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1、大学英语导学 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望2 2主题主题:高等教育人才的外语能力培养高等教育人才的外语能力培养现代大学英语的学习目标与方法现代大学英语的学习目标与方法热身问题热身问题:大学是什么？什么是高等教育大学是什么？什么是高等教育？当大学生意味着什么？当大学生意味着什么？06级管理级管理/软件三级起点班课程结束软件三级起点班课程结束3 3主要内容主要内容 大学生的学习角色和学习方法大学生的学习角色和学习方法 英语的全面定义和教学主要内容英语
2、的全面定义和教学主要内容 外语能力的层次和课堂教学效益的延伸外语能力的层次和课堂教学效益的延伸 外语教学的重心和目标从传统到现代的转移外语教学的重心和目标从传统到现代的转移 大学英语教学国家验收考试大学英语教学国家验收考试 CET 任务型合作式教学法推介任务型合作式教学法推介以奥林匹克精神上大学，在人才赛场上追以奥林匹克精神上大学，在人才赛场上追求更快、更高、更强的目标！求更快、更高、更强的目标！4 4 Campus Life:Which do you prefer?5 5What are they doing?6 6What can we do?Why is he doing so?7 7W
3、ould you like to take part in the extra-curriculum activities?8 8What does that mean?Updated and upgradedWhyWhathowLearn moreLearn wellLearn efficientlyLearn effectively9 9我应该怎样读大学？我应该怎样读大学？我应该怎样学大学英语？我应该怎样学大学英语？大学是什么？“大”在哪里？高等教育是什么？“高”在哪里？大学生应当学什么？怎样学？大学英语的课程意义、目标、内容、要求、方法、标准、测试大学英语与中学英语的区别1010Scho
4、ol-related Person-related Questions What are you going to learn?What are you going to learn?How are you expected to How are you expected to learn?learn?What level are you expected What level are you expected to reach?to reach?How difficult is it at this How difficult is it at this level?level?WhatWh
5、at s the difference s the difference between Middle School between Middle School English and College English?English and College English?Etc.Etc.Why do you attend university?Why do you attend university?For what purposes do you study For what purposes do you study English?English?What do you need in
6、 learning What do you need in learning English?English?How much time,energy and How much time,energy and effort will you invest onto effort will you invest onto English study?English study?How can you learn College How can you learn College English well?English well?Etc.Etc.1111Teaching&Learning Way
7、s 1212Your knowledge about ELT Traditional approach Modern approachTeacher:Learner:Classroom:Out of class:(in a group of four,try to work out the points and collect the ideas,then present/share them in class)1313Traditional ModernTeacher-centred vs learner-centredInstruction/text-based vs task-based
8、Language knowledge focused vs skill focusedPaper test vs performance testMark-minded vs ability developedIndividual learning vs cooperative learning Spoon-feeding by teacher vs autonomous learning“Classroomese”exercises vs real-world like practice “Book worm”vs human resources/talents The features o
9、f the ELT in Summary1414Your Choice/preferenceA Traditional approach B modern approachC traditional+modern approachesD modern+traditional approachesWhy?1515What Is College English?6 whats What is“college/university”?What is“college/university student”?What is“English”?What is“College English”?What i
10、s“learning”?What is“Task-based Learning”?at the college/tertiary level:Objectives,Contents,Methods,RequirementsAssessment,Criteria1616What do you think of the saying?“Collegeisafountain.”some students come to drink.some students come to sip.some students come to gargle.Sip:drinkslowly,takingverysmal
11、lmouthfuls慢慢品尝Gargle:washyourmouth漱漱口“Luckandpreparationarealwaystogether.”“Luckfavoursthosewhoareprepared.”1717What is College?Modern Higher Educational Missions Learn to know knowledge Learn to do skill/ability Learn to live together attitude/strategies Learn to be quality1818 learn to know:Knowle
12、dge:linguistic,cultural(ChineseandWestern,English-speakingcountries,cross-culturalcommunication),commonknowledgeonscienceandarts,etc.learn to do:Skills/methods,capabilities:learntolearn.learntodothings(writing,presenting,debating,questioning,arguing,organizing,dealingwithproblems,copingrelationships
13、,handlingmatters,etc.todevelopyourcapabilities,personalandinterpersonal,academicandsocial learn to live together:Attitude:teamspirit,learncooperatively,completetasks/projects learn to be:Quality:Well-educatedandcultivatedhumanbeing,qualifiedhumanresources,talents1919What are the university students?
