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1、关于高中英语语法之状语从句第一页,讲稿共二十七页哦语序:语序:陈述陈述语序语序状语从句必须由连词或短语引导,从句的状语从句必须由连词或短语引导,从句的句子结构要完整句子结构要完整。第二页,讲稿共二十七页哦(一一)when,while,as 它们都引导时间状语从句,都可做它们都引导时间状语从句,都可做“当当时候时候”解。解。when意为意为“在在时刻或时期时刻或时期”,它可指,它可指“时间点时间点”或或“时间段时间段”as意为意为“一边一边一边一边”或或“随着随着”,着重表示主句,着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。与从句的动作同时发生。while只指只指“时间段时间段”,意为,意为“在在期间期间
2、”,它所引导,它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词,经常是的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词,经常是进行时进行时。while还可用作并列连词,意为还可用作并列连词,意为“而而”“但但”,表对比转折。,表对比转折。时间状语从句时间状语从句第三页,讲稿共二十七页哦We must keep silent while others are studying.当其他人学习时,我们必须保持安静。当其他人学习时,我们必须保持安静。They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldnt.他们
3、很惊讶一个孩子竟然能解决那个问题而他们自己他们很惊讶一个孩子竟然能解决那个问题而他们自己却不能。却不能。第四页,讲稿共二十七页哦As the day went on,the weather got worse.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越糟。随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越糟。The train had just started when we arrived at the station.我们到车站时火车刚发动。我们到车站时火车刚发动。第五页,讲稿共二十七页哦(二二)as soon as,the moment,the second,the minute,directly,immediatel
4、y都是都是“一一就就”的意思。的意思。no sooner.than,hardly.when,scarcely.when 也是也是“一一就就”之意,但它们有时态限制,前面部分常用之意,但它们有时态限制,前面部分常用过去过去完成完成时,后面常用时,后面常用一般过去时。一般过去时。如果如果no sooner,hardly,scarcely在句首在句首,句子要,句子要部分倒装部分倒装。the first time,the last time做连词时,意为做连词时,意为“当第一次当第一次的时候的时候”、“当最后一次当最后一次的时候的时候”。第六页,讲稿共二十七页哦Did you remember to
5、give Mary the money you owed her?你欠玛丽的钱想着还了吗?你欠玛丽的钱想着还了吗?Yes.I gave it to her the moment I saw her.是的。我一见到她就给她了。是的。我一见到她就给她了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次见到她时觉得她非常诚实。我第一次见到她时觉得她非常诚实。第七页,讲稿共二十七页哦我们一赶到那,天就开始下雨了。我们一赶到那,天就开始下雨了。We had hardly/scarcely arrived when it began t
6、o rain.Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived when it began to rain.We had no sooner arrived than it began to rain.No sooner had we arrived than it began to rain.第八页,讲稿共二十七页哦“过很久(时间段)才过很久(时间段)才.”强调经过的时间长强调经过的时间长It will be long/一段时间一段时间 before+从句从句(一般现在时一般现在时)It was long/一段时间一段时间 before+从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时)“没过很久
7、(时间段)就没过很久(时间段)就”强调经过的时间短强调经过的时间短It will not be long/一段时间一段时间 before+从句从句(一般现在时一般现在时)It was not long/一段时间一段时间 before+从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时)当当before引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时,全句译引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时,全句译为为“来不及来不及就就”或或“不等不等就就”。(三三)before的惯用句型的惯用句型第九页,讲稿共二十七页哦It was not long before I forgot it all.没过多久我就把这事全忘了。没过多久我就
