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1、关于英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题完整版现在学习的是第1页，共27页一、独立主格结构的构成形式一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 1、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-ingV-ing这这种种构构成成形形式式内内部部的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是分分词词的的动动作作执执行行者者，分分词词表表示示的的动动作作不不是是整整句句主主语语发发出出的的动动作作，而而是是其其逻逻辑辑主主语语发发出出的的动动作作。如：如：1)._no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was A现在学习的是第2页，共27页2)_no bus,w
2、e had to walk home.A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is B C D现在学习的是第3页，共27页2 2、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-edV-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。该构成形式内部的逻辑主语
3、是分词的动作承受者。1)1)_,the train started.A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2)_,the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given A D 现在学习的是第4页，共27页3)_,the text became easier for us to
4、learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words4)_,the text became easier for us to learn.A.When new words were explainedB.Explaining new words C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words BA现在学习的是第5页，共27页3、逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）该结构相
5、当于一个未带动词的该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主主系系表表”结构。如：结构。如：1)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better condi
6、tions BC现在学习的是第6页，共27页3._,wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK4._,wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._,you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and BBDD现在
7、学习的是第7页，共27页不能省略being(having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday,we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在There being名词的结构中。如：There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家现在学习的是第8页，共27页二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1 1、原因状语、原因状语
8、该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：如：1)._ 1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B C.There was D.A and B2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.It being B.
9、As it is C.Being D.A and B AD现在学习的是第9页，共27页3._,I had to ask for two days3._,I had to ask for two days leave.leave.A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D.A,B and CC.As mother was ill D.A,B and C4._,we have to work late into 4._,we have to work late into
10、the night.the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D.A,B and C DD现在学习的是第10页，共27页2 2、时间状语时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,as soon as,after等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句。如：从句。如：1._,the train started.A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and
11、 B2._,the text became easier for us to learn.A.New words explainedB.When new words were explainedC.When teacher explained new wordsD.all the above DD现在学习的是第11页，共27页3、条件状语、条件状语 独独立立主主格格结结构构作作条条件件状状语语时时可可以以改改为为由由if引引导导的的条条件状语从句。如：件状语从句。如：1)._,well go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If w
12、eather permits C.If permitting D.A and B2.)_,the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C DD现在学习的是第12页，共27页4、伴随状语、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：并列谓语。如：1).We have lessons every day,_.A.Su
13、nday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2).The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D.all the above AA现在学习的是第13页，共27页 3.Father came home,_ 3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.a
14、ll the above D现在学习的是第14页，共27页分词、独立主格和分词、独立主格和“with+with+复合宾语复合宾语”作状作状语的区别语的区别分分词词结结构构、独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可现在分词被动式
15、）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。现在学习的是第15页，共27页分词短语在句中常作以下状语：分词短语在句中常作以下状语：1 1、原因状语、原因状语 1._ 1._late,we had to walk home.late,we had to walk home.A.Being B.As we were A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B C.We being D.A and B 2._ 2._ busy,busy,they they had had no no time time to to
16、 play.play.A.As they were B.Being A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above C.Because they were D.all the aboveDD现在学习的是第16页，共27页2 2、时间状语时间状语1._ the students homework,the teacher found a lot of mistakes.A.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by y
17、our teachers,you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the aboveDD现在学习的是第17页，共27页3 3、条件状语条件状语1._ more time,he is sure to finish his test paper.A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._ another chance,Ill do my job better.A.If I have B.If having
18、 C.Having D.all the above DD现在学习的是第18页，共27页4 4、伴随状语、伴随状语1.1.Father Father came came back,back,_ _ a a bag bag of of money on his left shoulder.money on his left shoulder.A.carrying A.carrying B.he B.he was was carrying carrying C.and C.and carrying D.all the abovecarrying D.all the above2.Father 2.F
19、ather came came back,back,_ _ by by a a monkey.monkey.A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above DA现在学习的是第19页，共27页二、独立主格结构和二、独立主格结构和with+with+复合宾语复合宾语结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：辑主语不一致。如：1._,1._,wew
20、ell go fishing in the ll go fishing in the country.country.A.Permitting weather A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.PermittingC.Weather permitting D.PermittingC现在学习的是第20页，共27页2._,he finished playing the 2._,he finished playing the game of chess.game of
21、 chess.A.His eyes closing A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed B.With his eyes closed C.Closed eyes C.Closed eyes D.Closed his eyesD.Closed his eyes3._,I couldn3._,I couldnt get the book I t get the book I wanted.wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing BB现在学习的是
22、第21页，共27页三三、使使用用分分词词短短语语、独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构构分分别别在在句句子子中中作作状状语语时时要要注注意意：它它们们与与主主句句之之间间不不应应有有从从属属连连词词（如如when,when,if,if,as as soon soon as,as,as,as,whilewhile等）或并列连词（如等）或并列连词（如and,but,or,soand,but,or,so等）。例如：等）。例如：1._ 1._ the the teacher teacher told told the the class class to to go g
23、o through the text through the text A.Checking the answersA.Checking the answersB.Checking the answers and B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the aboveD.all the aboveA现在学习的是第22页，共27页2._a rainy day,so all the farmers 2._a rainy day,so all
24、the farmers had to stay inside.had to stay inside.A.It being B.Being A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the aboveC.It was D.all the above3.As_a little sick,he remained at 3.As_a little sick,he remained at the clinic.the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above CB现在学习的是第23页，共27页四四、在在使使用
25、用独独立立主主格格结结构构、with with+复复合合宾宾语语结结构构、分分词词结结构构作作句句子子的的状状语语时时，一一定定要要看看句句子子主主语语同同这些结构的逻辑关系。这些结构的逻辑关系。1 1、当当句句子子主主语语与与该该状状语语内内部部动动词词之之间间有有逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。谓或动宾关系时，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。1)_ 1)_ in in thought,thought,he he almost almost ran ran into into the the car in front of him.car in front o
26、f him.A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B D现在学习的是第24页，共27页2)._2)._for for the the bus bus at at the the stop,stop,he he suddenly caught sight of a thief.suddenly caught sight of a thief.A.Waiting B.When he was waiting A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above C.As h
27、e was waiting D.all the above2 2、若若句句子子主主语语与与状状语语内内动动词词之之间间不不存存在在逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓或或动动宾宾关关系系且且状状语语内内有有自自已已的的逻逻辑辑主主语语。则则该该状状语语不不能能用用分分词词结结构构，只只能能用用独独立立主主格结构、格结构、with+with+复合宾语结构或从句。如：复合宾语结构或从句。如：D现在学习的是第25页，共27页1.The soldier fell asleep _.A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle2._,the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lightsAC现在学习的是第26页，共27页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看现在学习的是第27页，共27页