山东省2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破九 并列句和复合句.doc

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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语山东版年高考第二轮复习英语山东版九、并列句和复合句九、并列句和复合句真题试做真题试做1(2012 山东高考,25)It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card inthis store.AhowBwhetherCwhatDwhy2(2012 山东高考,27)He smiled politely _Mary apologized for her drunkenfriends.AasBifCunlessDthough3(2011 山东高考,23)Find ways to praise your chi

2、ldren often,_ youll findthey will open their hearts to you.AtillBorCandDbut4(2011 山东高考,26)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is _he never finishes anything.AthatBwhenCwhereDwhy5(2011 山东高考,32)The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ arebuilt close to each other.AtheyBwhereCwha

3、tDthat6(2010 山东高考,26)Before the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids willneed for the coming season.AwhyBwhatChowDwhich考向分析考向分析从近几年高考试题可以看出,对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1 考查并列句中 and,but,or 等连词的选用,表示原因的 for 与从属连词 because,since的区别,以及 when 和 while 作为并列连词的用法,做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。2考查名词性从句中引导词的选用,区分 what,th

4、at,whever,whether,if 等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。尤其是把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查,增加了试题的难度。3考查定语从句中引导词的选用,重点是关系代词与关系副词的辨别,以及“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,其中对 as,which,whose 用法的考查呈上升趋势。定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。另外还要特别注意以下两种定语从句:(1)以抽象地点名词(mark,situation,case,point,scene,business 等)和抽象时间名词(occasion 等)作先行词的定语从句中关系词的使用。(2)“隔

5、离型”定语从句。即运用插入语、介词或副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词,以达到增加试题难度的效果。4考查状语从句中引导词的选用,其中时间、条件、地点、让步状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的语意及逻辑关系,注意区分不同从属连词的语义功能和语法功能。热点例析热点例析考点一:butbut,whilewhile,howeverhowever 的区别but 表示意义的转折;while 既表示转折又表示对比;however 为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。I like football,while my sister likes basketball.She has

6、 difficulty in learning English;however,she works hard and is makingrapid progress.-2-【典例分析】(2011 全国高考,25)Someone wants you on the phone._ nobody knows I am here.AAlthoughBAndCButDSo答案为 C 项。根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选 C 项。句意:有人给你打电话。可是没有人知道我在这儿。(2012 四川高考,4)At school,some students are active_some are shy,

7、yet theycan be good friends with one another.AwhileBalthoughCsoDas答案为 A 项。句意:在学校里,有些学生很积极,然而有些很害羞。但他们彼此都可能成为好朋友。while 用作并列连词时表示转折对比,意为“然而”,符合句意。考点二:“祈使句and/orand/or陈述句”句型在该句型中,前面的祈使句表示了条件,后面的陈述句表示了结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义,中间的连词用 and,相当于“if 条件状语从句主句”;如果前、后句表示转折意义,中间的连词用 or,相当于“否定的 if 条件状语从句主句”。如:Work hard and

8、you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.)Hurry up,or well be late.(If we dont hurry up,well be late.)在上面的句型中,有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词词组。如:One more word and I will beat you.【典例分析】(2011 辽宁高考,31)Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyllsoon open.AorBandCbutDfor答案为 B 项。该题为“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型。根据题意判断前后句为

9、顺承关系,所以选连词 and。考点三:并列连词 whenwhen 和 forfor 的用法1when 可用作并列连词,表示“就在这时;就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。如:We were ready to rush away,when the snake moved.2for 可用作并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。如:We had better stay at home,for it was raining.【典例分析】(2011 浙江高考,4)One Friday,we were packing to leave for aweekendaway _ my daughter heard cries

10、 for help.AafterBwhileCsinceDwhen答案为 D 项。句意:有一个星期五,我们正在收拾行李去度周末,这时我的女儿听到求救声。be doing.when.表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)”。考点四:主语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever 等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,尤其要注意 what 引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如:What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unkno

