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1、关于动词不定式句法作用第1页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(1)主语主语 A.It is(was)+adj.(n.)+to do sth B.It+vt.+n.(pron.)+to do sth Its often difficult for me to decide what to do.It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.第2页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(2)表语表语 A.表示预定要发生的动作或未来的可能性或假设 B.说明主语的内容 C.用于正式的指
2、示或命令 He is to return from Paris tomorrow.My job is to wash plates.Three tablets are to be taken twice a day.第3页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(3)宾语宾语 A.接动词不定式做宾语(afford,agree,decide,expect,happen,hope,wish,refuse,etc.)They expected to see the boss soon.B.Subj.+vt.+it+adj.(n.)to do sth.Do you cons
3、ider it better not to go?第4页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(4)宾语补足语宾语补足语 基本结构：Subj.+vt.+sb.+to do sth.(allow,ask,order,want,expect,force,etc)They expected the girl to succeed in the examination.第5页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(5)状语状语 表示目的、结果和原因等 We live to serve the people.Lets hurry so as n
4、ot to be late for the meeting.What have I said to make you so excited?We jumped with joy to hear the news.第6页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(6-1)定语定语(1)A.动宾关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻 辑上的宾语)Do you have anything more to say?(n.+to do.)There is nothing to worry about.(n.+to vi+prep.)Lets find a room to put t
5、he bike in.(n.+to vt+n.+p.)We havent a chair to be seated in.(n.+to be v-ed+p.)I have a letter to write.I have a pen to write with.I have no ink to write in.I have no paper to write on.（注意观察和思考）（注意观察和思考）第7页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日不定式在句子中的作用不定式在句子中的作用(6-2)定语定语(2)B.主谓关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式逻 辑上的主语)He isnt a man to bow b
6、efore difficulties.She was the first person to think of the idea.C.纯粹定语 (被修饰词通常是time,way等）Its time to go home.Is that the best way to solve the problem?第8页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日TO代替整个动词不定式代替整个动词不定式当动词不定式重复前面的某个动词时，可以使用to代替，而省略该动词。I went there because I wanted to(go).I dont dance much now,but I used to(dance
7、)a lot.Anyone who wants to(go for a walk)can go for a walk round Aswan.第9页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日“TO”的省略的省略(1)感觉动词、使役动词后面的 to 常省略，但是被动语态中的 to 不能省略两个动词不定式由 and、or、but、than、except 等连接在一起时，第二个不定式常常省略 to Id like to lie down and go to sleep.Ill do anything but work on a farm.Do you want to have lunch now or wait
8、till later?Its easier to persuade people than(to)force them.第10页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日“TO”的省略的省略(2)口语中，在come、go、run、hurry up等动词后，可用and代替表示目的的动词不定式 Come and have a drink.Would you go and tell them to shut up?had better(not)do sth.would rather do sth(than do sth)Hed rather watch TV than go to see a film.prefe
9、r to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait,he prefers to go home on foot.Why(not)do sth?第11页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构for sb to do sth Its a mistake for us not to help them.The coffee was too hot for me to drink.Its +adj.+of sb to do sth (kind,nice,brave,stupid,clever,etc.)Its kind of y
10、ou to think so much of me.第12页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日be+adj.+to do(sth)be +v-ed +to do sth I was very pleased to see you yesterday.subj.+be +adj.+to do(vt.)(不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语)The question is easy to answer.Shes nice to talk to.Its not a bad place to live in.第13页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日enough和和 tooadj.+enough (for sb)to d
11、o sth He isnt old enough to go to school.too(for sb)to do sth The apple is too high for us to pick.NOTICE:Im too glad to see you.Hes too ready to help you.第14页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态(1)动词不定式与谓语动作同时发生或不定式后发生，动词不定式用一般时态。They invited us to go there next week.动词不定式先于谓语动作发生，动词不定式用完成时态。Hes said to
12、have written a new novel.Im sorry not to have come on Wednesday.第15页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态(2)谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行，动词不定式用进行式。Theyre said to be building a bridge.We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.第16页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动词不定式的被动式动词不定式的被动式(1)含被动的一般情况 She ought to be told about it.Nothing see
13、ms to have been forgotten.This form is to be filled in in ink.there be后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式 Theres a lot of work to do(to be done).第17页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动词不定式的被动式动词不定式的被动式(2)to be seen,to be found等常用在 be 之后 He was nowhere to be seen(found).to blame常用于表示被动的意思“受责怪”Nobody was to blame for the accident.END第18页，讲稿
14、共42张，创作于星期日非谓语动词非谓语动词 之之分分 词词 第19页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日分词作定语（1）现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动的、已经完成的动作。单个分词放在所修饰词之前，分词短语放在所修饰词之后 The broken glass is mine.He fired at the running wolf.Whats the language spoken in Germany?The man speaking German is hi s father.NOTICE:This is the only place left.Most of the peopl
15、e singing/questioned were students.第20页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日分词作定语（2）现在分词一般式被动态与过去分词的异同 A.都表示被动；B.时间不一致 The house being built will be a theatre.The house built with wood is a theatre.含分词的复合词作定语 man-made fibers(人造纤维);a fox-hunting man;well-known scientists;English-speaking countries情感类分词作定语 He spoke in a fri
16、ghtened/frightening voice.他用（自己）害怕的/令人害怕的声音说。第21页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日分词作表语分词可以表示主语所处的状态 The cup is broken.The door remained locked.情感类分词作表语：现在分词：“令人”,“让别人”过去分词：“自己受”We were deeply encouraged.If a story is exciting,you are excited when you read it.His disappointed words proved that you were disappointing.第
17、22页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日分词作宾语补足语分词或分词短语可以用在表示感觉的动词 (see,hear,feel,etc.)以及其它某些动词(find,get,have,etc.)的宾语后面作宾语补足语，此时要注意宾语和宾补之间的关系是主动的还是被动的。I saw two men planting trees.I found trees planted in lines.The maps stolen by the captain were found hidden in a book.第23页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日分词作状语可以表时间、方式、伴随、原因和条件等；分词逻辑主语应该是句
