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1、直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）宾语从句）一直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。He said, “ Im a student.” （直接引语 ） He saidthat he was a student.（间接引语）主句从句主句从句二当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。：一随主，二随
2、宾，第三人称不更新。一随主引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主句主语的人称保 持一致He says,” I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much .二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” He told Lily that she must get up early三不用变引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变She said to me ,“ They want to help him” She told me th
3、at they wanted help him（二） 时态变化时态变化宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限主现从不限；主过从四过主过从四过（即 4 种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时） ； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句过去时，从句用主句过去时，从句用相应的过去相应的过去时态。时态。即一般现在时改成 一般过去时；现在进行时改成 过去进行时； 一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只
4、用一般现在时。Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.主句的时态从句的时态例句一般现在时He says所需的任何时态He says,” he likes math very much . He says that he likes math very much一般过去时He said直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a studen
5、t现在进行时过去进行时He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was reading一般将来时过去将来时He said,“he will go home”He said that he would go home一般过去时过去完成时He said， “he went home”He said that he had gone home现在完成时过去完成时He said，“he has gone home” He said that he had gone home过去完成时过去完成时He said，“he had gone home” He said t
6、hat he had gone home(三三)时间状语时间状语变化变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the following week地点状语herethere动词c
7、omebringgotake(四)连接词连接词1从句为陈述句，常选择连接词 that 或将 that 省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词 if 或 whether。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。注意：当 who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他直接引语连接词例句注意事项陈述句that（常省略）He said to me, “ you can help her.” He said to me (that) I could help her.1. 连接词：that2.引述动词 said, s
8、aid to sbtold sb,等一般疑问句if / whether.“是否是否”He asked her, “ Do you love me?” He asked her whether she loved him.1.改为“陈述语序”。2.引述动词 asked3.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置特殊疑问句特殊疑问词：what, who,why,how,which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you?” He asked his wife how she was.He asked me, “ What colo
9、r do you like?” He asked me what color I liked.1.改为“陈述语序”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置祈使句肯定ask (tell) sb.to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” He told Lily to close the door.1. 不用连接词2. 不改变时态。3. 无须考虑语序否定ask (tell) sb.not to do sth.He said to me, “Dont be late.” He asked me not to b
10、e late.注意：注意：1. 语序不变的有：What the matter with you?Whats wrong with you?但 Whats the trouble with you?的语序要变1）从句中有 or / or not 。例：she askswhetherhe stayed 。2.只用 whether2）与不定式 to do 连用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house用法是有区别的
11、，但当 if/whether 同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选 whether3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。或连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。陈述语序中：陈述语序中： be 动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错）can you tell me where the hospital is.(对）2）I dont know whether does he speak Chinese (错）I dont know whether he
12、speaks Chinese (对）3）I am not sure what can he do (错）I am not sure what he can do (对）中考考点：时态、语序、连接词中考考点：时态、语序、连接词练习题练习题一、填空，每空一词：1.“I am having supper,” he said.He said that _ having supper.2.“Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she sai
13、d.She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4.The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ be
14、fore five.7.“I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mothe
15、r?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days.12“Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She t
16、old me _ _ _ out of the window.15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.二、选择：1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bringB. broughtC. bringD. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not playB. not to playC. playedD. playi
17、ng3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know howB. Why do you knowC. How you know whyD. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it isB. it is whatC. how it isD. it is how5. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to
18、see her off.A. not to comeB. not to goC. to not comeD. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goesB. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goesD. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; takeB. asked; takingC. told; takeD. to
19、ld; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is thisD. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked her _.A. that whether she had finished her homeworkB. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homeworkD. that if she had
20、 finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doingB. what he doingC. what he is doingD. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. when did he beginB. when he beganC. he when beganD. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrowB. what the weather w
21、ould be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrowD. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they wereB. how excited were theyC. how they were excitedD. they were how excited14. She told m
22、e that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen offB. have seen offC. have been seen offD. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times _ to Australia?A. had you beenB. did you goC. have you beenD. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that manB. who that man isC. whom that ma
23、n isD. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language areB. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language isD. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A
24、. was; hadB. was; had hadC. is; haveD. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or notB. if; notC. whether; or notD. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his carB. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his carD. he spent in his car答
25、案一、填空1. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词 I 要变为 he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时 am having 变为过去进行时 was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引语中的 said to sb 在变为间接引语时应改为 told sb；现在完成时 have seen 改为过去完成时 had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词 I 应变为 she；一般过去时 went 改为过去完成时 hadgone。4. is。直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时
26、时态不变。5. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时 met，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时 had met；时间状语 yesterday应改为 the day before6. had, there。如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词 must，变为间接引语时用 had to；地点状语 here 相应地改为 there。7. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时 bought，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时 had bought；时间状语 twoweeks ago 应改为 two weeks before。8. asked, if (whether), before。当直接引
27、语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时 said 应改为 asked，然后加上连接词if 或 whether；时间状语 last week 改为 the week before。9. told, could。根据句意第一空应用动词 told；直接引语中含有情态动词 can，变为间接引语时应改为 could。10. how, she, had。如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用 how 引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，一般过去时改为过去将来时。11. where, I, had, those。直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时仍用 where 引导，疑问句语序改为陈述句语序，现在完成时改为过
28、去完成时，指示代词 these 相应地变为 those。12. if (whether), I, lived。直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时应用 if 或 whether 引导，人称 you 和动词时态 lives 也相应地变为 I 和 lived13. told, to, keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用 ask tell, order sb to do sth 这一结构进行转换。14. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用 ask tell, order sb not to do sth这一结构进行转换。15. asked, if (whether), that。根据所给的句子，直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词应用asked；再用 if 或 whether 引导宾语从句，批示代词 this 相应地变为 that。二、选择答案15DBDAB; 610CDBCC；1115BBAAD；1620BCACC