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1、Module 11 PhotosUnit 3专项突破which和who引导的定语从句【语法幅井】一、关系代词which和who/whomwhich引导的定语从句修饰无生命的东西先行词必须是物。在句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略who/whom引导的定语从句修饰人who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时用who代替whom, 也可省略。当关系词紧接在介词之后时，必须用whom,即介词 +whom二、that, which, who, whom 的区别四者都用来引导定语从句,that引导的定语从句修饰的先行词既可以是“人”，也可以是“物、一般 情况下that既可以代替wh
2、ich,也可以代替who或whom; which引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是“物二Who. whom引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是“人工以下情况需要注意:1 .关系代词前有介词时。宜用which。：- 如在一句话中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词为that,另一个 只用which,不用that-.当定语从句与先行词隔位修饰时。注意）仅用who,不用thaj 一1 .领先彳亍词为 people,those,one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all（指人）时。2 .there be句型中多用who/whom。3 .当在一句话中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时，假设一
3、个引导词为that,另一个用who。1 .领先行诃前面有形容词的最高级或序数诃修饰时。that, 不用who/whom2 .领先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,fbw,much,all,very 等词修饰时。3 .当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时。【语法集训】I.单项选择Anyone who is a server or has been one knows that customers always come first.A. whom B. what C. who D. which【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：任何服务员或者曾经做过服务员的人都知道顾客至上。先
4、行词为Anyone,引导词用who。1. Is Jimmy the boy helped the old man cross the road?一Yes, you are right.A. which B. who C. whom D. what【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:吉米是帮老人过马路的那个男孩吗？是的，你说对了。the boy为先行词，且在从句中作主语，应用关系词who。2. Zhang Guimei is the principal of Huaping High School for Girls, is in Lijiang City, Southwest Chinas Yu
5、nnan Province.A. who B. whom C. which D. what【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：张桂梅是位于中国西南部的云南省丽江市的华坪女子高级中学 的校长。Huaping High School为先行词，弓|导词用which。3. 一What kind of book do you like?一I like the book is interesting.A. who B. whomC. which D. what【解析】选c。考查定语从句。句意:你喜欢哪种书籍？一我喜欢有趣的书。book为先行词，关 系词用whichowish you can remember
6、 the days we spent together in our school.A. which B. whom C. who D. when【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：我希望你能记得在学校我们一起度过的这些日子。the days为先 行词，关系词用whichoII.用 who, which, that 和 whom 填空1. The girl that/who/whom you met two days ago has moved to another city.2. Is this the zoo that/which we want to visit tomorrow?3. D
7、o you know Su Bingtian, who broke the Asian record at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games?4. We all like teachers that/wh。can make lessons very interesting.5. He watched the kids and the presents that were in the house.6. The man who/that is watching TV is my father.7. Til never forget the day on which I j
8、oined the club.8. Whats that which is near the desk?9. This is the house in which I was born fifteen years ago.10. Peter is no longer the person who/that I met ten years ago.【中考体验】III.单项选择1. （2021 武威中考）A true friend is a person reaches for your hand and touches your heart.A. whom B. whose C. who D.