14、Higher-educatedhuman resourcesHighly-qualifiedHuman being:intellectualbeing,thinkingbeing,emotionalbeing,intelligentbeing,creativebeing,productivebeing,socialbeing,culturalbeing,globalbeing,valuablebeingStudents whowantto,haveto,areabletousetheinternationallanguageeffectivelyforfutureinternationalco
15、mmunicationintheworkplaceoracademicfield2020What is English?2121English as a LanguageCommon/popular languageInternational languageNative languageFirst languageSecond languageMother tongueForeign languageOfficial languageComputer languageWidely-used languageInfluential languageCosmopolitan languageUn
16、iversal/global languageBusiness languageScientific languageBut what is language?-Code system,linguistic rules-tool,communicative abilities2222English as a ToolcommunicationBridging gapsinternetE-mailLearning/studyingHowtomakethetoolusable/workable?Itisamatterof“use”insteadof“usage”!2323English as Sk
17、illsListening skillSpeaking skillReading skillWriting skillTranslating skillServing skillHowtolearn/command/developskills?Itisamatterof“can”insteadof“know”!2424English as MeansConvey thoughtsExpress feelingFind good jobsStudy abroadSurvive in the“global village”Compete with rivalsPayattentiontoitsfu
18、nctionsandyourperformance!2525English as Culture&CulturesliteraturehistoryreligionbeliefsattitudesvaluesconceptscourtesymannerscustomsInternationalcommunicationiscross-culturalcommunication!Thetargetlanguagecultureandthespeakersculturalbackground!2626English as Behavioreducationcultivationimagemanne
19、rsprofitProperbehavior,spokenorwritten,canhelpwinningthebusiness.Inappropriatebehaviorcanresultinlosingthebusiness.2727Varieties of EnglishStandard/RP(received pronunciation)/BBC/Oxford/Royal EnglishScottish,American,Australian EnglishformalslangwrittenFour-letter wordtaboojargonColonial,Indian,Mala
20、ysia EnglishinformalspokeneuphemismJapanese English,China EnglishDontjustlearntextbookEnglish,classroomEnglishandChineseEnglish!2828English Learning PurposesEnglish Learning PurposesEGP:English for General PurposesESP:English for Specific/Special PurposesEEP:English for Educational purposesEAP:Engli
21、sh for Academic PurposesEBP:English for Business PurposesEOP:English for Occupational PurposesEST:English for Science and TechnologyEMP:English for Medical PurposesEP:Dont learn English just for examination purposes!2929What is College English?College English Syllabus(2007 updated edition)Objectives
22、:Todevelopyourselvesasmodernhumanresourceswithcross-culturalcommunicationknowledgeandcapabilitiesthattheglobalworldneedsToreceivehighereducationthroughlanguagelearningTooperationallycommandEnglishasatoolforinternationalcommunication3030语言知识语言知识语言应用语言应用语言策略语言策略linguisticSocio-linguisticstrategicLangu
23、age Communicative Competence LevelsLanguage Communicative Competence LevelsprimarysecondarytertiaryPreliminaryIntermediateadvancedEducationallylinguistically3131MAJOR AREAS OFENGLISH LESSONSlinguistic&culturalknowledgelanguageskillslearningmethodssocialstrategies&workingabilitiesknowledgeskillabilit
24、ymethod3232linguistic&cultural knowledgepronunciationgrammarstylisticswordbuildingcultureknow3333language skillslisteningspeakingreadingwritingtranslatingcan3434learning methodsfindinformationusedictionaryProcessknowledgedeductioninductiondealwithgapslearnbyusing/doingcan3535social strategies&workin
25、g abilitiesnegotiatingpersuadingarguingdefendingcooperatingdealingwithrelationshipsolvingproblemscan3636personal capabilities:bereadytoacceptresponsibilityfortheirownlifelongdevelopment,setrealizablepersonalgoalsandcareerplans,possessthelearningandcommunicationskillsinterpersonal capabilities:share
