2013年高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破九 并列句和复合句.doc

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1、-1-20132013 年高考第二轮复习英语全国版专题整合突破年高考第二轮复习英语全国版专题整合突破九、并列句和复合句九、并列句和复合句真题试做真题试做1(2012课标全国高考)It is by no means clear_the president can do to endthe strike.AhowBwhichCthatDwhat2(2012课标全国高考)I dont believe weve met before,_ I must say youdo look familiar.AthereforeBalthoughCsinceDunless3(2012课标全国高考)You hav

2、e to move out of the way _ the truck cannotget past you.AsoBorCandDbut4(2012北京高考)Look at those clouds!Dont worry._ it rains,well still have a great time.AEven ifBAs thoughCIn caseDIf only5(2012上海高考)There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usuallyserved by frankness.AwhyBwhichCthatDwhether考向分析考向

3、分析从近几年高考试题可以看出,对于并列句和复合句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1考查并列句中 and,but,or 等连词的选用,表示原因的并列连词 for 与从属连词because,since 的区别,以及 when 和 while 作为并列连词的用法,做题时一定要明确前后句的逻辑关系和语境意义。2考查名词性从句中引导词的选用,区分 what,that,whever,whether,if 等连接代词和连接副词的语义功能和语法功能。尤其是把名词性从句与定语从句放在一起进行综合考查,增加了试题的难度。3考查定语从句中引导词的选用,重点是关系代词与关系副词的辨别,以及“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句

4、,其中对 as,which,whose 用法的考查呈上升趋势。定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句和强调结构的综合考查也是考查的热点。另外还要特别注意以下两种定语从句:(1)以抽象地点名词(mark,situation,case,point,scene,business 等)和抽象时间名词(occasion 等)作先行词的定语从句中关系词的使用。(2)“隔离型”定语从句。即运用插入语、介词或副词短语等手段使先行词远离关系代词或关系副词,以达到增加试题难度的效果。4考查状语从句中引导词的选用,其中时间、条件、地点、让步状语从句是考查的重点。一定要把握主句、从句间的语意及逻辑关系,注意区分不同从属连词的

5、语义功能和语法功能。热点例析热点例析考点一:butbut,whilewhile,howeverhowever 的区别but 表示意义的转折;while 既表示转折又表示对比;however 为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。如:I like football,while my sister likes basketball.-2-She has difficulty in learning English,however,she works hard and is makingrapid progress.【典例分析】(2011全国高考)Someone wants you on

6、 the phone._ nobody knows I am here.AAlthoughBAndCButDSo答案为 C 项。根据句意可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选 C 项。句意:有人给你打电话。可是没有人知道我在这儿。(2012四川高考)At school,some students are active_some are shy,yet theycan be good friends with one another.AwhileBalthoughCsoDas答案为 A 项。句意:在学校里,有些学生很积极,然而有些很害羞。但他们彼此都可能成为好朋友。while 用作并列连词时表示转折

7、对比,意为“然而”,符合句意。考点二:“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型在该句型中,前面的祈使句表示了条件,后面的陈述句表示了结果。如果前后句表示顺延意义,中间的连词用 and,相当于“if 条件状语从句主句”;如果前、后句表示转折意义,中间的连词用 or,相当于“否定的 if 条件状语从句主句”。如:Work hard and you will succeed.(If you work hard,you will succeed.)Hurry up,or well be late.(If we dont hurry up,well be late.)在上面的句型中,有时前面的祈使句可省略为名词

8、词组。如:One more word and I will beat you.【典例分析】(2011辽宁高考)Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyllsoon open.AorBandCbutDfor答案为 B 项。该题为“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型。根据题意判断前后句为顺承关系,所以选连词 and。考点三:并列连词 whenwhen 和 forfor 的用法1when 可用作并列连词,表示“就在这时;就在那时(突然发生了某事)”。如:We were ready to rush away,when the snake moved.2for 可用

