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1、关于动词的分类关于动词的分类第一页,讲稿共三十二页哦 2 2、知识清单、知识清单知识网络知识网络易混点清单易混点清单模拟题详解模拟题详解1 1、中考前瞻、中考前瞻中考前瞻中考前瞻4 4、题组训练、题组训练3 3、中考真题、中考真题动词的分类动词的分类中考真题中考真题第二页,讲稿共三十二页哦中考前瞻中考前瞻 动词的语法现象较为复杂,难度较大,是中考重动词的语法现象较为复杂,难度较大,是中考重点考查的内容之一。了解动词的分类及各自的语法功点考查的内容之一。了解动词的分类及各自的语法功能,要特别注意动词的语法意义、不同词形和固定搭能,要特别注意动词的语法意义、不同词形和固定搭配。配。第三页,讲稿共三
2、十二页哦 动词动词.动词短语辨动词短语辨析析情态动词情态动词1 1、动词分类、动词分类实义动词实义动词易混点易混点系动词系动词助动词助动词 动词的分类动词的分类第四页,讲稿共三十二页哦动词的分类动词的分类 动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类:实义动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类:实义(行为行为)动词,连系动词,动词,连系动词,助动词和情态动词。助动词和情态动词。一、实义动词(行为动词)一、实义动词(行为动词)实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又实义动词意义完整,能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语,又可细分为:及物动词和不及物动词。可细分为:及物动词和不及物
3、动词。1 1、及物动词、及物动词(vt.)(vt.)及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意义完整。(1 1)动词)动词+宾语宾语I I like this booklike this book very much.very much.我非常喜欢这本书。我非常喜欢这本书。(2 2)动词)动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补We We call the bird Pollycall the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟我们叫那只鸟Polly.Polly.I I saw the children playsaw the children play
4、in the park yesterday.in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。注意:带省略注意:带省略toto的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:makemake、letlet、havehave、seesee、watchwatch、noticenotice、hearhear等。等。第五页,讲稿共三十二页哦2 2、不及物动词、不及物动词(v(vi i.).)不及物动词本身意义完整,无需接宾语。不及物动词本身意义完整,无需接宾语。Horses Horses runrun fast.fast.马跑得快。马跑
5、得快。They They workwork in a factory.in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。他们在一家工厂工作。(1 1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We We studystudy English.English.我们学习英语。(及物)我们学习英语。(及物)We We studystudy hard.hard.我们学习努力。(不及物动词)我们学习努力。(不及物动词)Boys Boys flyfly kites.kites.男孩们放风筝。(及物)男孩们放风筝。(及物)Birds can Birds can flyfl
6、y.鸟会飞。鸟会飞。(不及物)(不及物)(2 2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词,它的作用等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。等于一个及物动词,要注意积累。动词动词+介词介词Look atLook at the blackboard.the blackboard.看黑板。看黑板。Listen toListen to me carefully.me carefully.仔细听我讲。仔细听我讲。此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词
7、和介词之间。在动词和介词之间。第六页,讲稿共三十二页哦动词动词+副词副词He He turned offturned off the light when he left.the light when he left.他离开时把灯关了。他离开时把灯关了。He He picked it uppicked it up and gave it to me.and gave it to me.他把它捡起来,并给了我。他把它捡起来,并给了我。注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词前注意:代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前,当宾语是名词时,放在副词前后均可。后均可。动词动词+副
8、词副词+介词介词Lets Lets go on withgo on with the work.the work.让我们继续这项工作吧。让我们继续这项工作吧。He He gets along well withgets along well with his classmates.his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。他与他的同学们相处得很好。注意:宾语只能放在介词之后。注意:宾语只能放在介词之后。动词动词+名词名词+介词介词He He takes pride intakes pride in doing a job well.doing a job well.他以做好工作而
9、自豪。他以做好工作而自豪。Please Please pay attention topay attention to the phrases in the article.the phrases in the article.请注意文章中的词组。请注意文章中的词组。注意:这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。注意:这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语,宾语只能放在介词之后。第七页,讲稿共三十二页哦be+be+形容词形容词+介词介词We We are proud ofare proud of being Chinese.being Chinese.我们都为是中国人而感到骄傲。
