《如何分析英语句子结构有更改讲稿.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《如何分析英语句子结构有更改讲稿.ppt(22页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、如何分析英语句子结构有更改第一页,讲稿共二十二页哦一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构,我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:组成一个句子的各个组成部分,即句子的成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。和同位语的概念。1、主语、主语:是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一句的是一个句子所要说明的人和事物,是一句的主体。如主体。如 I study English.作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。和主语从句。To los
2、e your heart means failure.Dancing is fun.To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.第二页,讲稿共二十二页哦 分析句子成分分析句子成分,找出主语。找出主语。1.Tom is an American student studying in China.2.He,together with his parents,plans to go back to America in the summer vacation.3.However,how they will go there has not been decid
3、ed.4.Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy holiday.5.It is a bad habit to go to school without breakfast.第三页,讲稿共二十二页哦2、谓语、谓语:它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如它是说明主语的动作或状态的,如 I study English中的中的 study.作谓语的有:及物动词或不及物动作谓语的有:及物动词或不及物动词短语。词短语。(凡是句子就有时态)(凡是句子就有时态)The volleyball match will be put off if
4、 it rains.So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.I dont know why he was late for class this morning.第四页,讲稿共二十二页哦3、宾语、宾语:它是表示及物动词或不及物动词短它是表示及物动词或不及物动词短语所作用的对象的,如语所作用的对象的,如 I study English.作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。动名词和宾语从句。I am fond of singing.I am
5、sorry for what I have done to you.第五页,讲稿共二十二页哦4、表语、表语:它是放在连它是放在连系动词系动词之后表示主语的身份或之后表示主语的身份或特征特征的,如的,如 That sounds a good idea.连系动词有:连系动词有:be,seem,keeplook,feel,sound,smell,tastebecome,get,turn,fall作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。句。Her
6、job is to clean the hall.My dream is to become a scientist.The cake tastes good.The reason why I was late for school is that my bike broke down.第六页,讲稿共二十二页哦5、定语、定语:它是限定名词或代词用的,作定语的有:它是限定名词或代词用的,作定语的有:名词、名词、形容词形容词、数词、数词、介词短语介词短语、不定式、不定式、分词分词、动、动名词和名词和定语从句定语从句,若是词则多作前置定语,若是短,若是词则多作前置定语,若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置
7、定语。如:语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如:the polluted riverthe river polluted by chemicalsThe bridge is over the river which is polluted by chemicals.第七页,讲稿共二十二页哦6、状语、状语:它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的中的very 修饰修饰much,而而much 又修又修饰饰like。作状语的有:。作状语的有:副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式副词(短语)、介词短语、不定式、分词(短语)和状语从
8、句等。、分词(短语)和状语从句等。状语说明时间、地点、状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾其位置多位于句首或句尾。地点和时间应按先地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序小后大的顺序。The Olympic Games was held in Beijing,China,on August 8th.,2008.Unfortunately,he didnt pass the exam.第八页,讲稿共二十二页哦7、补足语、补足语:补充说明句中的主语或者补充说明句中的主语或者宾语宾语的,的,作补作补
9、足语的有:足语的有:名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词(短语)。(短语)。如如I find it interesting.The teacher came into the classroom with a book in her hand.8、同位语、同位语:把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况在另一名词或代词后,用以说明前者的性质或情况,这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如,这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如J.K.Rowling,the writer of Harry Potter,is a
10、mother of three children.The news that her husband has won the game moves her to tears.第九页,讲稿共二十二页哦二、按照句子的结构来分,英语的句子有以下二、按照句子的结构来分,英语的句子有以下三种类型:三种类型:1、简单句:、简单句:简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。如:谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。如:My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and co
11、me back home at seven in the evening.2 2、并列句:、并列句:并列句由并列句由并列连词(并列连词(and,or,but,soand,or,but,so等)等)把两个把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如:或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如:It is late,so we must hurry.I like classical music,and I like country music too.第十页,讲稿共二十二页哦3、复合句:、复合句:复合句中含有一个或一个以上的复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句从句。如:。如:If we want to keep
