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1、3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题09 非谓语动词【考点定位】 2014考纲解读和近几年考点分布高考研究非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些
2、动词后作宾语的用法等。预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。【考点pk】 名师考点透析非谓语动词有三种；动词不定式、动词的一ing形式和的一ed形式非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和变化，但有语态和时态的变化。因此高考备考时，对非谓语要有充分的认识和归纳，现在分词表示动作“主动和进行”，分词表示“被动和完成”，而不定式则含有“将来”的意义时，头脑要冷静。一方面要认真分析句子结构，确定所填动句子中作谓语还是非谓语，如果作非滑语，还要确定动词与主语的逻辑关系以及该动作与谓语动词的动作发生时问自后；同时要注意标点符号特别是逗号的作用。考点一、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别【例题1】Bradon
3、 worked for hours after school money for his educationAmaking Bto make Cmade Dhaving made【例题2】One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Toms， their high school reunion the year beforeAtalking about Bto talk about Ctalked about Dhaving talked about考点二、现在分词与过去分词的区别【例题3】When I caught him me，I st
4、opped buying things there and started dealing with another shopAcheated Bcheating Cto cheat Dto have cheated【解题指导】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补主补时，分析宾语主语同宾补主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。【解析】B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗
5、”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。考点三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别【例题4】The old women spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answerAreceired Breceiring Chad received Dto receive【例题5】Tom stood there， what he could do for the poor man sitting beside himAwondered Bto wonder Chaving wondered Dwondering【解
6、题指导】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。【解析】D。句意：汤姆站在那里，心里想着能为站在他身边的那个可怜的人做些什么。显然，“心里想着”是伴随动作，伴随着“站”，因此用分词作伴随状语。又因句子主语与动作”心里想着”是主谓关系，故用现在分词，答案为D。考点四、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to be done，done。being done的区别近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to be done，done，being done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。【例题6】the NO.5 subway line， in October，2007，has greatly improved the
7、traffic conditions in BeijingAopened Bwas opened Cbeing opened Dto be opened【三年高考】 10 、11、12、13高考试题及其解析2013年高考动词不定式1.Volunteering gives you a chance_lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change（2013北京）答案D解析：to change lives 作定语，修饰a chance.2.The driver wanted to park his ca
8、r near the roadside but was asked by the police _.（新课标I）A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not答案B解析：本题考查的是ask sb to do/not to do 形式，不定式作宾语补足语。同时使用了省略。所以答案为B。3.The engine just wont start. Something seems_wrong with it. （重庆）A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone答案B解析：不定式的完成式形式表示不定式的动作发生在
9、谓语动词之前或已经完成。本题中的seem to have gone 表示似乎已经出现了故障。4 _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. （湖南） A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay答案C解析：不定式作状语表示目的可置于句首，也可放在句中，意思是“为了”。相当于in order to stay.5.I stopped the car _ a short break as I was fe
10、eling tired.（山东） A. takeB. taking C. to take D. taken答案C解析：不定式to take a short break 表示目的。 6.The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. (四川)A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed答案B解析：不定式to be completed 作定语修饰the airport 表示将来被动。意思是“明年即将完工的机场”。（
11、DBBCCB） 分词1._the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found（2013北京）答案B解析：find 和主句的主语she 是主动关系，所以选择B，现在分词作状语。2.Lionel Messi the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. （2013江苏）A. s
12、et B. setting C. to set D. having set答案D解析;现在分词的完成式形式作Lionel Messi定语，两者构成主动关系。3.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked (2013江西)答案A解析：本句的意思是：如果被要求为别人照看行李，马上报警。从句相当于If you are asked to look after.所以选A。4.I got to the office ea
13、rlier that day,_the 7:30 train from Paddington.A.caught B.to have caught C.to catch D.having caught （2013新课标II）答案D解析：现在分词的完成式形式作原因状语，动作发生在主句的谓语之前。句子的意思是：因为我赶上了从开来的7:30的火车，所以我那天到办公室更早。5.The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on the ground.A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. t
14、o be thrown（2013新课标I）答案A解析：现在分词短语部分作主句的伴随状语，并与主语the sun构成主动关系，所以选A。6.When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I till asleep （2013重庆）A.having told B. telling C.told D. to tell答案B解析：现在分词作主句的伴随状语，tell 与主语mother是主动关系，所以选B。7.When we saw the road_ with snow, we decided to spend
15、the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked（2013北京）答案D解析：过去分词作the road的宾语补足语，且与the road构成被动关系，所以选D。8.They might just have a place _ on the writing course why dont you give it a try? （2013课标I）A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave答案B解析：句意：他们可能只保留了一个位置给写作课程你为什么不试试看呢？leave作动词讲，可表示
16、“使保留，留下备用”，leave和place属于被动关系，故left作place的后置定语，表示“剩下的位置，保留的位置”。9. in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. （2013安徽） A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded答案C解析：found和the school是被动关系，所以选C。句子意思是：这所学校建立于二十世纪初，它一直激励学生们热爱艺术。10.The sun began to rise in t
17、he sky, _ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathedD. have bathed （2013湖南）答案B解析：现在分词作伴随状语，bath 和主语the sun是主动关系，所以选B。11.You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts. A. offeringB. to offer C. having offeredD. offered （湖南）答案D解析：过去分词作an opinion 的定语，两者是被动关
18、系。意思是被提供给你的建议。12. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner. (2013山东) A. standing B. to stand C. standsD. stood 答案A解析：现在分词作a bookshelf的定语，两者是主动关系。13._ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating （2013山东）答案A解析：现在分词完成式做原因状语，动作发
19、生在主句谓语动词之前，所以选A。 14.In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations. （2013天津） A. using B. to use C. having used D. used答案D解析：过去分词作words的定语，表示被动。意思是：日常会话中被使用的词汇。15._ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not k
20、nown D. Known not (2013四川)答案A 解析：现在分词的否定结构作原因状语，与主句主语是主动关系，所以选A。16.The party will be held in the garden, weather_.(2013全国大纲)A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit答案A解析：现在分词与weather是主动关系，两者作状语，相当于条件状语从句if weather permits.17.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_such art forms as
21、 music and painting.(2013全国大纲)A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to 答案D解析：过去分词作状语，与主句主语film是被动关系，所以选D。18.Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.（2013福建）A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. b
22、eing realized答案A解析：现在分词作原因状语，与后面的主句主语the boy是主动关系，所以选A。（1-5：BDADA 6-10：BDBCB 11-15：DAADA 16-18: ADA）2012高考英语试题1.(2012四川卷) 6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Tom坐出租车去机场，不料飞机已起飞了。此处用动词不定式表示一种出乎
23、意料的结果。2.(2012四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C项。3.(2012四川卷) 12. . Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. wa
24、shed B. wash C. washing D. to wash5.(2012浙江卷) 11.“ Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customers.A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语，意为：桌子被预定给顾客的。6.