10、我们都为是中国人而感到骄傲。She She is satisfied withis satisfied with what I said.what I said.她对我说的话感到满意。她对我说的话感到满意。(3 3)延续性动词和非延续性动词)延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如livelive,staystay,studystudy,workwork,keepkeep,teachteach等,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。等,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。We have We have livedlived in China since 20
11、01.in China since 2001.自从自从20012001年以来,我们一直住在中国。年以来,我们一直住在中国。You can You can keepkeep the book for two weeks.the book for two weeks.你可以借这本书两周。你可以借这本书两周。第八页,讲稿共三十二页哦非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,如非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一经发生便立即结束,如buybuy,lendlend,borrowborrow,diedie,beginbegin,stopstop,finishfinish,arrivearrive,jo
12、injoin,gogo,comecome,catchcatch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。He He has been herehas been here for five days.for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。他已经到这儿五天了。(这里不能用(这里不能用has arrived herehas arrived here)The film The film has been onhas been on for ten
13、minutes.for ten minutes.电影已经开始十分钟了。电影已经开始十分钟了。(这里不能用(这里不能用has begunhas begun)第九页,讲稿共三十二页哦二、系动词二、系动词 系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词有:常见的系动词有:bebe,become(become(变成变成),get(get(成为,变得成为,变得),look(look(看上去看上去),seem(seem(似乎,好像似乎,好像),turn(
14、turn(变得变得),sound(sound(听起来听起来),smell(smell(闻起来闻起来),taste(taste(尝起来尝起来),feel(feel(感觉感觉),keep(keep(保持保持)。这些词没有被动语态形式,也不用于进行时态。这些词没有被动语态形式,也不用于进行时态。Mr.Wang Mr.Wang seemsseems very angry.very angry.王先生好像很生气。王先生好像很生气。This kind of cloth This kind of cloth feelsfeels soft.soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。这种布料摸起来很柔软。The flo
15、wer The flower smellssmells sweet.sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。这朵花闻起来很香。Now my dream Now my dream becomesbecomes true.true.现在我的梦想实现了。现在我的梦想实现了。You must You must keepkeep healthy.healthy.你必须保持健康。你必须保持健康。第十页,讲稿共三十二页哦三、助动词三、助动词 助动词助动词(v.aux.)(v.aux.)本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独用作谓语。助动词有助动词有bebe,havehave
16、,shall(should)shall(should),will(would)will(would)和和dodo。助动词在句中与实。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。1 1、助动词、助动词bebe(amam,isis,areare,waswas,werewere)(1 1)“助动词助动词be+be+现在分词现在分词”构成进行时。构成进行时。The students The students are playingare playing games.games.学生们正在玩游戏。学生们正在玩游戏。They asked
17、me what They asked me what I was doingI was doing all afternoon.all afternoon.他们问我整个下午一直在干什么。他们问我整个下午一直在干什么。(2 2)“助动词助动词be+be+过去分词过去分词”构成被动语态。构成被动语态。The baby The baby was putwas put in bed by his mother.in bed by his mother.这个婴儿被他妈妈放在床上。这个婴儿被他妈妈放在床上。The invitation The invitation was receivedwas rece
18、ived yesterday.yesterday.请帖是在昨天收到的。请帖是在昨天收到的。第十一页,讲稿共三十二页哦2 2、助动词、助动词havehave(hashas,hadhad)+过去分词,构成完成时。过去分词,构成完成时。He He has livedhas lived in Beijing since he was born.in Beijing since he was born.自他出身以来,他一直住在北京。自他出身以来,他一直住在北京。3 3、助动词、助动词dodo或其相关形式用于构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强说或其相关形式用于构成疑问句、倒装句、否定句、加强说话的语气及代替
19、前面刚出现的动词等。话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。-Do you live in China?-Do you live in China?你住在中国吗?你住在中国吗?-Yes,I-Yes,I dodo.是的,我住在中国。是的,我住在中国。He He didntdidnt go to see the film last Sunday.go to see the film last Sunday.上星期他没去看电影。上星期他没去看电影。4 4、助动词、助动词willwill和和shallshall用于构成将来时。(用于构成将来时。(shallshall仅用于第一人称,仅用于第一人称,willw
