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1、介词与介词短语,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,考点精析,考点一 常考介词的用法,1.表示时间的介词,atoninin/after+时间段sincefor,表示时间点、时刻等。如at 6 oclock，at daybreak等,表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。如on Monday afternoon、on a rainy day morning等,表示在某段较长的时间内。如in the 20th century、in winter、in September、in the morning等,表示“在之后”。“in时间段”常与将来
2、时连用；“after时间段”常与过去时连用,后接时间点，表示“自从以来”,后接时间段，表示“长达”,考点精析,考点一 常考介词的用法,1.表示时间的介词,until/tillbyduringbeforeoverthrough,直到,到为止、不迟于,在期间,在之前,在期间、直到结束,一直，自始至终,考点精析,The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 per
3、cent to maintain current levels.到2050年，全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿。一些分析学家预测食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。In Britain, its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。,考点一 常考介词的用法,考点精析,(1)当时间名词前有this、that、last、next、every、each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词；(2)“on/upon名词或动词ing”结构可以表示“一就”。,重点记忆,考点精析,2表示方位的介词,考点精析,
4、The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was asleep.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪，小女孩在那里睡着了。,考点精析,3表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料、方式等时，with、by、in、on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、手段、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交
5、通工具；in指使用某种语言、材料、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。with a pencil 用铅笔by train/taxi/plane/ship/bike 乘火车/出租车/飞机/ 船/骑自行车in English 用英语 on the radio/TV 通过收音机/电视on foot 步行,考点精析,Her parents always talk to her in German.她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。,考点精析,4表示“
6、除之外”的介词(短语),考点精析,During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice.斯特凡尼娅在山洞里的时候，除了两只白鼠，她完全是独自一人。Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。,考点精析,(1)but常用于nobody、none、no one、nothing、any
7、thing、everyone、all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则省略不定式中的to；(2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外、而且”，在句中常作插入语。,重点记忆,考点精析,5表示原因的介词(短语)表示原因的介词(短语)有：for、because of、due to、thanks to、owing to、on account of、as a result of等。e.g. The open air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。 Owing to the
8、storm, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于暴风雨，航班延误了好几个小时。,考点精析,6其他常考的介词(1)between、among表示“在之间”between表示“在之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在之间(三者或三者以上)”。e.g. Keep the close relationship between teachers and students. 保持亲密的师生关系。 They strolled among the crowds.他们在人群中信步而行。,考点精析,(2)with的用法(表示关系)和一起
9、；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用，凭借；(表示原因)由于，因为。e.g. Would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？The small child trembled with fear.那个小孩吓得发抖。With all the night school courses available, there is no excuse for not getting some sort of training.夜校课程一应俱全，没理由不去接受一些培训。,考点精析,(3)for的用法表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；
10、因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就而言”。e.g.The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量。,考点精析,(4)without的用法表示“没有，缺乏；不和在一起；不用，不拿，不带”。e.g.It is a pity that David is away on business.Anyhow，youve got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，他不在，你有大量的
11、时间可以在纽约游览。,考点精析,(5)against的用法(表示方位)倚靠着；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以为背景；逆着。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。We sailed against the wind.我们逆风航行。The hill looks more beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。Tired, Jim
12、was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。,考点精析,(6)beyond的用法(表示位置)在另一边，在更远处；(表示程度)超出，非所能及。Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.听了她感人的故事后，大家都被感动得无以言表。Elizabeth has already achieved success beyond her wildest dreams.伊丽莎白已经取得了她做梦也想不到的成功。Any drive
13、r found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。,考点精析,beyond reach够不到beyond recognition难以辨认beyond repair 难以修复beyond description难以描述beyond control 失控、无法控制,beyond固定搭配,考点精析,(7)off的用法(表示位置)在的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从离开。e.g.She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转弯处
14、开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。,考点精析,(8)despite的用法表示“尽管”。e.g.Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision.虽年事已高，袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态，满怀憧憬。,考点精析,(一)介词与动词构成的搭配thank sb. for sth.为某事感谢某人separate.from. 把与分开play with 同一起玩；玩弄contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物hold up 举起re
15、ly on 依靠,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,考点精析,refer to 提及；参考；查阅pass by 经过care about 关心；介意feel like 想要call for 需要pay for 为付款apply for 申请begin with 以开始,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,考点精析,(二)介词与形容词构成的搭配,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,1beadj.about,be anxious about 忧虑be curious about 对好奇be particular about 对讲究/挑剔be worried/concerned about 担心,考点精析,be angry a
