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1、Unit 6-Section B Using language核心考点回顾【省略结构】【语用功能】省略可以使句子简洁, 避免重复和啰嗦。 【要义详析】一、省略的定义省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分, 在一定语境中能够独立存在, 意义明确, 并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来, 只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义, 能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑, 而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。二、省略的用法1. 并列句中的省略一般说来, 在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。*I came at eight but Henry
2、(came) at nine. 我八点来的, 但亨利是在九点来的。2. 复合句中的省略(1)状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且状语从句中含有be动词时, 省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。*When (the novel is)published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. 那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。*Although(he was)hard-working, he couldnt earn enough to support himself. 尽管努力工作, 他的收入还是不
3、够自己糊口。(2)定语从句如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语, 这个关系代词可以省略。*Hes the man (who/that)you can safely depend on. 他是你能放心信赖的人。(3)主句省略有时整个主句都可省略, 只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。*You all like the story? 你们都喜欢这个故事? Yes, except that the conclusion is too hasty. 是的, 只是结尾太仓促。(4)宾语从句引导宾语从句的that一般情况下, 可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下, that不能
4、省略。*I hope (that)youll be fine soon. 我希望你尽快康复。3. 动词不定式的省略(1)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时, 第一个带to, 后面可以省去to; 但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时, 则to不可省略。*His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house. 他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。(2)有些动词(词组), 如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作宾语时, 为了避免重复, 可以省略动词
5、只保留到to, 但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have, 这些动词就要保留。*The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. 这个男孩想在街上骑自行车, 可他妈妈不同意。*He is not the man he used to be. 他已经不是原来的那个样子了。(3)在某些句式中, 如介词but前有动词do的任何形式, 后面的不定式要省略to。*I can do nothing but wait. 我能做的只有等待。(4)感官动词(词组)see, look
6、at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to; 但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。*I saw him enter the room just now. 刚才我看见他进了房间。*I didnt know who made him cry. 我不知道谁把他惹哭了。4. 虚拟语气中的省略(1)在一坚持(insist), 二命令(order, command), 三建议(suggest, propose, advise), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)等
7、后的宾语从句中, 含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句, 以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that. . . 从句中常省略should。*We insisted that they(should) go with us. 我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。*It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film. 有人建议我们去看这部电影。(2)虚拟条件句常省略if, 而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。*Had you come here yesterday
8、, you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话, 你就会见到她了。5. 替代性省略英语中, 可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。*Can I put my bike here? 我可以把自行车放在这儿吗? Youd better not. 你最好不要。6. 介词的省略(1)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前, 一般可省略。*We have a final exam every term. 每学期我们举行一次期末考试
9、。(2)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略, 而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in)doing sth. ; have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth. ; prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth. 。*I have some trouble (in) learning English. 我学英语有困难。【即学活用】把下面句子变为省略句(1)She was poor but she was honest. She was poor but _. (2)It is a beautiful day,
10、 isnt it? _, isnt it? (3)When it is seen from the plane, the houses look like tiny toys. _, the houses look like tiny toys. (4)What do you think made Mary so upset? Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset. What do you think made Mary so upset? _. (5)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is
11、my grandpa. The man _last night is my grandpa. (6)Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I was going to come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. (7)My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to go to co
12、llege. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I _. (8)If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. _, I would be strict with my students. (9)She was heard to sing last night. I _last night. (10)Do you think he is a good student? I dont think he is a good student. Do you think he is a good student? I _. 答案：1.honest2.Beautiful day3.seen from the plane4.Losing her new bicycle5.you visited6.was going to7.didnt want to8.Were I a teacher9.heard her sing10.think not