20、ill可用于各可用于各种人称)种人称)There There willwill be more trees in one hundred years.be more trees in one hundred years.一百年后将有更多的树。一百年后将有更多的树。I I shallshall be fifteen years old next birthday.be fifteen years old next birthday.到下一个生日,我就到下一个生日,我就1515岁了。岁了。第十二页,讲稿共三十二页哦四、情态动词四、情态动词 情态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表达情
21、态动词有一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表达说话人的态度。它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语。说话人的态度。它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语。第十三页,讲稿共三十二页哦 易混词辨析易混词辨析1 1、used to do sthused to do sth和和be used to doing sthbe used to doing sth的区别的区别 be used to doing sth.be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事,表示习惯做某事,toto后的动词用后的动词用-ing-ing形式;形式;used to do sth.used to do sth.表示过去
22、常常做某事。如:表示过去常常做某事。如:I I am used toam used to getting up early.getting up early.我习惯早起。我习惯早起。I I used toused to get up at six in the morning.get up at six in the morning.我过去经常在早上六点起床。我过去经常在早上六点起床。注意:注意:be used to do sth.be used to do sth.被用来做什么。被用来做什么。如:如:Pens are Pens are used toused to write.write.钢
23、笔被用来写字。钢笔被用来写字。易混点清单易混点清单第十四页,讲稿共三十二页哦2 2、arrivearrive,getget和和reachreach表示表示“到达到达”时的区别时的区别 arrive in+arrive in+大地点,大地点,arrive at+arrive at+小地点,小地点,get to+get to+地点名词,地点名词,reachreach是及物动词,后边直接跟地点名词。如:是及物动词,后边直接跟地点名词。如:We We arrived atarrived at the village at five in the aftemoon.the village at five
24、 in the aftemoon.我们在下午五点到达了那个村庄。我们在下午五点到达了那个村庄。When did you When did you arrive inarrive in Beijing?Beijing?你们是何时到北京的?你们是何时到北京的?How do you usually How do you usually get toget to school?school?你通常怎样到学校?你通常怎样到学校?When she When she reachedreached the office,the teacher was having a rest.the office,the
25、teacher was having a rest.当她到达办公室时,老师正在休息。当她到达办公室时,老师正在休息。第十五页,讲稿共三十二页哦3 3、borrowborrow,lendlend,keepkeep borrow“borrow“借借”,为非延续性动词,表示主语,为非延续性动词,表示主语“借入借入”某物,常用短语某物,常用短语borrow sth.from sbborrow sth.from sb;lend“lend“借借”,为非延续性动词,表示主语,为非延续性动词,表示主语“借出借出”某物,常用用短语某物,常用用短语lend sth.to sblend sth.to sb;keep
26、“keep“保存;借保存;借”,为延续性动词,表示,为延续性动词,表示“长时间地借长时间地借”。I I borrowedborrowed a book a book fromfrom the school library yesterday.the school library yesterday.昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。Could you Could you lendlend your pen your pen toto me?me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?How long can we How long can we keepkeep
27、 the book?the book?我们能借这本书多久?我们能借这本书多久?第十六页,讲稿共三十二页哦4 4、dressdress,put onput on,wearwear dress sb.dress sb.给某人穿衣服,给某人穿衣服,dress sb.updress sb.up打扮某人;打扮某人;put onput on穿,戴上,穿,戴上,表动作;表动作;wearwear穿着,戴着,表状态,与穿着,戴着,表状态,与“be in”“be in”同义。如:同义。如:The boy The boy dresseddressed himselfhimself quickly.quickly.男
28、孩快速地穿上衣服。男孩快速地穿上衣服。Mother Mother dresseddressed her baby her baby inin a red skirt.a red skirt.母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。The lady The lady dressed herself up dressed herself up and went to the party.and went to the party.这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。Jim Jim put onput on his coat and went out.his coat a
