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1、An Integrated English Course (2nd Edition) Book 1Unit 12Text I Gender Bias in LanguageText ComprehensionDecide which of the following best states the authors purpose of writing.D.I. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T. Refer to Paragraph 1.2. F. This
2、 is a false statement. According to Paragraph 1, there are still those who feel that language is a reflection of the prejudices that people have within themselves.3. F. The statement is false, the author means in Paragraph 2 that it is insulting to say that a 4-year-old male, based solely on his gen
3、der, is more qualified and capable of conducting the business and affairs of the home than his possibly well-educated, highly intellectual mother.4. T. Refer to Paragraphs 4.5. T. Refer to Paragraph 7.III. Answer the following questions.1. Refer to Paragraph 1. Wc have to take into account the perso
4、ns linguistic genealogy.2. Refer to Paragraph 2. Resulting from the arrangement of (he English language, men are usually identified with exalted positions, and women are identified with more service-oriented positions in which they are being dominated and instructed by men.3. Refer to Paragraph 3. I
5、n American culture, a woman is valued for the attractiveness of her body, while a man is valued for his physical strength and his achievements.4. Refer to Paragraph 3. The bias is evident in word pairs because the masculine word is usually put before the feminine word, as in the examples of Mr. and
6、Mrs., his and hers, boys and girls, men and women, kings and queens, brothers and sisters, guys and dolls, and host and hostess.5. Refer to Paragraph 5. The writer cites these examples to support his argument that there are far greater positive connotations connected with being a man than with being
7、 a woman.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.1. Language is an intricate system capable of expressing subtle differences in meaning, emotion, attitude and so on.2. The words people choose to use in conversation show the prejudices they hold within themselves.3. Nilsen argues that,
8、at the beginning of a wedding ceremony, when the father is asked who gives the bride away and he answers, tI do,“ sexual prejudice shows itself.4. Ib be born a man. with the mark of “male，is almost like receiving grace, a favor from God one doesnt actually dcscn c.Structural analysis of the textIn P
9、aragraphs 2-6.1. In the last paragraph, we find these sentences: It is necessaiy for people to make the proper adjustments internally to use appropriate language to effectively include both genders. We qualify language. It is up to us to decide what we will allow to be used and made proper in the ar
10、ea of language. Evidently, they denote the writers attitude toward what we should do about gender bias in language.VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.1. consider / lake into considerationby its verj; nature2. mens superioritythe reason that leads to3. begi
11、ns to exercise an influencein connection withII. Fili in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.1. bias2. perpetuate3. oriented4. achievements5. exalts6. misinterpreted7. In reference to 8. yielded9. tempers10. supremacyIII. Choose a word or phras
12、e that best completes each of the following sentences.1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. DFill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in its appropriate form and note the difference of meaning between them.1. Both words refer to an unfair, irrational, or unexamined atti
13、tude towards issues or people based on generalized preconceptions. Prejudice refers to a dislike or even hatred for a particular group, race, or religion, in a largely unexpressed or even unknown manner. Bias points to a predisposition either for or against something. Where prejudice can indicate a
14、fixed, inflexible attitude, bias might suggest only a tendency to take a given view.a. biasb. prejudice c. biasd. prejudiceRequest suggests a courteous statement of desire, and it is frequently used as a euphemism for “demand“ in order to hide the latters harshness. Claim suggests (hat a right is be
15、ing asserted or one has the right to something.a. requested b. claimc. requested d. claimBoth verbs apply to things that are brought or fastened together. Connect is used of things that come into contact at some points while clearly remaining separate. The word may also suggest a contact that result
16、s in the transfer of power from a source to a receiver. Attach applies to the fastening on of a part to a whole, of a lesser thing to a greater, or of something movable to something fixed.a. connecting b. connected c. attachesd. attachedExample may indicate something physically present as a specimen