9、作并列连词,表示补充说明的原因。如:We had better stay at home,for it was raining.【典例分析】(2011浙江高考)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekendaway_ my daughter heard cries for help.AafterBwhileCsinceDwhen答案为 D 项。句意:有一个星期五,我们正在收拾行李去度周末,这时我的女儿听到求救声。be doing.when.表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)”。考点四:主语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whom,whose,wh

10、ich,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,尤其要注意 what 引导的主语从句是高考命题的热点。如:What he wants to tell us is not clear.Who will win the match is still unknown.2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.3连词 that,whether(不用

11、if)无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。如:That he will come and help you is certain.Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.4what 引导主语从句时为连接代词,有意义,表示“的东西;的事情”,既起-3-引导作用,又在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;that 引导主语从句时为连词,无意义,只起引导作用,不在从句中作成分,但不可省略。如:【典例分析】(2012上海高考)Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do?No,_

12、I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.AwhoBthatCwhatDwhich答案为 C 项。分析句子成分可知,is 之前为主语从句,从句中“.looking for”缺少宾语,故选 what 表示“的东西”。句意:我们只有这个小书橱了,这可以吗?不行,我要找的是大一点而且再结实一点的东西。(2012天津高考)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park.AwhetherBhowCifDwhen答案

13、为 A 项。句意:在十字路口,你是向右拐还是向左拐都无所谓,两条路都通向那个公园。根据句中的 or 判断应选 A 项引导主语从句,构成 whether.or.结构表示选择关系。该句中 It 为形式主语,真正的主语是 whether you turn right or left at the crossing。(2012江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in theoffice.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat答案为 D 项。句意:他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。分析句子结构可知 It 是形式主语,

14、真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句,that 引导主语从句在从句中不作成分,但不能省略。考点五:表语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which 等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:Thats just what I want.The question is who will be the next president of France.2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:This is where our problem lies.That is why he didnt come to the m

15、eeting.3连词 that,whether(不用 if),as if,as though 无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。如:The problem is that they cant get here early enough.The point is whether we should lend him the money.It looks as if its going to rain.【典例分析】(2011陕西高考)Id like to start my own businessthats _Id do if I had the money.AwhyBwhenCwhichD

16、what答案为 D 项。thats 后面的表语从句不完整,do 缺少宾语,可排除连接副词 why 和 when;which 意为“哪一个”,不合句意;答案为 D 项,what Id do 意为“我要做的事情”。(2010江苏高考)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all dayon Sundays.Thats_I dont agree.You should have a more active life.AwhereBhowCwhenDwhat答案为 A 项。根据句意判断应选 A 项,由 where 引导表语从句。句意:那就是

17、我不同意之处。考点六:宾语从句的引导词1连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever-4-等有意义,在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,what 引导宾语从句在近几年高考试题中考查的频率最高。如:In ones own home one can do what one likes.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.【典例分析】(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the party a chance to havea ph

18、oto taken with the movie star.AwhoBwhomCwhoeverDwhomever答案为 C 项。promise sb.sth.意为“向某人承诺某事”,此处指的是向参加聚会的任何人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,所以应选 whoever 引导宾语从句,相当于 anyone who。(2012陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose_ suits you best.AwhateverBwhicheverCwheneverDwherever答案为 B 项。whatever 意

19、为“无论什么”;whichever 意为“无论哪一个”;whenever意为“无论何时”;wherever 意为“无论何处”。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语,且根据句意可知应选 B 项。句意:提供的课程多达五种,你可以选择最适合你的任意一种。2连接副词 when,where,why,how 等有意义,在从句中作状语。如:Do you know where the accident happened?She always thinks of how she can work well.【典例分析】(2012四川高考)Scientists study_human brains work to

20、 makecomputers.AwhenBhowCthatDwhether答案为 B 项。句意:科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制造出电脑的。该句中说明的是大脑运转的方式,因此应选 how 引导该宾语从句。(2010湖南高考)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in theoffice knew _ she was so angry.AwhereBwhetherCthatDwhy答案为 D 项。句意:辛迪重重地关上门,突然大哭起来。办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。由句意可知,从句中缺少原因状语,故选 D 项。3连词

21、 that,whether,if 无意义或意义不完整,在从句中不担任成分。与 or not 连用常用 whether,而不用 if;作介词宾语要用 whether 不能用 if;从句是否定句时一般用 if引导。如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money.He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.【典例分析】(2012北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently.

