitiv
5、e.answer常用词，使用范围广to use either words or actions in response to a question, request, letter or polite greeting.E.g. He answered the question / the teacher.1) to speak or act in response to a signE.g. answer the telephone /answer the door bellreply to others argument or charge 答辩； 抗辩E.g. He answered h
6、is critics by .2) do sth. in return for an actEg.I answered his threat with a blow on his nose.n. any satisfactory conclusion or solutionreplyreply和answer常常可以互换使用，reply较answer正式E.g. ”Are you coming?” Yes, he answered / replied.He answered / replied that he was coming.I asked his a question, but he d
7、idnt answer / reply.reply和answer虽然有时可以互换使用，但含义不同。Reply refers to an answer in the form of a statement appropriate to the question.Eg 1) answer a letter “回信”，但对来信提出的问题并不一定作了答复。reply to a letter回答了来信提出的一切细节。2) The officer answered the guards salute by a nod.那位军官点一点头以回答卫兵的敬礼。The officer replied to the
8、guards salute.那位军官对卫兵的敬礼回了礼。2. common general ordinarycommonfound or happening often and in many places, widely used, or well known常见的，普通的，熟悉的E.g. Pine-trees are common in many parts of the word.the common man / people常人，普通人,老百姓common sense 常识generalconcerned with or applicable to the majority of (h
9、e persons, things, or cases意为“普遍的”、“一般的”not limited (o one thing or placeE.g. This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。ordinarynot unusual, having no exceptional ability or quality强调“平常的”，没有什么特别之处E.g. Toin Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept g
10、etting into trouble.汤姆.索耶是个常常惹事生非的普普通通的美国男孩。3. tiny smallsmall 一般表示“容量、面积、数量、体积等物理量值方面的小”，也可修饰“在价值 方面的小”tiny: extremely small, sometimes suggesting a miniature (微缩的)model of something. 指极 小的，微小的special peculiar particularspecial： not ordinary, or different from what is normal.E.g. School will only a
11、llow this in special circumstances.peculiar: strange or unusual, especially in a way that is unpleasant or worryingE.g. There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen.particular: greater than usual, deserving special notice or attention; referring to an individual person, thing, or type and not others.E.
12、g. Most students choose one particular area for research.4. spend cost takespend spend (time / money) on sth. / in doing sth.cost sth. costs sb. (money) E.g. A full days activities will cost you 45.take sth. takes (time, money, effort, etc.) / It takes sb. (time) to do sth.E.g. It took a few minutes
13、 for his eyes to adjust to the dark.It takes two men to do this.Vocabulary Exercises VI. Word transformationindustryOther forms: industrial industrialism industrialist industrialize industrializationCompare:industrious: hard-working, diligentdescribeOther forms: description descriptivesuspectOther f
14、orms: suspicion suspicious suspect v.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯assistOther forms: assistance assistant n.助手助理 adj.辅助的，副的E.g. assistant engineer 助理工程师assistant professor 副教授1. employOther forms: employee employer employment unemployed adj. 失业的proveOther forms: proofGrammar ExercisesGrammar Exercises IVThe bare infinit
15、ive and the present participle as object complement.v. + object + infinitive without “to”： the whole of an actionE.g. I felt a hand rest on my shoulders.I used to watch him pick roses for his motherv. + object + v._ing: part of an actionWords of the kind are:A: words denoting senses: feel, hear, not
16、ice, observe, perceive, see and watch.B: v. + object + infinitive without to: some transitive verbs have , let, and make.Grammar Exercises V.brief as it was: though / although it was shortE.g. Yong as he is, he already know what career he wants to follow, （adj. 表语）Tired as I was, I went on working,
17、（-ed 分词，表语）Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning. （adv.状语）Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. （adv. 状语）Object as you may, he will not change his mind. （v. 谓语）Try as she might, Sue couldn t gel （he door open. （v.谓语）Grammar Exercises VI.The present participle
18、as adverbialE.g. Kneeling, he pulled me close.Not knowing what to say, I looked at （he flowers.The present participle phrase can be used adverbially to denote: simultaneous events, an action immediately followed by another, reason, manner.（The hidden subjects of the -ing form is usually the same as
19、that of the main clause.）Text II The Dinner Party大学英语课程教学要求（积极词汇用红色标出）一般要求（4级）词汇：colonial bare spirited era nerve countcontract合同，契约，协议impulse n.脉冲，冲击,冲动，冲量v.推动arrestingimage hostexclaimvt.& vi.呼喊；惊叫：大声说faintadj.微弱的，模糊的；软弱的；无勇气的；将昏倒似的vi.头晕，昏过去；渐渐不明，消失n.昏厥，昏倒较高要求（6级）词汇：spaciousmarblen.大理石；大理石制品；弹子游戏；
20、理智，常识adj.大理石的；冷酷无情的；有大理石花纹的v.把（书边）弄上大理石花纹sober adj.头脑清醒的，冷静的；未醉的，没喝醉的；有节制的；朴素的，素净的vt.& vi.（使）冷静，（使）清醒；使严肃更高要求词汇：hostesscommotionn.混乱，喧闹；暴动，骚动 forfeitvt.(因违反协议、犯规、受罚等)丧失，失去n.罚金，没收物，丧失的东西；代价adj.丧失了的，被没收了的词组：be seated with spring up feel like join in come to with a startout of the corner of ones eye ma
21、ke forring out发出响声；响起；鸣钟送走； light upRing叩打电话；把钱款记入收款机；赚取；盈利Words and expression for you to studybe seated withattache使馆官员(大使随员，参赞，武官)visiting naturalist / scholarspacious 美spei J os端英spei J os4ladj.宽敞的spacious rooma bare marble floor: uncovereda spirited / healed discussionspring up: begin suddenly;
22、 grow up quickly; ariseEg. Towns had sprang up in what was a desert.Suspicion sprang up in her mind.outgrow:1) lose in the course of growingEg. She had outgrown her youthful idealism.2) to grow too large forEg. The child outgrew all his clothes.3) to surpass in growth长得比快/大/高Eg. Tony has outgrown hi
23、s elder brother.unfailing reaction: constantfeel like sth. / doing sth.count: be of value or importance; matter,her muscles contracting slightly 独立结构come to: return to consciousnesscf. come around / roundwith a start: sudden movement of surprise or fearEg. I woke up from the nightmare with a motion:
24、 disorderfrighten the cobra into strikingarresting: attracting and holding the attentionsober: (cause to) become serious or thoughtfulEg. The grave expression on grandpas face sobered everyone.forfeit: lose as a punishmentout of the corner of ones eyemake for: move in the direction ofring out: sound loudly and clearlyslam the door shutfaint smile: slightlight upEg. The girls face lit up as she came up with a good idea.