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1、高中英语高三一轮语法复习学案之虚拟语气 英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设，主观愿望，猜测，建议，可能或空想等非真实情况。I虛拟语气定义:虚拟语气表示说的话a.不是事实或者不是可能发生的情况， b.而是一种愿望、 建议或者与事实相反的假设II.条件句中虚拟语气a.形式: 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的。时间从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式将来1） did (be 动词用were)2） should+do3） were to + dowould/should/might/could+ do现在did (were)wo
2、uld/should/might/could+ do过去had+donewould/should/might/could+ have doneb.条件句中 的虚拟语气的注意要点 (1)省略if的虚拟条件句的用法a) .当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had等词提到主语前面，置于句首形成倒装。如:Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.Were she here, she would agree with us.b).注意:当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，
3、谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用 was代替were。但在倒装虛拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如:Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad(2)混合虚拟语气错综时间条件句有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作所指的时间不一致, 须主句、从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。If they had informed us, we would not come here now.从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。:If
4、 he knew her, he would have greeted her.从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子是事实和假设的混合。 I would have gone to visit him in the ho
5、spital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。宾语从句的虚拟语气a.动词wish后的宾语从句，意为:“但.希望. .就好了”对现在虚拟: wish + (that)+did(were) : I wish I were ten years younger now. 对过去虚拟: wish + (that)+had done : I wish I had met him yesterday.对将来虚拟: wish + would/
6、could/might +do : I wish I would be a scientist in the future.b. would rather从句的虚拟语气对现在将来虚拟: I would rather sb. did sth.对过去虚拟: I would rather sb. + had donec.在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形should可以省略一个坚持 insist;两个命令order, command;三条建议suggest . advise, propose; 六项要求demand, request, require
7、, ask; urge. desire + (that) sb (should) do sth. 注意: suggest表暗示表明时insist 表坚持认为时;不用虚拟语气IV.主语从句的虚拟语气a) It is/was + adj.(important, necessary, natural, right, strange, surprising.) + that sb. (should) do sth.b) It is /was + n.(a pity/a shame/ no wonder) + that sb (should) do sth.c)It is/was +desired su
8、ggested/demanded/required/ requested + that sb. (should) do sth.5其他从句的虚拟用法a) It is (high, about, low) time + that点did/ should do sth. (should不可省略) b) as if引导的表语从句:从句内容与过去事实想反，谓语动词had done:从句内容与现在事实想反，谓语动词过去式，be 动词常用were:She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child.c) as if, as though引导的状
9、语从句，用法和表语从句相同。He talked as if he had been to many places in the world.d)For fear that, in case等引导的目的状语从句，用should+do, should 可省略。 Bring some money in case you should use it.e)用without; otherwise; but for (如果不是因为)= If it were not for/If it hadnt beenShe wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt h
10、ave left the meeting so early. 6.need/should(ought to/could/may/might)+have+过去分词”You are late again. You could have come earlier.You shouldnt have failed this timeYou neednt have told him. He knew about it already. 7表示祝愿时，常用may +主语+ do。May you have a good journey!May you succeed!单句语法填空1. But for the
11、 teachers help, I_(fail) in the exam last week2.The manager insisted that the new employees _(train) first.3.The doctor suggested the patient_(operate) on without delay.4.She put forward a suggestion that we_(go) for an outing this Sunday.5_(be) you a physicist, you could examine some interesting kn
12、owledge of physics behind hula-hooping using just a pencil and a rubber band.6.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we_(have) a good time together.7. In fact, 56 years ago there was only one tree 1eft. But without that tree, there_(be) no miracle Saihanba today.8.There is a good social life i
13、n the village, and I wish I_(have) a second chance to become more involved.9.If I_(study) hard in the past few weeks (pass) the exam easily tomorrow.10. Look at the trouble you are in! If only you _(take)my advice.11.Its time that you_(collect) your daughter from the school.12.Tom is always busy. Je
14、nnifer would rather he_ (stay) at home and_(do)the housework13 Its important that you_(ask) your parents for advice.14. It is ordered that the soldiers_(set) off at once.15. What a shame! If only I_(inform) him of the news.16. It is often requested that students _(arrive) at school before 8am.17. Th
15、e smile on her face suggested that she_(be) happy at school.18. His order is that the rules_(obey) by everyone anytime.Keys:1.would have failed2. (should)be trained3.(should) be operated4. (should)go5.Were6.wouldhave had7.would be8.had9 had studied; would pass10.had taken11. .collected/should collec
16、t12. stayed; did13.(should) ask14. (should)set15.had informed16. (should) arrive17.was18. (should) be obeyed语法填空How time flies! It has been more than one year since I became a high school student. I still remember the things that happened on my first school day as if they 1_ (happen) yesterday. That
17、 day, an excellent senior student was asked to deliver a speech to share his learning methods with us. He said that it was necessary that we 2_(take) notes carefully while listening to teachers in class. Besides, he suggested that we 3_(be) active in class and exchange ideas about our studies 4_othe
18、rs after class. I think his advice is very useful and I have benefited a lot from itEvery time I mention it to my good friend Lisa, she will say that she would rather she 5_ (listen) to the senior students speech as well. If she hadnt been seriously ill, she wouldnt 6_(be) absent from school on the
19、first day. Lisa and I are good fiends because we have 7_same interests and both of us like our English teacher Mrs. Li very much. We wish we were 8_tall, beautiful and knowledgeable as Mrs. Li. Besides. Mrs. Li treats us so well that it seems as if she 9_(be) our mother. Without Mrs. Lis help, we wouldnt have made such great progress in English I enjoy my high school life and I wish all of you could enjoy 10_(your) as well.Keys:1. happened 2. ( should) take 3. (should) be 4. with 5. had listened 6.have been 7.the 8.as 9. were 10.yours