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1、代词,2022高考复习之语法透析,知识导图,考点精析,考点一 人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下五种情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地用在无谓语动词的句子中，或者在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。e.g.Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。为什么是我？约翰坐在那里无所事事。,考点精析,代词在句子中作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。Thi
2、s is my new car. I bought it yesterday.这是我的新车。我昨天买的。作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分的代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.我在医院碰见她。我在医院碰见的正是她。,考点精析,在含有比较级的句子中，than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me (I)但在下列句子中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her.我喜欢杰克和她
3、。I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him, too.我喜欢杰克，她也是。,考点精析,用来表示感叹时，用代词的宾格代替主格形式。Dear me! How can I forget the time of the meeting?(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其顺序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：第二、第三、第一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You, she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help h
4、im.,考点精析,考点二 物主代词(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动词ing形式的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger. (2)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词， e.g. take sb. by the arm、be wounded in the leg,考点精析,考点三 反身代词(1)反身代词的语法
5、功能：作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。(2)反身代词可用于某些固定短语中：by oneself 单独地，独自地for oneself 亲自；为自己devote oneself to 致力于apply oneself to 专心致志于enjoy oneself 玩得愉快help oneself to 随便吃；随便用make oneself at home 不拘束seat oneself 坐下,考点精析,behave oneself 举止得体come to oneself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于abandon oneself to 沉迷于；放纵于
6、express oneself 表达自己的思想lose oneself in 迷失say to oneself 心里想talk to oneself 自言自语dress oneself 自己穿衣feel oneself 觉得身体正常,考点精析,考点四 指示代词(this、that、these和those),What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。,考点精析,考点五 不定代词1other、the other、others、the othe
7、rs和another(1)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及其他的学科。(2)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。There are two pens here.One is his，and the other is Toms.这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。,考点精析,(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some.others.；而the others表示特定范围中的
8、“另外的全部”。Some like staying at home at the weekend；others like going to the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dont like this book. Please give me another one.我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。,考点精析,2both、all、either、any、neither和none,Tickets for Friday? Sorry, weve got none l
9、eft.somebody的特殊含义：大人物nobody 的特殊含义：小人物。,考点精析,3不定代词用于习惯搭配中nothing but 仅仅，只是 anything but 决不something of 有几分，略微or something 诸如此类的人或物every other day 每隔一天each other (两者)相互one another (三者或三者以上)相互one.another. (三者或三者以上)一个 另一个one.the other. (两者中)一个另一个some.others. 一些另一些,考点精析,Shed lived in London and Mancheste
10、r, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过， 但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.尽管这个答案好像有点儿奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基总是会有很多点子，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。,考点精析,This project requires clo
11、se teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.这个项目需要紧密的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光着的脚互相蹭着。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
12、在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。,考点精析,部分否定和全部否定(1)no one、none、nobody、nothing、not.any/either以及“no名词”表示全部否定；(2)all、both、everyone/everybody/everything以及“every名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定；(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere、 always、 altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。While I agree with the most of what you said, I dont agree with every
13、thing.尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但并不是同意所有的看法。,重点记忆,考点精析,考点六it的用法1指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象，还可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.由于当地政府为增加就业率所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。,考点精析,2用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动词ing形式或从句。(1)it
14、作形式主语的常用句型：Itbeadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth.；It is no good/use/useless doing sth.；Its (well) worth doing sth.；Itbe名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/.)that从句；It不及物动词(词组)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./.)that从句；Itbe过去分词that从句；It takes sb.time/money to do sth.,考点精析,(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语think/believe/suppose
15、/consider/feel/make/.itadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth./that从句；主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/.ituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy/.doing sth.,考点精析,it用于like、enjoy、hate、love、appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon、see to等动词短语后，需接when、if、that等引导的从句。,重点
16、记忆,考点精析,3含有it的常考短语和句型：believe it or not 信不信由你make it 成功；做到；约定时间take it for granted that. 认为是理所当然的as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样when it comes to. 当涉及/谈到owe it to sb.that. 把归功于某人keep it in mind that. 把铭记在心It depends. 视情况而定。,考点精析,Take it easy. 别着急。Its (high) time that sb. (should) do/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。I
17、ts the first/second/.time that sb. have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次/次做某事。It is/has been.since. 自从多久了It will be/was.before. 要过多久才It is/was时间点when. 当时候，时间是强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who.,考点精析,高频考点：替代用法,it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何修饰语。ones替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一。that替代上文出现的“the不可数名词或可数名词单数”，表特指，同类不同一。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语。thos
18、e替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。one替代上文出现的“a/an可数名词单数”，表泛指，同类不同一。,考点精析,We rented a car. It looks very old.我们租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物一件我从来没有见过的礼物。In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in
19、 the UK.在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好很多。,方法解读,方法一通过句子成分确定填什么代词1如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；2如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；3如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；4如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.,me,方法解读,方法二通过句
20、式结构判断是否填it1如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；2如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况等，则用it；3如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；4注意一些固定用法： dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to.it从句。Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.,it,演练提升,.单句语法填空1High on the QinghaiTibet Plateau lies Chinas “water tower” Sanjiangyua
21、n._ is home to the headwaters of Chinas three rivers.2There is a British saying that offers some good advice in this situation: “Look after the pennies and the pounds will look after _ (they)”3Some people buy cloth shoes out of nostalgia (怀旧), while _ trust their quality.,itthemselvesothers,演练提升,4Hu
22、man beings love the world of nature that surrounds _ (we), and we enjoy seeing the wild world up close.5The environmental movement didnt start with Earth Day and indigenous people (原住民) protecting the earth as _ (they) way of life were the pioneers.6Had Columbus turned back, no one could have blamed
23、 him.Of course, no one would have remembered _ (he), either.7When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why _ has this special feature.,us their himit,演练提升,8There is also a growing trend towards marrying later: since 2013, the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than _ of
24、 younger couples.9For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons.For _, most books are sold at a lower price.10Failure is part of our life. _ has achieved great success without lots of failures.,that anotherNobody,演练提升,11Data about the moons composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it
25、contains，could help China decide whether _(it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.12As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine _(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.13Nervously facing challenges, I
26、 know I will whisper to _ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”,its themselvesmyself,演练提升,14A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than _ who are not.15If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.16When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _(they) alive.,thoseit them,Thank You！,