11、wn.2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.3连词 that,whether(不用 if)无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。如:That he will come and help you is certain.Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.4what 引导主语从句时为连接代词,有意义,表示“的东西;的事情”,既起引导作用,又

12、在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;that 引导主语从句时为连词,无意义,只起引导作用,不在从句中作成分,但不可省略。-3-【典例分析】(2012 上海高考,38)Weve only got this small bookcase.Will thatdo?No,_ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich答案为 C 项。分析句子成分可知,is 之前为主语从句,从句中 am looking for 缺少宾语,故选 what 表示“的东西”。句意:我们只有这个小书橱了,这可以吗?不行,我要找的是

13、大一点而且再结实一点的东西。(2012 天津高考,9)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.AwhetherBhowCifDwhen答案为 A 项。句意:在十字路口,你是向右拐还是向左拐都无所谓,两条路都通向那个公园。根据句中的 or 判断应选 A 项引导主语从句,构成 whether.or.结构表示选择关系。该句中 It 为形式主语,真正的主语是 whether you turn right or left at the crossing。(2012 江西高考

14、,25)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in theoffice.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat答案为 D 项。句意:他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。分析句子结构可知 It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句,that 引导主语从句在从句中不作成分,但不能省略。考点五:表语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whose,what,which 等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:Thats just what I want.The question is who will be

15、the next president of France.2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:This is where our problem lies.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.3连词 that,whether(不用 if),as if,as though 无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。如:The problem is that they cant get here early enough.The point is whether we should lend him the m

16、oney.It looks as if its going to rain.【典例分析】(2011 陕西高考,15)Id like to start my own businessthats _Id do if I had the money.AwhyBwhenCwhichDwhat答案为 D 项。thats 后面的表语从句不完整,do 缺少宾语,可排除连接副词 why 和 when;which 意为“哪一个”,不合句意;答案为 D 项,what Id do 意为“我要做的事情”。(2010 江苏高考,35)I prefer shutting myself in and listening t

17、o music all dayon Sundays.Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.AwhereBhowCwhenDwhat答案为 A 项。根据句意判断应选 A 项,由 where 引导表语从句。句意:那就是我不同意之处。考点六:宾语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,what 引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中-4-考查的频率最高。如:In ones own home

18、 one can do what one likes.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.【典例分析】(2012 福建高考,35)We promise _ attends the party a chance tohave a photo taken with the movie star.AwhoBwhomCwhoeverDwhomever答案为 C 项。promise sb.sth.意为“向某人承诺某事”,此处指的是向参加聚会的任何人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,所以应选 whoever 引导宾语从句,相当于 anyone who

19、。(2012 陕西高考,20)As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose_ suits you best.AwhateverBwhicheverCwheneverDwherever答案为 B 项。whatever 意为“无论什么”;whichever 意为“无论哪一个”;whenever意为“无论何时”;wherever 意为“无论何处”。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语,且根据句意可知应选 B 项。句意:提供的课程多达五种,你可以选择最适合你的任意一种。2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等

20、有意义,在从句中作状语。如:Do you know where the accident happened?She always thinks of how she can work well.【典例分析】(2010 全国高考,10)Have you finished the book?No.Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere答案为 D 项。“_ the children discover the secret cave”在句中作介词 to 的宾语,由于从句中不缺少主语和宾语

21、,可排除 A、B 项的连接代词;根据句意判断,所选的词应该在从句中作地点状语,故选 where,表示“我读到孩子们发现神秘山洞的地方了”。(2012 四川高考,17)Scientists study_human brains work to make computers.AwhenBhowCthatDwhether答案为 B 项。句意:科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制造出电脑的。该句中说明的是大脑运转的方式,因此应选 how 引导该宾语从句。3连词 that,whether,if 无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。与 or not 连用常用 whether,而不用 if;作介词宾语要