18、子主语；主动意思用现在分词，被动意思用过去分词 She sat at the window reading a novel.Caught in the rain,he was wet.Given more time,Ill work it out.注意个别表达方式 Generally speaking,men can run faster than women.Judging from his expression,hes very angry.连词+分词 Once talked to,you may pretend to be writing.Once talking to him,youl
19、l know he is a good man.第24页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日现在分词的完成式现在分词的完成式现在分词的完成式一般用在状语中，表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在分词完成时不能作定语（此时要用定语从句）Not having found the book,he was very sorry.Having been given such a good chance,I must finish the book.第25页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日分词和不定式的差异分词和不定式的差异作宾语的差异 cross (已经发生)I saw him the street.crossing
20、(正在发生)作定语的差异 now is mine.The house (build)last month is theirs.next month is ours.(being built;built;to be built)第26页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日独立主格结构以及with结构分词作状语，其逻辑主语应该是句子主语；否则，分词前面要加n./pron.构成独立主格结构；n./pron.前面再加上with就是 with结构 The guide leading the way,we set off on foot.He stood there with his hands tied to
21、the fence.END第27页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日非谓语动词非谓语动词 之之动动 名名 词词第28页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日只能接动名词作宾语的动词只能接动名词作宾语的动词下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语：advise,avoid,admit,cant help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,mind,miss,practise,suggest,escape,appreciate,imagine,excuse,celebrate,etc.Imagine not knowing the answer to such an easy question.Im c
22、onsidering accepting your proposal.第29页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日V.+to+v.-ing下列含介词 to 的短语动词后接 v.-ing:look forward to,be used to,refer to,lead to,stick to,pay attention to,devote to,prefer doing to,object to,etc.I look forward to seeing you very much.第30页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日可接可接v.-ing的其它词的其它词在as well as,any/some/no us
23、e(good),like,than等词后可接v.-ing:Why not do something useful,like cleaning the flat?As well as breaking his leg,he hurt his arm.第31页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日带逻辑主语的动名词带逻辑主语的动名词通常由物主代词或名词所有格+v.-ing构成，在口语中有时也用宾格代词或名词 +v.-ing构成，但作主语时，不能用后者。I hope you dont mind my telling you all this.The storm delayed the ships leavin
24、g the harbor.第32页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动名词的主动表示被动动名词的主动表示被动下列动词后接主动的动名词但是表达被动 意义：need,want,require,be worth The bike needs(wants,requires)repairing.(to be repaired)The film is well worth seeing.第33页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日动名词的语态和时态动名词的语态和时态动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，动名词用完成时；根据情况用被动形式：Everyone dislikes being laughed at.You menti
25、oned having been in hospital last year.He said he didnt mind having been left at home.第34页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日能接不定式和动名词的动词（能接不定式和动名词的动词（1）forget(remember)Ill never forget seeing the play in Paris.Dont forget to call me when you get home.stop He stopped to look at the map.Why did you stop working?regret I
26、regret to say that I cannot help you.I dont regret telling him what I thought.go on He went on working without taking a rest After reading the text,he went on to write.第35页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日能接不定式和动名词的动词（能接不定式和动名词的动词（2）mean I mean to leave tomorrow.I wont wait if it means delaying two weeks.like(love,hat
27、e,dislike)I like swimming but I dont like to swim in the swimming-pool.try Try and(to)challenge the champion.I tried sending her flowers but it didnt have any effect.begin(start)(通常接不定式和动名词一样，但是下列情况用to do)It began to rain.(自然现象）She began to understand what he really wanted.（心理情况）She was beginning to
28、 get away.（begin用进行时）第36页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日其它词的情况其它词的情况be afraid Im afraid to tell her.(怕而不敢)Im afraid of telling her.(怕而不愿)allow,advise,forbid,permit,consider We dont allow people to smoke here.(allow sb.to do sth.)We dont allow smoking in the room.(allow doing sth.)He is considered to have done that.比
29、较：mind doing sth;mind sbs doing sth 第37页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日v.-ing属于分词的情况属于分词的情况do+v.-ing go+v.-ing do 与v.-ing 之间一般要有一个“限定词”do some shopping,do a lot of running,do much reading go+v.-ing 中，v.-ing通常是体育娱乐活动 go boating/climbing/dancing/shoppingcatch sb doing sth 撞见，发觉 send sb doing sth (逼)使某人做 The teacher ca
30、ught him sleeping in class.The earthquake sent him rushing out of the room.第38页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日重要的介词重要的介词+v.-ingin doing sth.(when-clause)on doing sth.(as soon as-caluse)by doing sth.without doing sth(if-clause)THE END第39页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日EXERCISES:1.such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to
31、 clean up the river.2.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered3.2.at the door before entering please.4.A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock 3.late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.4.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept4.One learns a language by making mistakes and them.
32、5.A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct6.5.There are five pairs ,but Im at a loss which to buy.7.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing8.6.-Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?9.-enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.10.A.Get B.Getting C.To ge
33、t D.To be getting (ADABBC)11.第40页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日7.A computer does only what thinking people .A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it done8.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the .A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dol
34、lars9.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children.A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up10.the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from11.the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given12.11.European football is played in 80 countries,it the most popular 13.sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 14.12.How about the two of us a walk down the garden?15.A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking (ADBAAC)第41页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日感感谢谢大大家家观观看看26.09.202226.09.2022第42页，讲稿共42张，创作于星期日