9、which【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：一个真正的朋友是向你伸出手、触动你心灵的人。本句是定语 从句，先行词是人a person”，引导词在从句中作主语。2. （2021 青海中考）Chaka Salt Lake is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and moretourists.A. where B. which C. who D. whom【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：素有“天空之镜”之称的茶卡盐湖吸引着越来越多的游客。先行 词为 Chaka Salt Lake,用 which 弓 |导。3. （2021 岳阳中考）All o
10、f the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian.A. that they can sing along withwhich can they sing along withB. who they can sing along withwho can they sing along with【解析】选A。考查定语从句。横线处是定语从句，先行词是the song S痴o MYm,指物，用that/which 引导，定语从句用陈述语序。4. （2021 十堰中考）This is the first birthday gift I received. Fve ke
11、pt it many years.A. which B. that C. who D. what【解析】选B。考查定语从句。gift“礼物”作先行词，引导词应用which或that,先行词前有序数词修 饰时应用thato（2021 黔东南州中考）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech President Xi Jinping madeencouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.A. who B. whoseC. which D. what【解析】选c。考查定语从句。题干中含有定语从句
12、，其先行词是the New Year speech,表示物，在从 句中作宾语，关系代词可用which, that或者省略。5. （2021 贵阳中考）Abings Erqucin Yingyue is a piece of music has become one of Chinas nationaltreasures.A. who B. which C. whose D. what【解析】选B。考查定语从句。先行词为music,在从句中作主语，应用which或that弓|导。is well worth reading.6. （2021 滨州中考）In my opinion, of all t
13、he books, this is the only oneA. who B. thatA. who B. thatC. whom D. what【解析】选B。考查定语从句。当定语从句的先行词被the only修饰时，关系代词要用that。面素养进阶三【话题分析】 写作话题：讨论照片 写作内容：描述照片的拍摄时间、内容及喜欢该照片的原因 写作指导：正确运用which, that, who引导的定语从句对照片进行描述；从照片的拍摄时间、地点、内容和意义等方面进行描述【典例研磨】请以My favourite photo为题，写一篇作文，简单介绍你最喜欢的照片，并阐述你的理由。要求：1.句子连贯，防
14、止单词错误;2.词数80左右。Step 1:审题研要求.人称：第一人称为主1 .时态：一般现在时为主.核心：介绍最喜欢的照片Step 2:列纲研结构St叩3:润色磨篇章开篇点题A【细节介绍k【收篇结总述: my favourite photo;was taken at my housejast year照片信息（人物&做的事情）： my birthday party; I;Susan;other friends心情：happy表达喜爱:1 like the photo becauseit reminds me of a pleasant birthday.总述照片 拍摄的时间 和地点。用定语从
15、句描述照片 中的人和物。表达人物My favourite photoThis is my favourite photo.It shows me and my friends at my thirteenth birthday party. The chocolate cake thMt is in the middle of the table was made by my mum. The girl whoJs helping out the candles on the cake is my friend Susan. I am sitting in the middle and wea
16、ring a blue blouse and a white skirt. My other friends are standing around me. WMJookyeJX haimy The presents you see are from my friends and my parents.HifegJMMfttabeeaussiLigmindsjJMfxitosajiLbiithto .当时的心情。再次点题, 并点明喜欢 这张照片的 原因。【实战写作】在过去的日子里，我们曾经欢笑，也曾经哭泣照片，或将这些精彩定格，或勾起你对往事的 回忆。某英语网站向你发出邀请，请你根据要求用英语
17、写一篇文章，提供你的照片背后的故事。 参考要点：1 .描述你的照片（时间、地点、人物）;.提供你的故事（起因、经过、结果）;2 .谈谈你的感受（感动、怀念、影响）0【参考范文】This is a photo that is very special to me. In the photo, I was 10 while my dad looked younger. Look, we were playing ping-pong happily.I used to be a ping-pong player. My dad trained me so hard, though he was ti
18、red after a days work. Once, I lost a game and I felt so sad that I wanted to give up. My father said nothing, sitting quietly with me. The next morning, I found a piece of paper. It said, Never give up, dear. I am proud of you!”Now, I spend less time playing ping-pong because of my busy study. But
19、I will never forget the wonderful time that we have spent and what my father has told me. How lucky I am to be his daughter!教师专用【语用储藏】话题词汇照片take拍摄;show展示;manage设法;special特别的；excellent极好的 内容see看到;look看起来happy高兴的;sad伤心的;make制作;subject主题 意义memory回忆;remember记得；pleasant令人愉快的;meaningful有意义的话题句式 开头句：1. The
20、 photo we like best was taken by Zhao Min.我们最喜欢的照片是由赵敏拍摄的。2. This is a photo that is very special to me.这是一张对我很特别的照片。3. This is my favourite photo.这是我最喜欢的照片。过渡句：1. Her photo shows a person rushing across a street on a windy evening.她的照片展示了一个人在一个有风的夜晚快速穿过街道。2. The photo shows me and my friends at my
21、thirteenth birthday party.这张照片展示了在我十三岁生日聚会时的我和我的朋友们。3. In the photo, I was sitting in the middle.在照片里，我正坐在中间。4. He Zhong manages to show the good time they are having.何中设法展示他们拥有的快乐时光。结尾句：1.1 will never forget the good memory that the photo brings to me.我永远不会忘记这张照片带给我的美好回忆。2.1 like the photo because it reminds me of a pleasant birthday.我喜欢这张照片因为它使我想起了一个愉快的生日。话题谚语：1. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2. Time lost cannot be won again.时光流逝，不可复得。