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1、Unit 4 Friends forever Using language教学设计科目：英语 课题：Using language 课时：1课时教学目标与核心素养：1. Lead the students to understand the structure and function of the restrictive attributive clauses.2. Lead the students to understand and use the relative pronouns that, which, who, whom and whose in the context3. Lea
2、d the students to understand the content of general topics related to friendship and be able to use the attributive clauses appropriately.4. Lead the students to initially recognise the importance of friendship and the way to get along with friends, and form a healthy interpersonal relationship教学重难点
3、教学重点：1.Lead the students to understand the basic structure of the attributive clauses.2.Lead the students to appropriately express ideas, and describe people and things by using the attributive clauses.教学难点：1.Lead the students to use correct relative pronouns to introduce the restrictive attributive
4、 clauses.2.Lead the students to use the attributive clauses in the real context.3.Lead the students to recognise the importance of friendship, think about ways to get along with friends form a healthy interpersonal relationship.课前准备：多媒体，黑板，粉笔教学过程：一、Pre-reading1. Greeting2. Leading-in教师活动：教师请学生欣赏英文歌曲
5、 Thats why you go away. 教师将歌曲的歌词展示并且向学生提问这是什么从句。(1) Love is one big illusion that I should try to forget.(2) Youre the one who set it up now.(3) Im the one who is feeling lost right now.(4) Now you want me to forget every little thing that you said.二、While- reading学生活动：完成活动1。a We can.stay in touch w
6、ith the people that we want to remain friends with.b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interestAsk the students to read the sentences in the first box and pay special attention to the words in bold. Then ask the students to answer questions 1-2.1. What does that refer to i
7、n sentence (a)? The people.2. What does who refer to in sentence (b)? People.Ask the students to compare the sentences in the second box with those in the first box. Then ask the students to answer questions 3-5.c We can.stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with them.d The digital ag
8、e also enables us to find people. These people share our interests.3 What is the difference between the two groups of sentences?Sentences (a) and (b) both contain a clause defining a noun in each sentence. Sentences (c) and (d) are each constructed with a pair of simple sentences, with one defining
9、a noun that appears in the other sentence in each pair.4 Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (b) in the reading passage?Because there is a closer link and connection between people and the clause defining it in sentences (a) and (b).It also makes the passage clearer, and creates an e
10、mphatic effect on the people or things being defined.5 What other words are used to introduce attributive clauses? What do they refer to?Other words used to introduce attributive clauses include which, whom and whose. They can refer to an object or a thing, a person as the object of an action and th
11、e relationship of belonging.More sentences with attributive clauses in the reading passage:. the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them. people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.教师活动：语法讲解一、定语从句的基本概述：复合句中用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一名词或代词而起定语作用的从句叫定语
12、从句；定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。按照关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句进行附加说明，主从句的关系并不十分密切，如果省略非限制性定语从句，主句的意义仍然完整清楚，而且主句和从句之间往往用逗号隔开。二、关系代词的用法被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词；连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且也充当定语从句中的一个成分。关系代词除了指代主句中的先行词外，同时还在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时可以省略；但关系代词作介词宾语，而且
13、介词提到它的前面时，关系代词不能省略。关系代词的用法如下表所示：关系代词修饰的先行词从句中所作的成分Who人主语，宾语Whom人宾语Whose人或物定语That人或物主语，宾语，表语Which物或事主语，宾语，表语，定语As 人，物或事主语，宾语，表语1. who, whom的用法who和whom引导定语从句，二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中只作宾语。在现代英语中，跟特殊疑问句一样，作宾语时可以用who代替whom。2. whose引导定语从句，既可指人也可指物，它表示先行词和它所修饰的词是所属关系，在定语从句中作定语。I want to help the chi
14、ldren whose parents died in the earthquake.我想帮助那些父母在地震中丧生的孩子们。We must repair the desks whose legs are broken.我们必须修理断了腿的桌子。除了用whose表所属关系以外，在whom和which之前加of也可以表示所属关系（即：of whom，of which）。这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词，放在of whom, of which之前或之后均可。例如：I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake.= I wa
15、nt to help the children of whom the parents died in the earthquake.= I want to help the children the parents of whom died in the earthquake.3.which的用法which引导定语从句用来指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，偶尔作定语。The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。（which在从句中作主语
