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1、Unit 3 Sports and fitnessPronunciation【学习目标】复习巩固语调(intonation)预习案【学习过程】Step 1: 自主学习任务一:Read aloud and mark the intonation. 要求:通过网络,书籍总结英语语调知识。1. Is this your book? 2.Are you from America?Yes, it is. Yes, I am.No, it isnt. No, I am not.3.Does he work in a bank?4.May I go with you?5.Lets count our boo
2、ks. One, two, three, four, five .6.Wed like a bottle of coffee, two bottles of apple juice, a hamburger and two cakes.7.I like running, swimming, skating and fishing .任务二:自学教材独立完成书中37页的Pronunciation练习题。标注出不理解的地方。探究案【合作探究】1. 检查学生的预习情况。纠正读音2.头脑风暴:How many intonations are there in English?What are they
3、?How to use them? 【知识探究】语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语的基本语调包括升调()和降调(),它们还可以组合成降升调、升降调和升降升调。用不同的语调读句子就会有不同的意思。一、降调一)陈述句陈述句是陈述一件事或者说话者表示自己的看法,它分为肯定句和否定句,一般情况下,都使用降调。例如:1. Beijing is the capital of China.2. There is a book on the desk.3. She didnt come to the party.但是陈述句在某些特殊情况也可以用升调,这时
4、,往往表示说话者对所说事情的怀疑,这种陈述句也被称为是陈述疑问句。例如:She lent him her car. 她把车借给了他。(用以陈述事实)She lent him her car? 她把车借给了他?(表示惊讶、怀疑,含有“Did she really lend her car to him?她真的把车借给了他?之意”)2) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子,常用的疑问词有:what、who、whose、which、when、where、how、why等。句首的疑问词一般重读。例如:1. What do you want to eat? 2. How m
5、uch is a hamburger?3. How does Amy go to school?但是,有一种特殊情况,当一方提出一个问题,而另一方用问句作为回答,这时,这个问句不表示疑问,也就是说这个问句其实不需要回答的,实际上相当于陈述句,但另有含义。例如:A:Are you going to watch TV again? B:What else is there to do?() B反问A一个问题“What else is there to do?”,言下之意是“(除了看电视)还有什么好干的呢?”3) 祈使句祈使句是表示要求、请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱或建议的句子。通常情况下,祈使句用降调。
6、例如:1. Stand up! 2.Close the window!3.Dont make any mistakes! 四)感叹句感叹句是抒发强烈情感,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感叹语气的句子,末尾用感叹号。感叹句有两种结构,分别由what和 how开头。例如:1.What a beautiful car!2.What a nice day! 3. How heavy the box is ! 2、 升调一)一般疑问句一般疑问句是疑问句的一种,是指用yes(是)或no(不是)来回答的句子,结构是“系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分”。一般疑问句用升调,它的简略回答用降调。例如:1. I
7、s this your book? 2.Are you from America?Yes, it is. Yes, I am.No, it isnt. No, I am not.3. Does he work in a bank?4. May I go with you?二)委婉祈使句在肯定的祈使句中,为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、礼貌,可以在句末加上一个简短的问句,如will you、would you、wont you、can you、could you、cant you,最常用的是will you 和wont you。这类祈使句的句末用升调。例如:1. Speak louder, will
8、 you? 2. You dislike English,dont you? 3. Give me a hand,wont you? 有时,句末加了please的祈使句,也可以用升调,表示礼貌。例如:1. Stand up, please. 2. Come with me, please. 三、升降调一)选择疑问句选择疑问句是指提出两种或两种以上情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上情况要用“or”连接,回答时不能用yes 或no,语调是第一种选择用升调,后一种选择用降调。例如:1.Shall we walk or go by bike? 2.Is your car
9、 blue, green, or red?3. Do you go there by bus or by taxi? 二)列举事物数数、列举并列的几项事物或一连串动作时,除了最后面的成分用降调,前面的所有并列成分都用升调。1.Lets count our books. One, two, three, four, five.2.Wed like a bottle of coffee, two bottles of apple juice, a hamburger and two cakes.3.I like running, swimming, skating and fishing.三) 以
10、状语(从句)开头当状语(从句)放在句首或主句之前,一般用升调,表示突出强调。例如:1.After dinner Ill visit my uncle.2.Arriving at the station, we found the train gone.3.When I walked into the room,the telephone rang.四)并列句的两个部分意思联系紧密,前一个分句用升调,后一个分句用降调。1. He opened the door and Mary walked in. 2.The left cup is yours and the right one is min
11、e.4、 降升调反意疑问句前一部分用降调,后面提问部分大部分情况下用升调。例:1.You will go to see films, wont you ? 2.They went to the library, didnt they? 五、降降调部分反意疑问句提问者对所提的问题有很大把握,让对方证实时用降调。例:1.He is from China, isnt he? 2.There are over one thousand people in the hall, arent there?二)并列句的两个部分联系不紧密,或具有同等重要性时,两个分句都用降调。1.We must start n
12、ow or well be late. 2.Ill go to America and Mary will go to Britain.问候、告别、道谢与道歉时的语调问候正常、客气的问候用降调。Good morning. How are you? How do you do? 熟人、朋友互相问候时,或表示活泼、热情时用升调。Good morning. How are you? 告别大部分的告别都用升调。Goodbye.See you later.Good night.道谢正常的感谢用降调。Thank you .Thanks a lot.Thank you very much.比较随和的感谢用升调。Thanks.Thanks a lot.Thank you very much道歉道歉一般用升调或先降后升。Sorry.Im sorry.I do feel sorry for you.I am sorry Im late.