22、用 whether 不能用 if;从句是否定句时一般用 if引导。如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money.He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.【典例分析】(2012 北京高考,24)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently.AwhyBhowCthatDwhether答案为 C 项。句意:杰瑞不后悔作出评论,但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所

23、填部分在句中引导宾语从句,且从句中不需要成分和意义,所以选 C 项。考点七:同位语从句的引导词1 同位语从句常放在 fact,idea,truth,hope,wish,problem,question,information,news,belief,thought,doubt,message,order,promise,word,evidence,reply,answer,possibility,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request 等名词后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明,通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。2同位语从句大多由 that 引导,也可

24、以由 when,where,how,whether 等引导。近几年主要考查的是 that 引导的同位语从句。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.3引导同位语从句的 that 只起引导作用,无意义也不在从句中作成分,但一般不可省-5-略;引导定语从句的 that 既起引导作用,又在从句中作主语或宾语,本身含有先行词的意义,作宾语时常可省略。如:The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位语从句。that在从句中不作成分,从句说明了 i

25、dea 的内容。)The idea(that)you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句。that 含有idea 的意思,在从句中作 put forward 的宾语。)(2012 江苏高考,27)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meetingwould be postponed.AwhenBthatCwhetherDhow答案为 B 项。空后的句意说明了通知的内容,所以选择的是 notice 后面同位语从句的引导词,由于从句意义完整,不需要句子成分,所以应选连词 that。(20

26、12 浙江高考,4)I made a promise to myself _ this year,my first year inhigh school,would be different.AwhetherBwhatCthatDhow答案为 C 项。分析句子结构可知,that 在此处引导同位语从句,解释说明 promise 的内容。that 引导同位语从句时,无意义也不作成分,但不可省略。考点八:定语从句的引导词1关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that,as 可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中充当句子成分。近几年对 which 引导的定语从句考查频率最高,对 whose 引

27、导的定语从句的考查也很常见。(1)who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:He is a man who never leaves todays work till tomorrow.(2)whom 指人,在从句中作宾语,可以用 who 代替或省略,当前面有介词时,不能用 who代替且不能省略。可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:Here is Mr.Smith,whom/who youve been expecting to meet.(3)whose 可指人或物,在从句中作定语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:I live in a room whose

28、window faces south.(4)which 指物,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略,但前面有介词时不省略。如:I have read the bookA Tale of Two Cities,which was written by Charles Dickens.This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.(5)that 可指人或物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略且前面不能有介词,只能引导限制性定语从句。如:The bag that lies on the

29、 ground is hers.The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher.(6)as 引导定语从句时在从句中可作主语或宾语,主要用于 such.as 和 the same.as句型;也可单独引导定语从句修饰整个主句,并可置于主句之前。如:He was strongly against the idea,as/which could be expected.As we all know,the earth travels around the sun.(7)当先行词为指物的不定代词或先行词由最高级、序数词、only,last,very

30、所修饰时,定语从句只能由 that 来引导。(8)当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用 that 引导定语从句。如:Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.当主句是以 which,where,who 引导的特殊问句时,为了避免重复或产生歧义,定语从句关系代词或副词一般用 that 而不用 which,where,who。如:Who is the boy that is playing the piano?(2012 江苏高考,22)After the flooding,people were suffering in tha

31、t area,_urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwho-6-CwhereDwhat答案为 B 项。根据句意判断,需要纯净水、药品和帐篷的是“人”,所以该定语从句修饰的先行词是 people,故选 who 引导该定语从句并在从句中作主语。(2012 天津高考,7)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I wouldnever have got this far.AwhoBwhoseCwhomDwhich答案为 B 项。句意:我想感谢史密斯教

32、授,没有他的帮助,我不可能取得这么大的成就。whose 引导定语从句修饰 Professor Smith,并在从句中作定语修饰 help。(2012 全国高考,8)That evening,_ I will tell you more about later,I endedup working very late.AthatBwhichCwhatDwhen答案为 B 项。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句,可排除 A 项;what 不能引导定语从句,可排除 C 项;从句中的 about 缺少宾语,因此排除关系副词 when,而选 which 引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中作宾语。2关系副词