26、ideas,opinions and experiences with others,work in a team,use oral and written methods tocommunicateeffectivelyintheworkplacevocational capabilities:dealwithrelationship,handlematters,solveproblems,fulfiltasks,respondtochallenges,etc.人人才才职职场场能能力力发发展展3737Information technology capabilities:make confi
27、dent use of computer-based systems for handling textual,graphical and numerical information appropriate to the nature of the work they are likely to pursueInnovative and problem solving capabilities:apply their transferable skills to the execution of individual and group projects,demonstrate creativ
28、ity,flexibility,perception,decisiveness,confidence and an awareness of values(Coventry University 1997:capabilities to be developed for talents)人人才才职职场场能能力力发发展展3838CLASSROOM LESSONSgrammarSOCIETY LESSONSsituationsfunctionstopicsneedsLESSONS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENTcommunicativecreativeinitiativeprodu
29、ctivecapablecompetentup-gradedup-datedcooperativeresponsibleintegritedcultivatedefficientindependentconscientiousExpanding the Classroom/Getting Away from“Classroomese”skillsvocabularyculturetransferableflexiblesmart3939 intakeinputoutputnoticeA Complete Language Learning ProcessOutside-forcedinputS
30、elf-driveninputPurposefulinputMotivated/effectiveinputLack,need,want,must4040CollegeEnglishSTUDENTCommunicatorParticipant“fisherman”“athlete”“practitioner”“humanresources”Audience“receptacle”OnlookerFishbuyer“scholar”ActivelearningPassivelearningTeacher-centredSpoon-feedingStudent-centredAutonomousl
31、earning4141Changes of ELTAnalyzegrammarInput-amountTeaching-basedKnowledge-basedknowText-basedProduct-orientedTeachingassignmentsdeductionScore-mindedinductionAbility-targetedLearningassignmentsProcess-orientedTask-basedLearn“usage”LearntocommunicateLearntol,s,r,wcanSkill-basedOutput-amountLearning-
32、basedUsegrammarLearn“use”CommunicatetolearnL,s,r,wtolearnTraditionalapproachModernapproach4242Assessment of College EnglishPlacementtests(atthebeginning)Achievementtests(attheendofaterm)Proficiencytests(CET-4,CET-6)ESPcertificatetests(BEC,PET,etc.)Internationalentranceexams(IELTS,TOEFL,GRE,etc.)Jobr
33、ecruitmenttests/interviewsbyinternationalenterprises(P&G,Motorola,etc.)4343Communicative Methodologyo learner-centredoUse,not just usageoOracyoInteractionoFluency as well as accuracyoAuthenticityoDiscourseoExchangeofinformationoSkillsintegrationolearningbydoing4444What Is TBEL?Task-based English Lea
34、rning Approach Principles:learnbydoing,byfinishingreal-worldtasks,byworkingcooperativelyinateam,bydemonstratingknowledge,skills,creativityandproductivity Criteria:Preparation30%,Participation30%,Performance30%,Reflection10%End Products:Theme-based,Multi-media,pptcourseware,teamwork20-30presentationa
35、ndinteraction4545Tell me and I forget.Teach me and I remember.Involve me and I learn.-BenjaminFranklinfromNew Directions(PeterS.Gardner)1998CUPWhat is learning?Learners are an important resource for their own collective learning,and this resource can be accessed through collaboration,cooperation and
36、 experiential learning.fromDesigning Tasks for Communicative Classroom(DavidNunan)CUP19894646forcedstimulatedmotivatedactivatedoutputnoticelackedwantedneededmustencouragedinputPurposefulAuthenticReadingListeningMulti-sourcedCollege English Learning Model4747The Process of a Task:Formateam,chooseatop
37、icTradeideas,dividejobsSearch,selectandsequencetheinformationDesigntheinitialcoursewareandclassactivitiesMakeappointmentwithProf./TARevisetheproductPresenttheend-product/organizeactivitiesReceivecommentandevaluationEarncreditsandmakereflections4848“Task”meansallkindsofthingsintheworkplaceorinthereal
38、worldthatpeoplehavetodo/dealwith/handle/sortoutwithalanguageanditsrelatedabilitiessuchasplanning,organizing,thinking,negotiation,persuasion,explanation,argumentation,defense,evaluation,comment,comparison,decisionmaking,solvingproblems,etc.4949InteractiveEnglishFulfilling Tasks needs:involvementengag