22、AwhyBhowCthatDwhether答案为 C 项。句意:杰瑞不后悔作出评论,但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中引导宾语从句,且从句中不需要成分和意义,所以选 C 项。考点七:同位语从句的引导词1 同位语从句常放在 fact,idea,truth,hope,wish,problem,question,information,news,belief,thought,doubt,message,order,promise,word,evidence,reply,answer,possibility,advice,suggestion,proposal,deman

23、d,request 等名词后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明,通常指的是前面名词的内容或含义。2同位语从句大多由 that 引导,也可以由 when,where,how,whether 等引导。近几年主要考查的是 that 引导的同位语从句。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.-5-3引导同位语从句的 that 只起引导作用,无意义也不在从句中作成分,但一般不可省略;引导定语从句的 that 既起引导作用,又在从句中作主语或宾语,本身含有先行词的意义,作宾语时常可省略。如:The idea that one c

24、an do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位语从句。that在从句中不作成分,从句说明了 idea 的内容。)The idea(that)you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定语从句。that 含有idea 的意思,在从句中作 put forward 的宾语。)(2012江苏高考)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meetingwould be postponed.AwhenBthatCwhetherDhow答案为 B 项。空后的句意说明了

25、通知的内容,所以选择的是 notice 后面同位语从句的引导词,由于从句意义完整,不需要句子成分,所以应选连词 that。考点八:定语从句的引导词1关系代词 who,whom,whose,which,that,as 可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中充当句子成分。近几年对 which 引导的定语从句考查频率最高,对 whose 引导的定语从句的考查也很常见。(1)who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:He is a man who never leaves todays work till tomorrow.(2)whom 指人,在从句中作宾语,可以用 who 代替

26、或省略,当前面有介词时,不能用who 代替且不能省略。可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:Here is Mr.Smith,whom/who youve been expecting to meet.(3)whose 可指人或物,在从句中作定语,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。如:I live in a room whose window faces south.(4)which 指物,可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略,但前面有介词时不省略。如:I have read the bookA Tale of Two Cities,which was writt

27、en by Charles Dickens.This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.(5)that 可指人或物,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略且前面不能有介词,只能引导限制性定语从句。如:The bag that lies on the ground is hers.The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher.(6)as 引导定语从句时在从句中可作主语或宾语,主要用于 such.as 和 the same.as句型;也可单独引导定语从句修饰整个主

28、句,并可置于主句之前。如:He was strongly against the idea,as/which could be expected.As we all know,the earth travels around the sun.(7)当先行词为指物的不定代词或先行词由最高级、序数词、only,last,very 所修饰时,定语从句只能由 that 来引导。如:Finally,the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.All that is needed is a supply of oil.The f

29、irst thing that we should do is to work out a plan.This is the very dictionary that I want to find.(8)当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用 that 引导定语从句。如:Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.当主句是以 which,where,who 引导的特殊问句时,为了避免重复或产生歧义,定语从句关系代词或副词一般用 that 而不用 which,where,who。如:Who is the boy that is pl

30、aying the piano?(2012江苏高考)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,_urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhat-6-答案为 B 项。根据句意判断,需要纯净水、药品和帐篷的是“人”,所以该定语从句修饰的先行词是 people,故选 who 引导该定语从句并在从句中作主语。(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I

31、 wouldnever have got this far.AwhoBwhoseCwhomDwhich答案为 B 项。句意:我想感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助,我不可能取得这么大的成就。whose 引导定语从句修饰 Professor Smith,并在从句中作定语修饰 help。2关系副词 when,where,why 可用来引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。(1)当先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中需要时间状语时,引导词用 when,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用 that 或 which。如:I cant remember the date when he went abroad.Do you

