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1、Chapter 4 Tourists & Travel MotivationText A Classification of TouristsActivities:1. Match the descriptions in the right-hand column with the terms in the left-hand column.2. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence or answers each question.(1) Which of the following terms means the touri
2、st is surrounded by his/her similar livingenvironment while he/she is abroad?A. Mid-centric. B. Environmental bubble.C. Cohen,s Classification. D. Plog,s Classification.(2) Plog suggests that travelers can be classified into different types based on their different_.A. social status B. education lev
3、elsC. personalities D. economical status(3) What kind of tourists are outgoing and self-confident persons who seek new experiencesand adventure in a variety of activities?A. Conservative type. B. Allocentric type.C. Psychocentric type. D. Mid-centric type.(4) Which of the following descriptions is c
4、orrect for allocentric tourists?A. They tend to be inhibited and non-adventuresome.B. They prefer to return to familiar travel destinations where they can relax and knowwhat types of food and activity to expect.C. They stay in typical tourist accommodations and eat at family-type restaurants.D. They
5、 would rather have the freedom to explore an area and make their own arrangements.(5) A guided tour in an air-conditioned bus traveling through the countryside is a typicalexample of _.A. organized mass tourists B. individual mass touristsC. explorers D. drifters3. Fill in the blanks with proper wor
6、ds to complete the following statements.(1)Cohen,s classification of tourist is based on the theory that tourism combines_ the to seek out new experiences with the need for the security of familiar reminders of home.(2)“Environmental_ ”means the tourist is surrounded by his/her similar living enviro
7、nment while he/she is abroad.(3) Stanley Plog proposes a theory that associates the_ of a destination to the inherent personalities of travelers.(4) In the understanding of the_ of tourists, this topic is highly complex and depends on a range of factors.(5) Some typologies are generally used as if t
8、hey can be applied to people in all countries and they appear to_ national and cultural differences.4. Fill in the table with the words given below.A. Individual mass tourists B. Organized mass touristsC. Explorers D. DriftersText B Travel MotivationsActivities:1. Fill in the blanks with proper word
9、s to complete the following statements.(1) A motivation is a wish that_ people to take action, work hard to achieve a goal,and satisfy a certain kind of need.(2) Along with the_ and complexity of people,s living needs in modern society, travel motivations are becoming more varied and diversified.(3)
10、 Travelers are motivated to satisfy a need, and they have a_of what will satisfytheir need.(4) The tourism product is a complex mixture of services and goods which are bought by aspecial kind of_ , namely tourists.(5) Travel psychology is a science that involves researching tourists, psychological a
11、ctivitiesand their_ rules.2. Questions for discussion.(1) What drives all kinds of people,s activities and governs people,s actions?(2) Why will the same tourist,s motivations for going on different trips differ from each other?(3) What must you understand to provide a high-quality service to touris
12、ts effectively?(4) What are the travel motivations? Can you give some examples of the factors that influencetravel motivations?(5) How to interpret Maslow,s theory in the context of tourism activity?Remarks: Maslow “Hierarchy of Needs”Maslow (1971) distinguished five different levels of psychologica
13、l needs ranging from physiological needs to self-actualization. According to his theory, satisfaction of people,s basic needs is a prerequisite for the satisfaction of the higher needs. Maslow argues that all behavior is motivated by psychological needs, for behavior serves to fulfill those needs.马斯
14、洛层次需求理论。马斯洛 （1971） 区分了从生理到自我实现的五种心理需求。根据他的理论， 人们基本需求的满足是更高层次需求满足的先决条件。马斯洛提出所有的行为都是由心理需求激发的， 其目的是去满足这些需求。3. The following figure shows the formation of travel motivations and travel actions. Fill in the figure with the words given below.参考答案Text A Classification of Tourists1. Match the descriptions i
15、n the right-hand column with the terms in the left-hand column.(1) D (2) C (3) B (4) A2. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence or answers each question.(1) B (2) C (3) B (4) D (5) A3. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.(1) curiosity (2) bubble (3)
16、 popularity (4) typology (5) ignore4. Fill in the table with the words given below.B A C DText B Travel Motivations1. Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the following statements.(1) prompts (2) diversification (3) perception (4) consumers (5) objective2. Questions for discussion.(1) Pe
17、ople are driven by their motivation and their actions are governed by their motivation.(2) Travelers form a view of the destination attractions and find if the attractions are in tunewith his/her needs.(3) To provide a high-quality service to tourists effectively, we must understand whatpsychologica
18、l factors stimulate and influence people to make all types of travel decisions.(4) Travelers are motivated to satisfy a need, and they have a perception of what will satisfytheir need. At the same time, travelers have a perception of the attractions of thedestination and whether the attractions satisfy their needs. If both sides are agreed,travelers are motivated to visit that destination.(5) (Omitted.)3. (Omitted.)