39、ementteam-workspiritnegotiationSolvingproblems,dealingwithrelationship,real-world/work-placepracticecouragecooperationSkills,capabilities,strategies,creativity,originality5050ObservationObservationnarrationnarrationDetailed Detailed commentscommentsGlobal Global evaluationevaluationWhat is the What
40、is the team doingteam doingAlong with the Along with the procedureprocedurePresentationPresentationDemonstrationDemonstrationInteraction Interaction Good pointsGood pointsSuggestionsSuggestionsScores Scores TBL Observation sheetBy both the teacher and the students5151Concurrent Notingobservation she
41、etnarrationnarrationcommentcomment evaluationevaluationsuggestionsuggestionWhat are What are they doingthey doingIn detailIn detailSpeechSpeechPptPptInteractionInteractionGood pointGood pointscoresscoresUn-Un-satisfactionsatisfactionImprove-Improve-mentment5252Criteria3 Cs:contents,coherence,creativ
42、ity -clear in content -coherent in organization -creative in designing3 Ps:preparation,presentation,power point slides3 tions:presentation,demonstration,interaction5353 Presentation:Presentation:-contentscontents:theme-based,text-related,content-extended:theme-based,text-related,content-extended，aut
43、horspointsofview,teamsinterpretation,classopinions,authorspointsofview,teamsinterpretation,classopinions,perspective,supportiveperspective,supportive-speechspeech:well-prepared,fluent,clear,talkinsteadofreading:well-prepared,fluent,clear,talkinsteadofreadingaloud,openingandconcludingremarksaloud,ope
44、ningandconcludingremarks Demonstration:Demonstration:-clearthoughtclue,well-arrangedpoints,professionalclearthoughtclue,well-arrangedpoints,professionalstructurecomposedoffrontpage,content/outlinepage,structurecomposedoffrontpage,content/outlinepage,acknowledgementandreferences,endpageacknowledgemen
45、tandreferences,endpage-creativity:pptdesign,multi-media,varietyofsources,-creativity:pptdesign,multi-media,varietyofsources,activities,materials(e.g.internetdownload,media,TV,radio,activities,materials(e.g.internetdownload,media,TV,radio,movie,self-DV,VCD,newspaper,magazine,catalogue,movie,self-DV,V
46、CD,newspaper,magazine,catalogue,photo,picture,ads,scanningdocuments,etc.)activitiesphoto,picture,ads,scanningdocuments,etc.)activities(games,interview,roleplay,debate,contest,discussion,guess,(games,interview,roleplay,debate,contest,discussion,guess,etc.)etc.)Interaction:Interaction:betweenteammembe
47、rs,betweenclassmatesbetweenteammembers,betweenclassmatesguidelinesguidelines5454 Effects:Effects:stimulating,motivating,activating,involving,interesting,stimulating,motivating,activating,involving,interesting,languagelearning,communicationpractice,real-worldlikelanguagelearning,communicationpractice
48、,real-worldlikeexperienceexperience Structure:Structure:three-steppresentation:Introductionbody-conclusionthree-steppresentation:Introductionbody-conclusionsix-partpptpages:six-partpptpages:1 1）Frontpage:title,theme,presenters,backgroundpicture,Frontpage:title,theme,presenters,backgroundpicture,2)Ou
49、tlinepage:components2)Outlinepage:components3)Contentpages:sourcesandmeansofmaterials3)Contentpages:sourcesandmeansofmaterials4)Acknowledgementpage4)Acknowledgementpage5)Referencespage5)Referencespage6)Endpage6)Endpage Timing:Timing:20minutesatleast.20minutesatleast.guidelinesguidelines5555Varieties
50、 for Designing:Varieties for Designing:1)questions(warming-up,leading-in,open-ended,1)questions(warming-up,leading-in,open-ended,connected,furtherdown,back-up,developed,student-connected,furtherdown,back-up,developed,student-involving,common-sensed,etc.)involving,common-sensed,etc.)2)games/activitie