32、 still remember the time(that/which)we spent together?(2)当先行词是表示地点的名词,从句中需要地点状语时,引导词用 where,但从句中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用 that 或 which。如:They will fly to Kunming,where they plan to stay for two days,and then go toGuilin.Beijing is the place(that/which)I want to visit most.(3)当先行词是 reason,从句中需要原因状语时,引导词用 why,但从句

33、中需要主语或宾语时,引导词用 that 或 which。如:I dont know the reason why he was late.No one believes the reason(that/which)he gave us.【典例分析】(2012浙江高考)We live in an age _ more information is availablewith greater ease than ever before.AwhyBwhenCto whomDon which答案为 B 项。句意:我们生活在这样一个时代,在这个时代,与以前相比,更多的信息能更轻而易举地获得。when 引

34、导定语从句修饰 an age,并在从句中作时间状语。(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability isjust as important as sales skills.AwhichBthatCwhenDwhere答案为 D 项。分析句子结构可知 position 后面接定语从句,引导词在从句中作地点状语,因此,应选 where 来引导该定语从句,表示“在这个职位上”。句意:销售总监是一个交际能力和销售技巧同等重要的职位。3“介词which/whom”可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句。(1)当先行词是表示物的名词时,

35、定语从句可由“介词which”引导;当先行词是表示人的名词时,定语从句可由“介词whom”引导。如:Is this the school in which you study?I have met the teacher with whom you just talked about your son.(2)选择介词时,首先考虑从句中的短语应该搭配什么介词,其次考虑用什么介词才使从句符合句意和逻辑。(3)介词可以置于 which 或 whom 之前,但不可置于 that,who 或 as 之前。【典例分析】(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual proc

36、ess _ eventhe small details of life should be considered.AwhatBin whatCwhichDin which答案为 D 项。句意:心灵关爱是一个逐渐的过程,在此过程中一些生活细节都应当考虑到。process 后面接定语从句,引导词在句中应作地点状语,故用 in which 来引导。4当定语从句先行词是 the way 时,如从句中不缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用 that,in which 或省略引导词;如从句中缺少主语或宾语,则引导词应用 that 或 which,引导词作-7-宾语时也可省略。考点九:状语从句的引导词1时间状语从句

37、(1)when,while 和 as当主句动作是瞬时、从句动作是延续的时,用三者均可。when 是最常用词;as 强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while 从句的谓语必须是延续的,不能是一点时间。如:John sang happily as he went along.While/When John was sitting reading the book,I was working out my study plan.When John arrived,I was cooking lunch.(不用 while)(2)till 和 until用于肯定句时,主句谓语动词必须是延续的;用于

38、否定句时,主句谓语必须是瞬时的;用于强调句型时,必须是 it is not until.that.结构。如:He waited until/till it was dark.He didnt leave until/till it was dark.It was not until I came back that he left.(3)once 和 as soon asonce 意为“一旦,就”,既表示时间,又含有条件意味。as soon as 意为“一,就”,强调时间上紧接。如:Once you have decided,tell me.As soon as they arrived,th

39、ey began to work.(4)名词短语 every time,the moment,the minute,the second 等和副词 immediately,directly 等可作连词引导时间状语从句,instantly 也可引导时间状语从句,意为“一就”。如:Every time I listen to your advice,I get into trouble.I recognized him immediately I saw him.【典例分析】(2012全国高考)I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phonedme to

40、 go back home at once.AwhenBthanCuntilDafter答案为 A 项。hardly.when.相当于 no sooner.than.,表示“一就”,在此句型中,主句常用过去完成时,从句则用一般过去时。句意:我一到办公室,我的妻子就给我打电话要我马上回家。故选 A 项。(2011江西高考)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,or_ it is convenient to you.AwheneverBhoweverCwhicheverDwherever答案为 A 项。whenev

41、er 意为“无论何时”;however 意为“不论如何;然而”;whichever意为“任何一个”;wherever 意为“无论哪里”。根据句意判断应选关系副词 whenever,在后面的句子中充当时间状语。句意:请打电话给我的秘书今天下午安排一个会议,或者在任何你方便的时候。2地点状语从句由 where 和 wherever 等引导。如:Generally,air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go,you should work hard.【典例分析】(2010重庆高考)Today,we wi