17、, and more often it suggests the citing of supplementarjf material. The word often implies brief citations given for clarity rather than to corroborate a thesis. Instance points to particular or concrete examples or occurrences.2. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence
18、in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: strong (mighty, forceful)Antonym: understand (comprehend, interpret)2. Synonym: entertain ( cherish, nurture)Antonym: include ( embrace)3. Synonym: unbiased (just, balanced)Antonym: inferiority ( subservience)4. Synonym: conventional (common, usual, habitual)Anton
19、ym: little (small, inconsiderable, insignificant)VI. Rephrase each of the following sentences with the word given in capital letters.1. The aircraft can carry 480 people, not including the crew and cabin staff.2. His poetry expresses a great sense of religious devotion.3. The judge decided that allo
20、wing the videotape as evidence would be prejudicial to the outcome of the trial.4. It seems hes not solely to blame fbr the accident.5. The political disparity between (he two communities is obvious.6. At the ceremony many speakers exalted his lifetime contribution to the movie industry.7. In (he la
21、st two to three years, drinkers have become more discerning and are now enjoying a wider variety of beer of better quality.8. The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.GrammarII. Complete the following sentences using appropriate relative words. Use a preposition where
22、necessary.1. that (Thal is preferred when the antecedent 先行词 is “anything.)who / whom / - (Who is more natural: “whom” is veiy formal.)2. that / which 4. when / at which / -whereby / in which / by which5. whose (Whose” can be used when the antecedent is non-pcrsonal.)why / that (Why is formal.)6. th
23、at / - (“That is preferred when the antecedent is modified by an adjective in the superlative degree最高级.)whom7. that / -(That/- is used when the relative word function as a complement 补语 in therelative clause)III. Combine the two sentences in each group into one, using a relative clause.1. The extra
24、 work she took on was starting to affect her health.(The relative word can be omitted when it function as the object.)Adam, whose novel the TV series is based on, will appear in the first episode.(Since the antecedent is a proper noun 专有名词，which is definite in reference, the relative clause modifyin
25、g it is nonrestrictive.2. The trees which / that were blown down in last nights storm are being cut down.3. Dorothy was able to switch between German, Polish and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.4. The hurricane, which caused such damage in the islands, has now headed out to sea.5. The house
26、 which / that is next to ours is for sale.6. Neil Smith, whose parents are both teachers, won first prize in the competition.7. They climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which they got a good view.IV. Put the verbs into the most appropriate formhear, will suppose, no longer wish(We use the pr
27、esent tense in the adverbial clause to refer to the future time.)will cover1. are you going (The present progressive 进行时 expresses the arrangement for the future.)arc going to invite2. will be attended toam going to watch (Be going to” expresses the speakers intention.)VI. Make sentences of your own
28、 after the sentence given below, using the conjunction while or whereas to balance two facts or ideas that contrast, but do not contradict each other.e.g. Football players can only use their feet or their head to pass the ball, never their hands, while basketball players can only use their hands, ne
29、ver their feet.Translation. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.I.甚至在亲属关系上，家中的男人常被称为“当家的”，即便只不过是个四岁的娃儿。1 .在美国文化里，女人的价值在于她身体的魅力，而男人的价值在于他的体力和成就。2 .这说明：由于性别的原因，女人无法把握属于自己的一部分，却使得男人能够理所当然 地获取并不属于他的东西。3 . shrew(曲箱)这个单词原来指种身体很小但特别恶毒的动物。但是在尼尔森的词典里 shrew的意思是一个“脾气极坏、骂骂咧咧的女人工II. Translate each of
30、the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.1.1 marvel at the poets ability to express different nuances of feeling.2. Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment, it is your personal effort that comes into play in (he success of your English s
31、tudies.3. As English majors, wc need to have a keen awareness of the subtle differences between word meanings.4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year.5. It is unfair to identify popular culture with vulgar culture.6. He believes that a person should be noble-mind
32、ed, but not money-oriented all the time.7. The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum.8. The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to (he construction of a new gymnasium.9. But for his personal visits to the ihird-world countries, he would not have believed such disparity i
33、n the living standards between the rich and the poor.10. No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB, not even to the last day.Exercises for Integrated SkillsDictationA major topic of sociolinguistics/ is the connection, if any, / between the structures, vocabularies,/ and w
