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1、复旦大学本科生非英语专业外语能力培养方案-学术英语社科 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望5 5Sociology MattersCultures all share certain basic characteristics despite differences.In this unit we will see how those characteristics change as cultures develop,and how cultures
2、 influence one another through their technological,commercial,and artistic achievements.Unit 5Sociology Matters Unit ContentsText AText BListeningSpeakingWritingLead-inText CLead-inTask Read the first paragraph of the text.Work in pairs and write down two examples of the development of culture in Ch
3、ina.1 _2 _Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinkingDifficult sentencesGroup discussionEnglish language for academic purpose Collocations Signpost language Formal EnglishUnit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText AnalysisAnalyzing the text by explaining
4、key terms1 Culturethe totality of learned,socially transmitted customs,knowledge,material objects,and behaviorUnit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis2 Cultural universalsadaptations to meet essential human needs,such as peoples need for food,shelter,and clot
5、hinge.g.athletic sports,cooking,funeral ceremonies,medicine,and sexual restrictions(Anthropologist George Murdock)(Para.2)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysisthe process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture:1)discovery:making known or sharing
6、the existence of some aspect of realitye.g.the finding of the DNA molecule;identification of a new moon of Saturn(Para.5)2)invention:an invention results when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before.e.g.the bow and arrow,automobile,the Internet(Para.5)3 InnovationU
7、nit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text A Text Analysis 4 Globalization the worldwide integration of government policies,cultures,social movements,and financial markets through trade and the exchange of idease.g.Starbucks in China(Para.6)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritica
8、l reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis5 Diffusion the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society.e.g.Diffusion can occur through a variety of means:exploration,military conquest,missionary work,the influence or the mass media,tourism,and the Internet.(P
9、ara.7)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis6 McDonaldization the process through which the principles of the fast-food restaurant have come to dominate certain sectors of society,both in the United States and throughout the worldUnit 5Sociology MattersText
10、 ACritical reading and thinking of Text AMcDonaldization is associated with the melting of cultures.Examples:In Japan:African entrepreneurs have found a thriving market for hip-pop fashions popularized by teens in the United States.(Para.9)In Austria:the McDonalds organization has drawn on Austrians
11、 love of coffee,cake,and conversation to create the McCafe fast-food chain.(Para.9)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AIn some societies,McDonaldization has met resistance to the invasion of too much culture from other countries.Examples:In Canada:35%of a stations day
12、time radio programming is required be devoted to Canadian songs or artists.(Para.10)In Brazil:Barbies popularity has been eclipsed by Susi,a doll that looks more like Brazilian girls.(Para.10)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis7 Technologycultural inform
13、ation about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desirese.g.Technology has increased the speed of cultural diffusion and broadened the distribution of cultural elements.(Para.11)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analys
14、is8 Material culturethe physical or technological aspects of our daily lives,including food items,houses,factories,and raw materialsUnit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis9 Nonmaterial cultureways of using material objects and customs,beliefs,philosophies,go
15、vernments,and patterns of communication It is more resistant to change than material culture.Unit 5Sociology MattersText ACritical reading and thinking of Text AText Analysis10 Cultural lagthe period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material condition
16、se.g.the ethics of using the Internet,such as issues concerning privacy and censorship(Para.12)Unit 5Sociology MattersText ADifficult sentencesThe cultural practices listed by Murdock may be universal,but the manner in which they are expressed varies from culture to culture.(Para.3)These cultural pr
17、actices in Murdocks list are common to many societies,but these practices are carried out in ways that differ greatly among different cultures.Unit 5Sociology MattersText ADifficult sentencesEach generation,and each year for that matter,most human cultures change and expand through the processes of
