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1、如何分析英语句子结构有更改现在学习的是第1页,共22页一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。和同位语的概念。1、主语、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一句的主体。如句的主体。如 I study English.作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。词和主语从句。To l
2、ose your heart means failure.Dancing is fun.To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.现在学习的是第2页,共22页分析句子成分分析句子成分,找出主语。找出主语。1.Tom is an American student studying in China.2.He,together with his parents,plans to go back to America in the summer vacation.3.However,how they will go there has not been de
3、cided.4.Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy holiday.5.It is a bad habit to go to school without breakfast.现在学习的是第3页,共22页2、谓语、谓语:它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如 I study English中的中的 study.作谓语的有:及物动词或不及物作谓语的有:及物动词或不及物动词短语。动词短语。(凡是句子就有时态)(凡是句子就有时态)The volleyball match will be put o
4、ff if it rains.So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.I dont know why he was late for class this morning.现在学习的是第4页,共22页3、宾语、宾语:它是表示及物动词或不及物动词短它是表示及物动词或不及物动词短语所作用的对象的,如语所作用的对象的,如 I study English.作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。动名词和宾语从句。I am fond of singin
5、g.I am sorry for what I have done to you.现在学习的是第5页,共22页4、表语、表语:它是放在连它是放在连系动词系动词之后表示主语的身份之后表示主语的身份或特征或特征的,如的,如 That sounds a good idea.连系动词有:连系动词有:be,seem,keeplook,feel,sound,smell,tastebecome,get,turn,fall作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。和
6、表语从句。Her job is to clean the hall.My dream is to become a scientist.The cake tastes good.The reason why I was late for school is that my bike broke down.现在学习的是第6页,共22页5、定语、定语:它是限定名词或代词用的,作定语的有:它是限定名词或代词用的,作定语的有:名词、名词、形容词形容词、数词、数词、介词短语介词短语、不定式、不定式、分词分词、动名词和动名词和定语从句定语从句,若是词则多作前置定语,若是,若是词则多作前置定语,若是短语或定
7、语从句则只能作后置定语。如:短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如:the polluted riverthe river polluted by chemicalsThe bridge is over the river which is polluted by chemicals.现在学习的是第7页,共22页6、状语、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的中的very 修饰修饰much,而而much 又修又修饰饰like。作状语的有:作状语的有:副词(短语)、介词短语、不副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式、分
8、词(短语)和状语从句等。定式、分词(短语)和状语从句等。状语说明时间、状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾其位置多位于句首或句尾。地点和时间应地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序按先小后大的顺序。The Olympic Games was held in Beijing,China,on August 8th.,2008.Unfortunately,he didnt pass the exam.现在学习的是第8页,共22页7、补足语、补足语:补充说明句中的主语或者补充说明句中的主语或
9、者宾语宾语的,的,作作补足语的有:补足语的有:名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词(短语)。分词(短语)。如如I find it interesting.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in her hand.8、同位语、同位语:把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况,这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如况,这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如J.K.Rowling,the writer of Harry
10、 Potter,is a mother of three children.The news that her husband has won the game moves her to tears.现在学习的是第9页,共22页二、按照句子的结构来分,英语的句子有以下二、按照句子的结构来分,英语的句子有以下三种类型:三种类型:1、简单句:、简单句:简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。如:语动词(或并列谓语动词)。如:My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the
11、 morning and come back home at seven in the evening.2 2、并列句:、并列句:并列句由并列句由并列连词(并列连词(and,or,but,soand,or,but,so等)等)把两个把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如:或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如:It is late,so we must hurry.I like classical music,and I like country music too.现在学习的是第10页,共22页3、复合句:、复合句:复合句中含有一个或一个以上的复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句从句。如:如:If
12、 we want to keep fit,we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看,我们不难看出从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看,我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此,词连接起来的。因此,只要我们掌握了简单句的只要我们掌握了简单句的几几种基本句型种基本句型,我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接,我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。现在学习的是第11页,共22页三、简
13、单句的五种基本句型:三、简单句的五种基本句型:1 1、主语、主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 如:如:Im not feeling well today.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with our work.现在学习的是第12页,共22页巩固练习:巩固练习:1冬季白天短,夜晚
14、长冬季白天短,夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了。黄了。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.The leaves have turned yellow.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.现在学习的是第13页,共22页2、主语、主语+不及物
15、动词(或短语)(不及物动词(或短语)(+状语)状语)如:如:The sun rises in the east.The Opium War broke out in 1839.1.The red sun rises in the east.2.They had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fa
16、ll down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.现在学习的是第14页,共22页巩固练习:巩固练习:1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3.20083.2008年年5 5月月1212日,四川发生地震。日,四川发生地震。4.4.五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。An earthquake happened in Sichuan on May 12th,2008.She went home very late yesterday.The meeting will last two hours.
17、I lived in Beijing five years ago.现在学习的是第15页,共22页3、主语、主语+及物动词(或短语)及物动词(或短语)+宾语宾语 如:如:I like apples./I hate to be cheated.They decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing.在此句型中,我们要掌握接在此句型中,我们要掌握接动词不定式动词不定式作宾语和作宾语和接接动名词动名词作宾语的动词。作宾语的动词。现在学习的是第16页,共22页常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:常
18、与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:agree(同意同意),aim(目的在于目的在于),ask(要求)(要求),arrange(安排安排),attempt(试图试图),ask(要求要求),beg(请求请求),claim(声称声称),dare(敢于)(敢于),decline(拒绝)(拒绝),decide(决定)(决定),demand(要求)(要求),desire(期望)期望),determine(决定决定),expect(期望期望),hesitate(犹豫)(犹豫),hope(希望)(希望),intend(倾向于)(倾向于),long(渴望渴望),manage(设法做设法做),neglect(否认)(否
19、认),offer(表示要表示要),plan(计划计划),prepare(准备准备),pretend(假装假装),promise(答应)(答应),prove(证明)(证明),refuse(拒绝拒绝),re-solve(决心)(决心),seek(试图)(试图),swear(发誓)(发誓),tend(倾向(倾向于于),threaten(威胁)威胁),adventure(冒险)(冒险),volunteer(志愿)(志愿),vote(投票)(投票),vow(发誓)(发誓),wish(希望希望)等。等。+to do现在学习的是第17页,共22页常与动名词做宾语连用的动词有:常与动名词做宾语连用的动词有:e
20、njoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免)(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),(承认),deny(否认)(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险)(冒险),appreciate(感激)(感激)be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help(情不自禁地)(情不自禁地),think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stopfrom,protectfrom,set
21、 about,be engaged in,spend(in),succeed in,get used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on+doing sth现在学习的是第18页,共22页巩固练习:巩固练习:1.我收到了朋友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了朋友从澳大利亚寄来的信。2.我开窗户你在意吗?我开窗户你在意吗?3.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。4.我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。I received a letter from my friend in Australia.
22、Do you mind my opening the window?He did not know what to say.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.现在学习的是第19页,共22页4、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 如:如:My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr Wang teaches us chemistry.若要先说出直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),若要先说出直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或f
23、or。常跟双宾语的动词有:常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助(需借助to的)的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;等;(需借助(需借助for 的)的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等等.现在学习的是第20页,共22页巩固练习:巩固练习:1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。2.请把那本字典递给我好吗?请把那本字典递给我好吗?3.他把车票给列车员看
24、。他把车票给列车员看。4.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。Grandma told us an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.现在学习的是第21页,共22页5、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 如:如:Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.The boy made his sister cry.The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom our monitor.现在学习的是第22页,共22页