29、nd went out.吉姆穿上大衣出去了。吉姆穿上大衣出去了。Lily is Lily is wearingwearing a red skirt today.a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。第十七页,讲稿共三十二页哦5 5、see,look,watch,readsee,look,watch,read seesee看见,表结果;看见,表结果;looklook看,表动作,不及物动词,后面须加介词看,表动作,不及物动词,后面须加介词atat才能跟宾语;才能跟宾语;watchwatch看(比赛、电视);看(比赛、电视);readread看(书、报
30、),表示阅看(书、报),表示阅读。读。I can I can seesee an apple on the table.an apple on the table.LookLook,there is a kite flying in the sky.,there is a kite flying in the sky.Watching TVWatching TV too much is bad for your health.too much is bad for your health.Mother told her son to Mother told her son to seesee
31、the door.the door.Dont Dont readread books in the sun.books in the sun.第十八页,讲稿共三十二页哦6 6、bring,take,carry,fetchbring,take,carry,fetch bringbring意为意为“带来,拿来带来,拿来”,表示,表示“拿到靠近说话者的地方拿到靠近说话者的地方”;taketake意为意为“拿去,带走拿去,带走”,表示,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方拿到远离说话人的地方”;carrycarry意为意为“扛,搬扛,搬”,用力移动,没有方向性;,用力移动,没有方向性;fetchfetch意为意
32、为“去取,去拿去取,去拿”,表示往返,表示往返拿物。拿物。Please Please taketake the books to the classroom.the books to the classroom.Remember to Remember to bringbring your homework to school tomorrow.your homework to school tomorrow.The bag is very heavy.Please The bag is very heavy.Please carrycarry it to my office.it to my
33、 office.Dont worry.I can Dont worry.I can fetchfetch the key.the key.第十九页,讲稿共三十二页哦7 7、die,dead,death,dyingdie,dead,death,dying diedie意为意为“死死”,是不及物动词,非延续性动词;,是不及物动词,非延续性动词;deaddead意为意为“死死的的”,是形容词,表状态;,是形容词,表状态;deathdeath意为意为“死死”,是名词;,是名词;dyingdying意为意为“垂垂死的,要死的死的,要死的”,是形容词。,是形容词。Her grandfather Her g
34、randfather dieddied last year.last year.她的祖父去年死了。她的祖父去年死了。Her grandfather Her grandfather has been dead fohas been dead for two years.r two years.她的祖父死了两年了。她的祖父死了两年了。His His deathdeath was a great loss to China.was a great loss to China.他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。The poor old man The poor old man
35、 was dyingwas dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。那个可怜的老人快死了。第二十页,讲稿共三十二页哦8 8、speak,say,talk,tellspeak,say,talk,tell speakspeak作为及物动词时,接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言;作为及物动词时,接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言;saysay常跟直接引语常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容;或间接引语,并且表示说的内容;talktalk是不及物动词,常跟介词是不及物动词,常跟介词toto或或withwith,意为,意为“同某同某人谈话人谈话”,也表示具有说话能力;,也表示具有说话能力;telltell意为
36、意为“告诉告诉”,并常与,并常与storystory连用,意为连用,意为“讲故讲故事事”9 9、spend,cost,take,payspend,cost,take,pay spendspend人作主语,指花费时间或金钱,后接人作主语,指花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.on sth.或或(in)doing sth.;cost(in)doing sth.;cost用物用物作主语,意为作主语,意为“值多少钱值多少钱”;taketake可用于固定句型,表示花费时间、金钱,其结构为:可用于固定句型,表示花费时间、金钱,其结构为:ItIt(形式主语)(形式主语)+take/took+take/took
37、+时间金钱时间金钱+to do sth.;pay+to do sth.;pay与介词与介词forfor连用。连用。第二十一页,讲稿共三十二页哦1010、look forlook for,findfind 两个词都有两个词都有“找找”的意思。的意思。look forlook for强调寻找的过程;强调寻找的过程;findfind强强调找的结果。调找的结果。1111、listen tolisten to,hearhear listen tolisten to和和hearhear都有都有“听听”的意思。的意思。listenlisten为不及物动词,与为不及物动词,与toto组成固定搭配,组成固定搭配
38、,强调听的动作;强调听的动作;hearhear强调听的结果。强调听的结果。1212、hunghung,hangedhanged 两个词同为两个词同为hanghang的过去分词。的过去分词。hunghung意为意为“悬挂悬挂”;而;而hangedhanged意为意为“绞死绞死”。1313、lose,fail,beat,winlose,fail,beat,win loselose意为意为“输给某人输给某人”,固定搭配为,固定搭配为lose to sb.;faillose to sb.;fail指指“失败失败”或或“未做未做成某事成某事”;beatbeat意为意为“打败打败”,后接,后接sb.sb.