18、innovation and diffusion.(Para.4)For that matter is used to show that a statement is true in another situation.Here it emphasizes the fact that human cultures change rapidly.Unit 5Sociology MattersText ADifficult sentencesToday,more and more cultural expressions and practices are crossing national b
19、orders,transforming the traditions and customs of the societies exposed to them.(Para.7)Today cultural expressions and practices of different countries are influencing each other.Hence the traditions and customs of many societies are changed under the influence.Unit 5Sociology MattersText ADifficult
20、 sentencesSociologist George Ritzer coined the term“McDonaldization”(Para.8)Coin:to use a word or phrase that no one has used before.Coining of new terms is common in social science studies,often serving to introduce a new concept or theory.Her wardrobe includes(Para.10)The clothes that the Brazilia
21、n doll hasUnit 5Sociology MattersText ADifficult sentencesTodays technological developments no longer need await publication in journals with limited circulation.Press conferences,often carried simultaneously on the Internet,now trumpet new developments.(Para.11)Today when new technology is develope
22、d,it does not have to introduce itself in specific journals;rather it normally draws on online press conferences to spread the information.Unit 5Sociology MattersText ADifficult sentencesthe ethics of using the Internet,particularly issues concerning privacy and censorship,have not yet caught up wit
23、h the explosion in Internet use and technology.(Para.12)The Internet ethical issues,particularly privacy and censorship issues are not fully discussed and well developed,thus is lagging behind the rapid increase in the Internet use and technology.Unit 5Sociology MattersText AGroup DiscussionIt is sa
24、id that people in different societies take different attitudes toward diffusion.What kind of attitude do Chinese people take toward diffusion?Use examples to illustrate your point.Unit 5Sociology MattersCollocationText AEnglish language for academic purpose1.人们对衣食住的需求人们对衣食住的需求2.推出新概念推出新概念3.解除现有的工作关系
25、解除现有的工作关系4.改变社会传统和习俗改变社会传统和习俗 Task 1 Translate the following expressions related to sociology into English(P96)peoples need for food,shelter,and clothing introducing a new idea sweep away existing working relationships transform the traditions and customs of the societyUnit 5Sociology Matters1Text A
26、English language for academic purpose dilute the distinctive aspects of a societys culture the cultural invasion from other countries satisfy human needs and desires issues concerning privacy and censorship5.削弱社会文化中的特殊方面削弱社会文化中的特殊方面6.来自于其他国家的文化侵略来自于其他国家的文化侵略7.满足人类的需求和欲望满足人类的需求和欲望8.关于隐私和审查的问题关于隐私和审查的
27、问题CollocationTask 1 Translate the following expressions related to sociology into English(P96)Unit 5Sociology Matters1Text A2Task 1 Complete the sentences with the collocations in the box.(P97)English language for academic purposeCollocation Unit 5Sociology Mattershuman needs and desires level of pr
28、ivacymaterial culture social consequencesworking relationship worldwide integration2Text A2Task 1 Complete the sentences with the collocations in the box.(P97)English language for academic purposeCollocation Unit 5Sociology Matters1.Internet users may achieve an adequate _ through controlled disclos
29、ure of personal information.2.This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the _ of population decline and aging in Japan.3.Sociologists use the term“globalization”to refer to the resulting _ of government policies,cultures,social movements and financial markets.level of privacysocial consequences
30、worldwide integration2Text ATask 1 Complete the sentences with the collocations in the box.(P97)English language for academic purposeCollocation Unit 5Sociology Matters4.A final recommendation of the consultants was a radical attempt to forge a closer _ between the board and staff members.5.In the s
31、ocial sciences,“_”is a term that refers to the relationship between artifacts and social relations.6.Abraham Maslow wrote his Hierarchy of Needs theory wherein he attempted to document the five levels of _.human needs and desiresmaterial cultureworking relationship2Signpost language may be classifie
32、d in a variety of ways At the essay level be sorted into functional groups Depending upon the purpose or intent of the writer Paragraphs may also be classifiedText AEnglish language for academic purposeTask 2 Classification Read the paragraph on Page 98 and underline signpost language of classificat
33、ion.Unit 5Sociology MattersText AIn academic writing,claims are often couched in tentative language.This is known as hedging.English language for academic purposeFormal EnglishModal auxiliary verbs:can,could,may,might,should,would Other modal verbs:appear,look,seem,tend Probability adjectives:likely
34、,possible,probable,unlikely Probability adverbs:perhaps,possibly,probably,presumably Frequency adverbs:generally,occasionally,often,seldom,usually Unit 5Sociology MattersText A2Task 3 Complete the sentences with hedging expressions.(P98)English language for academic purposeFormal EnglishUnit 5Sociol