34、ays of using particular languages / and the social roles of the men and women/ who speak these languages. /Do the men and women who speak a particular language / use it in different ways? / If they do, / do these differences arise from the structure of that language,/ or alternately, / do any differ
35、ences that exist / simply reflect the ways / in which the sexes relate to each other in that society, / whatever the reason? These issues have generated/ a considerable amount of thought and discussion / in the last decades of the twentieth century.I. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE
36、 word you think appropriate.1. restricted2. where3. when4. items5. drew6. vocabulary7. male8. marked9. with10. sourceWriting: Coordinating ConjunctionsRewrite the following sentences to state their meaning in fewer words.1. Historically, information theory was developed to find fundamental limits on
37、 compressing reliably communicating data.2. He dropped out of school to support his family.3. The bus company will probably announce its new schedule in the next few days.4. Rarely will you find someone who has never told a deliberate lie.5. Disobeying safety regulations causes trouble.6. Students t
38、hink that the most important subjects are those that will be useful after graduation.7. Soon college freshmen must realize that they need to contact their advisors about their choices of majors.8. We dont know why the door was left open.9. When will a downturn in the stock market affect society?10.
39、He failed in the examination because he did not work hard enough.ListeningTRANSCRIPTDifferences Between Boys and GirlsDo you believe that only boys do well in science? Docs it seem to you that girls have better vocabularies than boys? In your opinion, are boys belter al building things? If your answ
40、er to each of those questions is “Yes J you are right, according to an article in Current Science.On the average, males score higher on tests that measure mathematical reasoning, mechanical ability, and problem-solving skills. Females show superior ability in tests measuring vocabulary, spelling, an
41、d memory.It is known that bones, muscles, and nerves develop faster in baby girls. Usually, too. baby girls talk at an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think there is a physical reason for this. They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain develop faster in girls than in boys. And it i
42、s this side of the brain that strongly influences an individuaPs ability to use words, to spell, and to remember things.By the time they start school, therefore, little girls have an advantage that boys do not have. Girls are physically more ready to remember facts, to spell, and to read. These, of
43、course, are skills that are important in elementary school.But what have the boys been doing in the years before starting school? They have been developing something called aggression. An aggressive person has courage and energy. He feels strong and independent. He is often the first one to start a
44、fight.Consequently, it is easy to understand why little girls often perform school tasks better than boys, especially if the task requires sitting still, obeying commands, and accepting the teachers ideas. A girl may pass easily through the first few grades. While boys of her age bring home low mark
45、s, the girl may easily get good grades. Girls seem to have “better brains5 in school. Why, then, do so few girls become great scientists? Why is the most important thinking in adult society done by men?According to scientists, the answer is again aggression. Because boys arc aggressive, they refuse
46、to accept other peoples solutions; they insist upon solving problems for themselves. Thus, while little girls arc getting high marks in school for remembering what the teacher has told them, little boys are learning to think in more independent ways.In the adult world, the aggressive person is usual
47、ly the one who gets the big salary, the great responsibility, the powerful job. And since males are trained at an early age to be aggressive, males are more often chosen for key positions.Many people believe this situation is wrong. They think women could be successful in science and industry if the
48、y were trained to be independent and problem-solving, as boys are.Key to listening exercisesListen to a scientific report on differences between boys and girls. Complete the following chart.GirlsBoysPhysical andbones, muscles, and nen es developina as1：mental development at the early stagedeveloping faster;talkin。 at anearlier age;toto spcl having n and eilore .courage_ andDei ng more ready remember facts and to read feeling strong indcpcndcniPerformance at showing superior ability in tests scoring higher on testsschoolmeasuring vocabulary , spelling, and mernorj;