39、或某支队伍;或某支队伍;winwin意为意为“赢得赢得”,如赢得荣,如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。誉、地位、比赛等。第二十二页,讲稿共三十二页哦1414、loselose,forgetforget,leaveleave loselose意为意为“丢失,失去丢失,失去”;forgetforget意为意为“忘记忘记”,“忘记做某事忘记做某事”为为forget forget to do sth.to do sth.;“leave sth.+“leave sth.+地点地点”意为意为“把某物落在某处把某物落在某处”。1515、think of,think about,think overthink of,
40、think about,think over think ofthink of意为意为“想到想到”;think aboutthink about意为意为“考虑考虑”,宾语,宾语itit或或themthem置置后;后;think overthink over意为意为“仔细考虑仔细考虑”,宾语,宾语itit或或themthem放在中间,一般指考虑问题。放在中间,一般指考虑问题。1616、join,take part in,attendjoin,take part in,attend 三个词都有三个词都有“参加参加”的意思。的意思。join-join-般指加入般指加入“党派党派”或或“组组织织”,如
41、参军、入党等;,如参军、入党等;take part intake part in指参加聚会或活动;指参加聚会或活动;attend-attend-般指出席般指出席会议。会议。1717、turn,get,grow,becometurn,get,grow,become turn turn 一般用于颜色的变化,如一般用于颜色的变化,如turn red/yellowturn red/yellow;天变黑要用;天变黑要用getget或或growgrow;表示天;表示天气变暖或变冷用气变暖或变冷用becomebecome或或getget;天变长或变短一般用;天变长或变短一般用getget。第二十三页,讲稿共
42、三十二页哦 中考真题中考真题1.1.-Why are you standing outside the gate-Why are you standing outside the gate?-My father _ me wait for my aunt from the country here.-My father _ me wait for my aunt from the country here.A.asked B.ordered C.made D.keptA.asked B.ordered C.made D.kept解析:解析:make sb do sthmake sb do st
43、h让某人干某事;让某人干某事;ask sb to do sthask sb to do sth要求某人要求某人做某事;做某事;order sb to do sthorder sb to do sth命令某人做某事;命令某人做某事;keep sb doing keep sb doing sthsth让某人一直做某事。让某人一直做某事。C C第二十四页,讲稿共三十二页哦3.3.-Have you really decided to _the good chance of-Have you really decided to _the good chance of working in the US
44、?working in the US?-Yes.I think I will get a great success in China.-Yes.I think I will get a great success in China.A.give up B.fix up C.put up D.cheer upA.give up B.fix up C.put up D.cheer up解析:解析:give upgive up意为放弃,意为放弃,fix upfix up意为修理,意为修理,put upput up意为挂起、举意为挂起、举起;起;cheer upcheer up意为使高兴。意为使高兴
45、。A A2.2.-Excuse me,when will the Flight CA 980 arrive?-Excuse me,when will the Flight CA 980 arrive?-Wait a minute,please.Ill _ it for you.-Wait a minute,please.Ill _ it for you.A.see B.catch C.check D.readA.see B.catch C.check D.read解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。解析:本题考查动词词义辨析。seesee意为看见;意为看见;catchcatch意为赶上;意为赶上;ch
46、eckcheck意意为检查、核查;为检查、核查;readread意为读。根据句意可知选意为读。根据句意可知选C C项。项。C C第二十五页,讲稿共三十二页哦4.-Whose test paper is it?4.-Whose test paper is it?-Im not sure.It _ be Sams for therere three papers-Im not sure.It _ be Sams for therere three papers without names.without names.A.will B.shall C.should D.mightA.will B.s
47、hall C.should D.might解析:解析:willwill表示将来时,表示将来时,shallshall、shouldshould意为应该,意为应该,mightmight意为可能。意为可能。D D5.-Is this T-shirt Lilys?5.-Is this T-shirt Lilys?-No,it_be hers.Its_small for her.-No,it_be hers.Its_small for her.A.cant;too much B.cant;much tooA.cant;too much B.cant;much tooC.mustnt;too much D
48、.mustnt;much tooC.mustnt;too much D.mustnt;much too解析:解析:cantcant是对现在的情况进行否定猜测;是对现在的情况进行否定猜测;mustntmustnt意为禁止。意为禁止。much toomuch too意为太,后加形容词;意为太,后加形容词;too muchtoo much意为太多,后加不可数名意为太多,后加不可数名词。词。B B第二十六页,讲稿共三十二页哦6 6、-What can we do for the people in Yushu,Qinghai Province?-What can we do for the peopl
49、e in Yushu,Qinghai Province?-Why not _ some clothes?-Why not _ some clothes?A.throw away B.put away A.throw away B.put away C.give away D.take awayC.give away D.take away解析:解析:give awaygive away扔掉;扔掉;put awayput away把把.收好;收好;give awaygive away捐赠;捐赠;take take awayaway拿走。拿走。C C第二十七页,讲稿共三十二页哦D D8.Ive _
50、 all the photos in the drawer,but I still 8.Ive _ all the photos in the drawer,but I still cant find the one you need.cant find the one you need.A.opened up B.given away A.opened up B.given away C.handed out D.looked throughC.handed out D.looked through解析:解析:open upopen up开放,开设;开放,开设;give awaygive a