8、把这事全忘了。The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没来得及冲进屋里救他们的孩子房顶就塌了。他还没来得及冲进屋里救他们的孩子房顶就塌了。It will be five years before we meet again.我们要五年之后才会再见面。我们要五年之后才会再见面。第十页,讲稿共二十七页哦(四四)till,until的用法的用法 两者都表示两者都表示“直到直到.”,基本上可以互换,但是,基本上可以互换,但是till不能放句不能放句首首。当表示主句动作当表示主句动作延续到某时才停
9、止延续到某时才停止时,时,主句主句用用肯定肯定句。句。当表示主句动作当表示主句动作到某时才开始发生到某时才开始发生时,主句用时,主句用否定否定句,即句,即not.until.,Not until 从句或短语放从句或短语放句首句首时,其主句要时,其主句要部部分倒装分倒装。第十一页,讲稿共二十七页哦Ill stay here until/till 12:00.(stay这个动作延续到这个动作延续到12:00就停止,就停止,主句用肯定主句用肯定)I wont leave here until 12:00.(leave这个动作到这个动作到12:00才发生,才发生,主句用否定主句用否定)Not unti
10、l 12:00 will I leave here.His mother didnt go to bed until he came back home.Not until he came back home did his mother go to bed第十二页,讲稿共二十七页哦(五五)by the time(到到.时时)引导的时间状语从句,如果引导的时间状语从句,如果从句从句谓语动词用谓语动词用一般过去时一般过去时,主句主句的谓语动词用的谓语动词用过去完成时过去完成时;如果如果从句从句谓语动词用谓语动词用一般现在时一般现在时,主句谓语动词用,主句谓语动词用将来完将来完成时。成时。By t
11、he time you came back,I had finished this book.By the time you come back,I will have finished this book.第十三页,讲稿共二十七页哦Sb was doing sth when.某人正在做某事时突然某人正在做某事时突然.Sb was about to/going to do sth when.某人将要做某事时突然某人将要做某事时突然.Sb was on the point of doing sth when.某人刚要去做某事时某人刚要去做某事时突然突然.Sb had just done sth
12、when.某人刚做完某事突然某人刚做完某事突然.I was about to leave when the telephone rang.We were having supper when the bell rang.第十四页,讲稿共二十七页哦目的状语从句目的状语从句常用的词组常用的词组so that,in order that(以便以便.;为了;为了.);for fear that,in case(that)(以防以防.;以免;以免.)so that/in order that引导的从句常带有引导的从句常带有情态情态动词,动词,in order that从句可放从句可放主句之前或之后主句之
13、前或之后,so that从句只能放从句只能放主句后主句后。Ill speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand me.He took a raincoat with him for fear that it might rain.第十五页,讲稿共二十七页哦结果状语从句结果状语从句so.that和和such.that(如此如此.以至于以至于.)的用法的用法so+adj/adv+that从句从句so+adj+a/an+可数名词可数名词单数单数+that从句从句so+many/much/few/little+可数名词可数名词复数复数/不可
14、数不可数名词名词+that从句从句such+a/an+adj+可数名词可数名词单数单数+that从句从句such+adj+可数名词可数名词复数复数/不可数不可数名词名词+that从句从句so和和 such引导的部分引导的部分放放句首句首时,主句用时,主句用部分倒装部分倒装第十六页,讲稿共二十七页哦这种玩具是如此可爱,以至于很畅销。这种玩具是如此可爱,以至于很畅销。It is such a lovely toy that it sells well.It is so lovely a toy that it sells well.Such a lovely toy is it that it s
15、ells well.So lovely a toy is it that it sells well.第十七页,讲稿共二十七页哦 1.no matterwh与与whever(无论无论、不管、不管)no matterwh只可只可引导引导让步让步状语从句,状语从句,whever则既可引导则既可引导让步让步状语从句,又能引导状语从句,又能引导名词性名词性从句。当从句。当whever引导让步状语从句时,可与引导让步状语从句时,可与no matterwh互换。互换。Well have to finish the job,however long it takes.不管花费多少时间,我们都得必须完成这份工
16、作。不管花费多少时间,我们都得必须完成这份工作。(however long it takes是让步状语从句,相当于是让步状语从句,相当于no matter how long it takes)Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.无论谁救的这个溺水的女孩都值得赞扬。无论谁救的这个溺水的女孩都值得赞扬。(whoever引导主语从句,不能改成引导主语从句,不能改成no matter who)让步状语从句让步状语从句第十八页,讲稿共二十七页哦however和和whatever引导让步状语从句的语序:引导让步状语从