12、fit,we must always remember that prevention is better than cure.从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看,我们不难看从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看,我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此,属连词连接起来的。因此,只要我们掌握了简单只要我们掌握了简单句的句的几种基本句型几种基本句型,我们就可以通过在句中寻找起,我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。第十一页,讲稿共二十二页哦三、简单句的五种基本句型:三、简单句的五种
13、基本句型:1 1、主语、主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 如:如:Im not feeling well today.Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with our work.第十二页,讲稿共二十二页哦巩固练习:巩固练习:1冬季白天短,夜晚长冬季白天短,夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就
14、成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了。黄了。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.The leaves have turned yellow.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.第十三页,讲稿共二十二页哦2、主语、主语+不及物动词(或短语)(不及物动词(或短语)(+状语
15、)状语)如:如:The sun rises in the east.The Opium War broke out in 1839.1.The red sun rises in the east.2.They had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthqua
16、ke,but strong ones may stay up.第十四页,讲稿共二十二页哦巩固练习:巩固练习:1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3.20083.2008年年5 5月月1212日,四川发生地震。日,四川发生地震。4.4.五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。An earthquake happened in Sichuan on May 12th,2008.She went home very late yesterday.The meeting will last two hours.I lived in Beijing five
17、years ago.第十五页,讲稿共二十二页哦3、主语、主语+及物动词(或短语)及物动词(或短语)+宾语宾语 如:如:I like apples./I hate to be cheated.They decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing.在此句型中,我们要掌握接在此句型中,我们要掌握接动词不定式动词不定式作宾语和接作宾语和接动名词动名词作宾语的动词。作宾语的动词。第十六页,讲稿共二十二页哦常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:agree(同意同意),ai
18、m(目的在于目的在于),ask(要求)(要求),arrange(安排安排),attempt(试图试图),ask(要求要求),beg(请求请求),claim(声称声称),dare(敢于)(敢于),decline(拒绝)(拒绝),decide(决定)(决定),demand(要求)(要求),desire(期望)期望),determine(决定决定),expect(期望期望),hesitate(犹豫)(犹豫),hope(希望)(希望),intend(倾向于)(倾向于),long(渴望渴望),manage(设法做设法做),neglect(否认)(否认),offer(表示要表示要),plan(计划计划),
19、prepare(准备准备),pretend(假装假装),promise(答应)(答应),prove(证明)(证明),refuse(拒绝拒绝),re-solve(决心)(决心),seek(试图)(试图),swear(发誓)(发誓),tend(倾向于(倾向于),threaten(威胁)威胁),adventure(冒险)(冒险),volunteer(志愿)(志愿),vote(投票)(投票),vow(发誓)(发誓),wish(希望希望)等。等。+to do第十七页,讲稿共二十二页哦 常与动名词做宾语连用的动词有:常与动名词做宾语连用的动词有:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免)
20、(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),(承认),deny(否认)(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险(冒险),appreciate(感激)(感激)be busy,be worth,feel like,cant stand,cant help(情(情不自禁地)不自禁地),think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent(from),keep from,stopfrom,protectfrom,set about,be engaged in,spend(in)
21、,succeed in,get used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on+doing sth第十八页,讲稿共二十二页哦巩固练习:巩固练习:1.我收到了朋友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了朋友从澳大利亚寄来的信。2.我开窗户你在意吗?我开窗户你在意吗?3.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。4.我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。I received a letter from my friend in Australia.Do you mind my opening the windo
22、w?He did not know what to say.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.第十九页,讲稿共二十二页哦4、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 如:如:My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr Wang teaches us chemistry.若要先说出直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人)若要先说出直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词,则要借助于介词to或或for。常跟双宾语的动词有:常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助(需借助to的
23、)的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;等;(需借助(需借助for 的)的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等等.第二十页,讲稿共二十二页哦巩固练习:巩固练习:1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。2.请把那本字典递给我好吗?请把那本字典递给我好吗?3.他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。4.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用
24、他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。Grandma told us an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.第二十一页,讲稿共二十二页哦5、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 如:如:Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.The boy made his sister cry.The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom our monitor.第二十二页,讲稿共二十二页哦