42、ll begin _ we stopped yesterdayso that no point will be left out.AwhenBwhereChowDwhat答案为 B 项。根据句意判断,应选 where 引导地点状语从句,表示“今天我们将在昨天停下来的地方开始”。3条件状语从句-8-由 if,unless,as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case(that),on condition that 等引导。如:You will certainly succeed so long as yo

43、u keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.【典例分析】(2012江苏高考)Ones life has value _ one brings value to thelife of others.Aso thatBno matter howCas long asDexcept that答案为 C 项。A 项意为“目的是为了,结果”;B 项意为“不论如何,无论怎样”;C 项意为“只要”;D 项意为“除了”。根据前后句的逻辑关系判断应选 C 项。句意:一个人只要给别人的生活

44、带来价值,那这个人活得也就有价值。4原因状语从句由 because,as,since,now that 等引导。because 为常用词,且说明的是直接原因,并可回答 why 引导的问句;as,since 和 now that 语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。如:Why are you late today?Because I didnt catch the bus.【典例分析】(2012重庆高考)Coach,can I continue with the training?Sorry,you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee

45、 injury.AuntilBbeforeCasDunless答案为C项。until和before用来引导时间状语从句;as引导时间或原因状语从句;unless引导条件状语从句。由句意可知,“你的膝盖上的伤还没有恢复”是不能参加训练的原因,所以选 as 引导原因状语从句。句意:教练,我能继续训练吗?对不起,你不能,因为你的膝盖上的伤还没痊愈。5让步状语从句由 though,although,even if,even though,whoever.,no matter who.等引导。如:He wont listen whatever you may say.No matter how hard

46、 he tried,he could not change her mind.as 和 while 也可引导让步状语从句。as 引导让步状语从句时,从句须以形容词、名词或动词(原形)等开头,整个从句须置于主句之前;while 引导让步状语从句时,一般从句在前主句在后。如:Much as I respect him,I cant agree to his proposal.While I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.【典例分析】(2012湖南高考)_ I always felt I would pass the exam,I

47、 neverthought I would get an A.AWhileBOnceCIfDUntil答案为 A 项。句意:尽管我一直感觉我会通过这次考试,但从没想过会得一个 A。while常放于句首引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”。once 意为“一旦”;if 意为“如果”;until意为“直到”。(2011陕西高考)_all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosenfor the post.ASinceBWhileCIfDAs答案为 B 项。while 意为“虽然;尽管”,相当于 though 或 although。句意:虽然

48、他们都是强有力的候选人,但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务。6目的状语从句由 so that,in order that 等引导,从句中常用 should,could,might 等情态动词。如:-9-He spoke loud in order that/so that we could hear him.in case,for fear that 也可引导目的状语从句。如:Take your umbrella in case it rains.He is working hard for fear that he(should)fail.【典例分析】(2012辽宁高考)Leave your k

49、ey with your neighbor _ you lockyourself out one day.Aas long asBeven thoughCin caseDas if答案为 C 项。句意:将你的钥匙留给你的邻居,以防你某天会把自己锁在外面。as longas 意为“只要”;even though 意为“即使”;in case 意为“以防万一”;as if 意为“好像”。根据句意判断 C 项正确。7结果状语从句由 such.that,so.that,so that 等引导。其中的 so 为副词,such 为形容词。具体使用句式有 7 种。soadj.adv.adj.a/ann.单数

50、many/much/few/littlen.thatsucha/anadj.n.单数n.复数n.不可数that(1)修饰形容词或副词只能用 so。如:This film is so moving that I want to see it again.He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him.(2)修饰可数名词单数可用 so 或 such。用 so 时,修饰名词的形容词在冠词之前,即 so 作状语修饰形容词,形容词作定语修饰名词;用 such 时,形容词在冠词与名词之间,作为一个整体看作名词短语,即 such 作定语修饰名词短语。如:T

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