17、句的语序:however+adj/adv+主语主语+谓语谓语whatever+n+主语主语+谓语谓语However hard he worked,he failed the English examination.Whatever a hard-working student he was,he failed the English examination.第十九页,讲稿共二十七页哦2.as引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句although和和though引导的让步状语从句可以换成引导的让步状语从句可以换成as引导的让步状语从句,引导的让步状语从句,即:原从句的表语即:原从句的表语adj 和
18、和n(不带冠词不带冠词)、状语、状语(副词副词)+as+原从句其余原从句其余的部分的部分,主句主句谓语动词谓语动词(动词原形动词原形)+as+从句的其余部分从句的其余部分(常带常带may/might),主句主句Although he is a child,he knows a lot.Child as he is,he knows a lot.Although it was raining heavily,he rushed out.Heavily as it was raining,he rushed out.Try as he might,he could not find a job.不
19、管他怎么努力,他还是找不到工作。不管他怎么努力,他还是找不到工作。第二十页,讲稿共二十七页哦方式状语从句方式状语从句3.whether.or.不管不管.还是还是.,无论,无论.还是还是.Whether you believe it or not,it is true.All people,whether they are old or young,rich or poor,have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.as if/as though引导的方式状语从句一般要求用引导的方式状语从句一般要求用
20、虚拟语气虚拟语气,从句动词用从句动词用一般过去时一般过去时表表现在现在(be动词用动词用were),用用过去完过去完成时成时表表过去过去。但从句陈述的情况实现的可能性很大时,可。但从句陈述的情况实现的可能性很大时,可用陈述语气。用陈述语气。第二十一页,讲稿共二十七页哦A is to B what C is to D“A与与B的关系等同于的关系等同于C与与D的的关系关系”空气与人的关系就如同水和鱼的关系一样重要。空气与人的关系就如同水和鱼的关系一样重要。Just as water is to fish,so air to man.Air is to man what water is to fi
21、sh.第二十二页,讲稿共二十七页哦比较状语从句比较状语从句1.adj/adv比较级比较级+than.比比.更更.I know you better than he does.2.as(so)+adj/adv原级原级+as.与与.一样一样.(否定句常用否定句常用so.as.)Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is).=Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is).I can run as fast as you(can).He worked as fast as a skilled worker(did).第二十三页,讲稿共二十
22、七页哦3.The+adj/adv比较级比较级.,the+adj/adv比较级比较级.“越越.越越.”The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.The longer you stay,the better it will be.The busier he is,the happier he feels.The more you read,the better you will understand.第二十四页,讲稿共二十七页哦使用状语从句要注意的问题:使用状语从句要注意的问题:1.在条件状语从句在条件状语从句(if/unless)
23、,时间状语从句时间状语从句(when/before/until/till/as soon as/the moment/once),让让步状语从句步状语从句(no matter+wh/whever)中,用中,用一般现一般现在时在时表表将来将来。Ill tell him the news as soon as he comes back.Well go with you if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Wherever he is,he will be thinking of you.第二十五页,讲稿共二十七页哦2.有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句,如果有些时间、地点
24、、条件、方式或让步状语从句,如果从句从句的主语的主语与与主句主语主句主语一致一致(或是(或是it),从句的谓语从句的谓语又包含又包含be动动词词,就可省略,就可省略从句的从句的“主语主语+be”部分。部分。常见的省略的形式:常见的省略的形式:if possible如果可能的话,如果可能的话,if not如如果不是这样的话,果不是这样的话,if so如果是这样的话,如果是这样的话,if any 如果有的如果有的话,话,if in need如果需要的话,如果需要的话,if necessary如果有必要的如果有必要的话话第二十六页,讲稿共二十七页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第二十七页,讲稿共二十七页哦