16、）Do you remember the holiday (which) we spent together？你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗？（which在从句中作宾语）He was not sick, which some of the other passengers were.他没有生病，但有些其他旅客却病了。（which指代形容词sick，在从句中作表语）4.that的用法that引导定语从句，既可指人也可指物，指人时可与who或whom互换，指物时可与which互换。在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略；作介词的宾语时介词不能提到that之前。Jane is no long
17、er the person（that/who/whom）I worked with several years ago.珍妮不再是几年前我共事的那个人了。（that, who, whom在从句中作宾语）This is the supermarket that/which sells a variety of goods.这就是那个卖各种各样的商品的超市。（that, which在从句中作主语）5.as的用法as引导定语从句主要用于两种情况：一种是限制性定语从句，先行词由as, so, such, the same修饰；一种是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句，即as指代整个主句的内容。（1）
18、as引导限制性定语从句，先行词前有as，so，such，the same修饰。当先行词前有as，so，such，the same等修饰时，关系代词常用as，它在从句中作主语或宾语。Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。（as作从句的主语）You may take as many chairs as you need.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。（as作need的宾语）My parents have not so mu
19、ch money as I want.我父母没有我需要的那么多钱。（as作want的宾语）He made the same mistake as you made in the last exam.在上次考试中，他犯了跟你相同的一个错误。（as作made的宾语）（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词就是整个主句，它在定语从句中作主语、宾语。它引导的从句可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后，还可以位于主句中间。As everybody knows, Shakespeare was a great English writer.众所周知，莎士比亚是一
20、位伟大的英国作家。（从句在主句之前，as作从句的宾语）Tom is a brave boy, as is described in the report.汤姆是一个勇敢的男孩，这正如在报道中描述的那样。（从句在主句之后，as作从句的主语）The project, as we had expected, got along well.正如我们所预料的那样，工程进展顺利。（从句在主句中间，as作从句的宾语）as引导非限制性定语从句时，常见的固定表达：as we all know众所周知as I can remember正如我所记得的as often happens这经常发生as we expect
21、正如我们预料的那样as you see这一点你明白as has been said before如前所述解as is well known众所周知as was expected正如预料的那样as can be seen看得出来as may be imagined正如可以想象出来的那样as has been said above如上所述as we all can see正如我们都能看到的那样as is often the case情况常常如此as everybody can do正像人人都能做到的那样学生活动：完成活动2。Rewrite the underlined sentences with
22、 that, which, who, whom or whose.1. Ask the students to read the passage and get the main idea of the passage.2. Ask the students to read the underlined sentences carefully and rewrite them.3. Check the answers with the class.Suggested answers:1. Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.2. S
23、o I learnt a new language which/that allows me to speak with my hands.3. Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.4. I sometimes have problems (that/which) I cant solve.5. Lucy is a good listener (whom/who/that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.学生活动：完成活动3。Complete the online foru
24、m post with that, which, who, whom, or whose.Walk and Talk is a group 1 _ meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone 2 _ weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers 3 _ love walking and making new friends.We want you to join us! The next walk 4_ is open to ne
25、w members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone 5_ you bring must be over 12 years old.Come along and join the fun!Suggested answers:1. that/which2. whose3. who/that4. which/that5. whom/who完成活动4 5。Friendship soup Like any good soup, this wont fail to make you smile when you
26、re feeling down.All you need to get started is a box of love.Pour it into a pot and mix it with five grams of smiles.Next, add:two cups of trust, one spoon of encouragement, three spoons of helpfulness,three cups of good conversation, one pack of similar interests, one glass of comfort, two drops of
27、 patience, one bag of passion, one piece of generosity,. and a slice of humour !Match the words in bold in Activity 4 to the dictionary entries._ noun U an act of being kind, especially by giving things to others_ noun U a feeling that shows you believe that someone is honest and fair_ noun U a stro
28、ng feeling of love or interest_ noun U a quality that offers help to others_ noun U words or actions that make people feel better_ noun U the quality of being funny and understanding funny situations_ noun U words or actions that give someone support and hope_ noun U the ability to wait without beco
29、ming anxious or angry参考答案：generosity trust passion helpfulness comfort humour encouragement patience三、After-readingWork in pairs. Talk about the keywords of your Friendship soup and create your own recipe. Come up with more words if you can. 参考答案：ability, ambition, attraction, bravery, carefulness,
30、confidence , cooperation, creativity, dedication, diligence, discipline, duty, energy, enterprise, frankness, independence, intelligence, kindness, logic, modesty, objectiveness, optimism, perseverance, politeness, punctuality, responsibility, selflessness, support, sincerity steadiness, tirelessness.四、Summary 总结课上所学五、Homework 完成本节课同步练习