25、(2012课标卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit7.(2012课标卷卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music andpainting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影的历史要
26、短得多，尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时通常省略从句中的主语和be动词，后半句的完整形式是especially when it is compared to such art foms as music and painting。film与compare之间是动宾关系。【易错点拨】做本题时考生潜意识里容易认为逻辑主语是暗含的you而误选B项其实，主语是Film。8.(2012大纲卷)10.Tony lent me the money, _that I d do as much for him .A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped
27、 D. having hoped10.(2012北京卷)23One learns a knowledge by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting【答案】D【解析】考察句式结构。考查考生对于and连接的成分分析。在and周围出现的动词形式分别对应A、D两个选项。选择A项应为主语发出的连续动作，但是them所指与a knowledge相悖无法还原，应为指代mistakes，故其前动词形式应与mistakes前得动词形式一直，即doing。句意：人通过犯错和改错学习知识。11.(
28、2012北京卷)27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use13.(2012上海卷)27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed into the sports club.A. going B. to go C. go D. gone【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth. allow doing sth.句意：杰克因为把
29、会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。14.(2012上海卷)33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of .【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble(in)doing的结构。句意：大庭广众之下讲话，皮特总是要想想该说的事。15.(2012上海卷)36.The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party
30、 for past and present members.A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。founded=which was founded。句意：建于25年前的这家俱乐部正在为新老会员举行晚会。16.(2012上海卷)39.Genius is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A. involved B. involving C. to involve D. being involved18.(2012重庆卷)2
31、8.Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made20.(2012安徽卷)30.When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interestingand rewarding.A. asking B. asked C. having
32、asked D. to be asked【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词 ask 和主语 Philip 之间是被动关系，而且此动作已经完成， 所以选 B 项 asked。When asked=When he was asked。句意：当被问到对教学这个工作怎么看待时，菲利普说他觉得这项工作又有趣又值得。21.(2012福建卷) 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from _in the South China
33、Sea.A. attackingB. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境，中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近水域的控制以防止中国渔船在中国南海被袭。preventfrom后接动名词且在此须使用被动语态。此处不用完成时。22.(2012福建卷) 34 Pressed from his parents，and _that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. re
34、alizingB. realizedC. to realize D. being realized23.(2012湖南卷) 21.Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do24.(2012湖南卷)23.Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语作状
35、语相当于一个条件状语从句:if it (time) is used correctly。use和它的逻辑主语即句子的主语time的关系是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动意义。句意：如果使用得当，时间就是存在银行里的钱。25.(2012湖南卷) 31. The lecture, _at 7:00 pm laze night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started【答案】A【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作定语
36、。句意：会议在昨天晚上七点开始，会后有进行了用天文望远镜观测月亮的活动。start一词在此既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，因此此处不必分析主被动逻辑关系；此处主要考查的是时态观念，不定式含有的将来含义并线不符合语境，先可排除C、D；start又为短暂动词不可用过于“进行”含义，而being started“正在被开始”强调进行含义，不妥，排除B；A项starting虽为现在分词形式，在此并无进行含义，可视为which started从句省略而来。26.(2012江苏卷)31. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you
37、 will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base27.(2012江西卷)33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里注意invite的动词用法：invite sb. to do sth.,其被动式sb. be invited to do sth.虽
38、然受到了邀请，但是讲话还没有发生，故用动词不定式一般式表示将来。句意：完成了她的工程后，她受那所学校之邀对新生讲话。28.(2012江西卷) 35John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offered29.(2012辽宁卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A. to follow
39、B. following C. followed D. follows【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following。句意：这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟在后面。30.(2012辽宁卷)29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【答案
40、】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。在 “主语 + be + adj + to do”结构中，动词不定式to do用主动表被动，所以选D。句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都能在几分钟之内学会使用。31.(2012山东卷)26. 26. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told32.(2012山东卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to
41、us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。33.(2012陕西卷)15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD.
42、Stand2011高考英语试题1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go t
43、o. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。3.(2011全国卷II,18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying5.（2011北京卷,33）Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。