16、t 因生气be good at 擅长be astonished at 对吃惊be present at 出席,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,2beadj.at,考点精析,be absorbed in 专注于be active in 积极于be dressed in 穿着be engaged in 忙于be rich in 富含be occupied in 忙于,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,3beadj.in,考点精析,be eager for 渴望be famous for 以著名be fit for 适合，胜任be ready for 准备好be sorry for 对感到抱歉be prepare
17、d for 为做好准备,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,4beadj.for,考点精析,be absent from 缺席be different from 不同于be far from 远离be free from 不受影响,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,5beadj.from,考点精析,be close to 接近be devoted to 致力于be equal to 等于；胜任be familiar to 对来说熟悉be friendly to 对友好be harmful to 对有危害be kind to 对友善be similar to 与相似be grateful to 对心存感激,考点二
18、 常考介词固定搭配,6beadj.to,考点精析,be aware of 意识到be fond of 喜欢be proud of 因而自豪be short of 缺乏,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,7beadj.of,考点精析,be busy with 忙于be familiar with 对熟悉be combined with 与结合be patient with 对有耐心be popular with 受的欢迎be pleased with 对感到满意by angry with (sb.) 对(某人)发怒,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,8beadj.with,考点精析,at a loss 不知所措
19、at peace 处于和平中at war 在战争中at work 在工作,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,1“atn.”表示状态,(三)介词与名词构成的搭配,考点精析,at the beginning of 在的开始at the cost of 以为代价at the risk of 冒的危险at the mercy of 在的支配下,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,2其他以at开头的介词短语,考点精析,on exhibition/show 在展出on fire 着火on sale 出售；打折on the way 在途中on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加on holiday/va
20、cation 在度假,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,3“onn.”表示状态,考点精析,on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,4其他以on开头的介词短语,考点精析,by accident 偶然by air/plane 乘飞机by chance 偶然by coincidence 碰巧by hand 用手by mistake 错误地by the day 按天算by nature 天生地,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,5“byn.”表示方式,考点精析,in cash 用现金付款in depth 在深度上in
21、 detail 详细地in height 在高度上in length 在长度上in Chinese 用汉语,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,6“inn.”表示方式,考点精析,in place of 代替in possession of 拥有，占有in addition to 另外in charge of 掌管in return for 作为对的回报in spite of 尽管in exchange for 作为交换in favo(u)r of 支持，赞成in case of 万一；如果，假如in hono(u)r of 为向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念in support of 为支持
22、,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,7其他以in开头的介词短语,考点精析,of benefit(beneficial) 有益处的of help(helpful) 有帮助的of importance(important) 重要的of significance(significant) 有重大意义的of use(useful) 有用的of value(valuable) 有价值的,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,8“ofn.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词),考点精析,out of balance 失去平衡out of breath 上气不接下气out of control 不受控制out of date 过时ou
23、t of order 出故障out of sight 看不到out of the question 不可能out of question 毫无疑问out of work 失业,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,9“out ofn.”表示状态,考点精析,under attack 遭到袭击under pressure 在压力下under treatment 在治疗中under control 处于控制之下,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,10“undern.”表示被动,考点精析,with delight/joy 高兴地with difficulty 困难地with ease 轻而易举地with fear 害怕地
24、with pleasure 乐意地,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,11“withn.”表示行为方式,考点精析,beyond compare 无与伦比beyond reach 够不到beyond description 难以描述beyond expression/words 难以表达,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,12“beyondn.”表示“超出，难以”,考点精析,(四)介词与其他词构成的搭配according to 根据along with 随着together with 连同but for 要不是up to 直到；由而定,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,next to 紧挨着in between 在中间
25、，在两者之间instead of 代替apart from 除之外regardless of 不管，不顾,考点精析,(五)易用错的介词with the help of 在的帮助下under the leadership of 在的领导下the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的一个洞a bird in the tree 树上的一只鸟apples on the tree 树上的苹果tickets for the concert 音乐会的票in the direction of 朝着的方向set an example to s
26、b. 给某人树立榜样,考点二 常考介词固定搭配,方法解读,正确解答介词题“两策略”方法一分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则名词、代词或动词ing前一定是填介词。e.g.If you could exchange lives _ someone for a short time, would you like to do that?,with,方法解读,正确解答介词题“两策略”方法二记牢搭配(1)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；(2)注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。e.g.As a result, he spends his life
27、 in a wheelchair and cannot write _ means of a pen or pencil.,by,演练提升,1.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _ 2.1 in women and men.2.Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _，through agriculture.3.Im glad to kno
28、w that youve come _ China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.4.Museums must compete _ peoples spare time and money with other amusements.,by in to for,演练提升,5.The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist _ earth, Mother Nature.6.For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake _ the
29、 shape of a monkey.7.Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.,on in of/for,演练提升,8.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs, seven to be exact.9.I was searching _ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.,offor,Thank You！,