33、when,where,why 可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中需要时间状语时,引导词用 when,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用 that 或 which。如:I cant remember the date when he went abroad.Do you still remember the time(that/which)we spent together?(2)当先行词是表示地点的名词,从句中需要地点状语时,引导词用 where,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用 that 或 which。如:They will fly to Kun

34、ming,where they plan to stay for two days,and then go toGuilin.Beijing is the place(that/which)I want to visit most.(3)当先行词是 reason,从句中需要原因状语时,引导词用 why,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用 that 或 which。如:I dont know the reason why he was late.No one believes the reason(that/which)he gave us.【典例分析】(2012 浙江高考,9)We live

35、in an age _ more information is availablewith greater ease than ever before.AwhyBwhenCto whomDon which答案为 B 项。句意:我们生活在这样一个时代,在这个时代,与以前相比,更多的信息能更轻而易举地获得。when 引导定语从句修饰 an age,并在从句中作时间状语。(2012 重庆高考,29)Sales director is a position _ communication ability isjust as important as sales skills.AwhichBthatCw

36、henDwhere答案为 D 项。分析句子结构可知 position 后面接定语从句,引导词在从句中作地点状语,因此,应选 where 来引导该定语从句,表示“在这个职位上”。句意:销售总监是一个交际能力和销售技巧同等重要的职位。3“介词which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。(1)当先行词是表示物的名词时,定语从句可由“介词which”引导;当先行词是表示人的名词时,定语从句可由“介词whom”引导。如:Is this the school in which you study?I have met the teacher with whom you just talked a

37、bout your son.(2)选择介词时,首先考虑从句中的短语应该搭配什么介词,其次考虑用什么介词才使从句符合句意和逻辑。(3)介词可以置于 which 或 whom 之前,但不可置于 that,who 或 as 之前。-7-【典例分析】(2012 湖南高考,34)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ eventhe small details of life should be considered.AwhatBin whatCwhichDin which答案为 D 项。句意:心灵关爱是一个逐渐的过程,在此过程中一些生活细节都应当考虑到。proc

38、ess 后面接定语从句,引导词在句中应作地点状语,故用 in which 来引导。(2012 四川高考,13)In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.Ain whomBin themCof whomDof them答案为 C 项。前后两句话之间无连词,不能选用带有 them 的选项;根据句意判断,“一半的学生”为 half of the students,所以应用 of 表示所属关系,即用 of whom 引导定语从句。句意:我们班共有 46 名学生,其中有一半戴眼镜。4当定语从句先行词是 the way 时,如从句中不缺少

39、主语或宾语,则引导词应用 that,in which 或省略引导词;如从句中缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用 that 或 which,引导词作宾语时也可省略。考点九:状语从句的引导词1时间状语从句(1)when,while 和 as当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,用三者均可。when 是最常用词;as 强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while 从句的谓语必须是延续的。如:John sang happily as he went along.While/When John was sitting reading the book,I was working out my study

40、plan.When John arrived,I was cooking lunch.(不用 while)(2)till 和 until用于肯定句时,主句谓语动词必须是延续的;用于否定句时,主句谓语必须是瞬时的;用于强调句型时,必须是 it is not until.that.结构。如:He waited until/till it was dark.He didnt leave until/till it was dark.It was not until I came back that he left.(3)once 和 as soon asonce 意为“一旦,就”,既表示时间,又含有

41、条件意味。as soon as 意为“一,就”,强调时间上紧接。如:Once you have decided,tell me.As soon as they arrived,they began to work.(4)名词短语 every time,the moment,the minute,the second 等和副词 immediately,directly 等可作连词引导时间状语从句,instantly 也可引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”。如:Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.I recognized him