35、ogy Matters1.The cultural practices listed by Murdock _ be universal,but the manner in which they are expressed varies from culture to culture.For example,one society _ let its members choose their own marriage partners.Another _ encourage marriages arranged by the parents.maymaymayText A2Task 3 Com
36、plete the sentences with hedging expressions.(P98)Formal EnglishUnit 5Sociology Matters2.Globalization _ be defined as the worldwide integration of government policies,cultures,social movements,and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.3.One economist went so far as to suggest th
37、at the entire field _ be simply summarized:“People respond to incentives.The rest is commentary.”maycouldEnglish language for academic purposeText A2Task 3 Complete the sentences with hedging expressions.(P98)Formal EnglishUnit 5Sociology Matters4.When deciding how safely to drive,rational people co
38、mpare,_ unconsciously,the marginal benefit from safer driving to the marginal cost.5.Economists,like astronomers and evolutionary biologists,_ have to make do with whatever data the world happens to give them.6.Workers unemployed for many months are more _ to suffer economic and psychological hardsh
39、ip.likelyusuallyperhapsEnglish language for academic purposeText BCritical reading and thinkingDifficult sentencesEnglish language for academic purposeResearchingUnit 5Sociology MattersText B Sociologists view on globalization“Globalization means an increase in the geographic range of locally conseq
40、uential social interactions.”(Charles Tilly)tourist gazethe expectation on the part of the tourist that he or she will have exotic experiences while traveling abroadCritical reading and thinking Main points of the textUnit 5Sociology MattersText B Effects of globalization on international tourismGlo
41、balization has greatly expanded the possibilities for international travel.(Para.2;find statistics to illustrate it)High level of international tourism translated into an increase in the number of face-to-face interactions between people of different countries.Critical reading and thinking Main poin
42、ts of the textUnit 5Sociology MattersText B exotic experiencesexperiences that violate our everyday expectation about how social interaction and interaction with the physical environment are supposed to proceed e.g.Americans traveling in England may delight in the fact that the British drive on the
43、left-hand side of the road.(Para.3)Critical reading and thinking Main points of the textUnit 5Sociology MattersText B Most of tourists do not want their experiences to be too exotic.e.g.the popularity of McDonald in Paris among young American tourists(Para.4)Critical reading and thinking Main points
44、 of the textUnit 5Sociology MattersText BWhat can sociologists study about the tourist increases with the march of globalization?e.g.dominant patterns of interaction that emerge between tourists and locals;whether these interactions are friendly or antagonistic(Para.6)Critical reading and thinking M
45、ain points of the textUnit 5Sociology MattersText BDifficult sentencesAmericans,of course,have always interacted with people from foreign lands if for no other reason than America itself is an ethnically and culturally diverse nation.(Para.1)Americans,of course,have always communicated with people f
46、rom other cultures simply because America itself is an ethnically and culturally diverse nation.Unit 5Sociology MattersText BDifficult sentences“globalization means an increase in the geographic range of locally consequential social interactions”(Para.1)Globalization means those social interactions
47、that used to just impact the local community now has an impact that reaches beyond the local area.Unit 5Sociology MattersText BDifficult sentencesHigh levels of international tourism,of course,translate into an increase in the number of face-to-face interactions between people of different countries
48、.(Para.3)High levels of international tourism,of course,leads to an increase in face-to-face communications between people of different countries.Unit 5Sociology MattersCollocation witness the effects of globalizationsocial interaction a proportion ofdelight inbe disconcerting totake pleasure input
49、strains onwith the march of globalizationText BEnglish language for academic purposeUnit 5Sociology MattersTeam work:Form groups of 4-5 and conduct a research about Chinese tourists traveling abroad.The following prompts may be helpful:the number of Chinese tourists abroad every yearthe countries th
50、ey visit and the length they stay therethe aspects or things they are interested intheir shopping behaviorshow the tourists interact with locals Researching Unit 5Sociology MattersText BTask 1(P103)1.The“tourist gaze”refers to the expectation of a tourist when he or she travels abroad to have experi