42、immediately I saw him.【典例分析】(2012 全国高考,11)I had hardly got to the office _ my wifephoned me to go back home at once.AwhenBthanCuntilDafter答案为 A 项。hardly.when.相当于 no sooner.than.,表示“一就”,在此句型中,主句常用过去完成时,从句则用一般过去时。句意:我一到办公室,我的妻子就给我打电话要我马上回家。故选 A 项。(2011 江西高考,29)Please call my secretary to arrange a mee

43、ting this afternoon,or_ it is convenient to you.AwheneverBhoweverCwhicheverDwherever答案为 A 项。whenever 意为“无论何时”;however 意为“不论如何;然而”;whichever-8-意为“任何一个”;wherever 意为“无论哪里”。根据句意判断应选关系副词 whenever,在后面的句子中充当时间状语。句意:请打电话给我的秘书今天下午安排一个会议,或者在任何你方便的时候。2地点状语从句由 where 和 wherever 等引导。如:Generally,air will be heavil

44、y polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go,you should work hard.【典例分析】(2012 天津高考,14)Everything was placed exactly _ he wantedit for the graduation ceremony.AwhileBwhenCwhereDthough答案为 C 项。句意:毕业典礼的一切都按照他的想法被安排得井井有条。where 在此引导地点状语从句。3条件状语从句由 if,unless,as/so long as,only if,providing/provided

45、 that,supposing that,in case(that),on condition that 等引导。如:You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.【典例分析】(2012 江苏高考,30)Ones life has value _ one brings value tothe life of others.Aso thatBno matter howCas long asDex

46、cept that答案为 C 项。A 项意为“目的是为了,结果”;B 项意为“不论如何,无论怎样”;C 项意为“只要”;D 项意为“除了”。根据前后句的逻辑关系判断应选 C 项。句意:一个人只要给别人的生活带来价值,那这个人也就活得有价值。(2012 福建高考,30)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the presentdifficulties _ it gets more financial support from the European Union.AifBunlessCbecauseDsince答案为 B 项。if 意为

47、“如果”;unless 意为“如果不,除非”;because 意为“因为”;since“自从,由于”。句意:除非希腊政府能得到欧盟更多的财政支持,否则它很难克服目前的困难。4原因状语从句由 because,as,since,now that 等引导。because 为常用词,且说明的是直接原因,并可回答 why 引导的问句;as,since 和 now that 语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。如:Why are you late today?Because I didnt catch the bus.【典例分析】(2012 重庆高考,30)Coach,can I conti

48、nue with the training?Sorry,you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.AuntilBbeforeCasDunless答案为C项。until和before用来引导时间状语从句;as引导时间或原因状语从句;unless引导条件状语从句。由句意可知,“你的膝盖上的伤还没有恢复”是不能参加训练的原因,所以选 as 引导原因状语从句。句意:教练,我能继续训练吗?对不起,你不能,因为你的膝盖上的伤还没痊愈。5让步状语从句由 though,although,even if,even though,whoever.,n

49、o matter who.等引导。如:He wont listen whatever you may say.No matter how hard he tried,he could not change her mind.-9-as 和 while 也可引导让步状语从句。as 引导让步状语从句时,从句须以形容词、名词或动词(原形)等开头,整个从句须置于主句之前;while 引导让步状语从句时,一般从句在前主句在后。如:Much as I respect him,I cant agree to his proposal.While I like the color of the hat,I d

50、o not like its shape.【典例分析】(2012 课标全国高考,25)I dont believe weve met before,_ Imust say you do look familiar.AthereforeBalthoughCsinceDunless答案为 B 项。therefore 意为“因此,所以”;although 意为“尽管,虽然”;since 意为“由于,既然,自从”;unless 意为“除非,如果不”。根据前后句的逻辑关系判断应选B 项引导让步状语从句。句意:尽管我要说你真的看起来很眼熟,但是我认为我们以前没见过面。(2012 北京高考,21)Look

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