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1、名词 第1章 （一）名词分类专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名,团体机构名称Lucy, China, the Great Wall可数名词不可数名词个体名词dictionary, pencil, chair, window集体名词family, police, class, group, team抽象名词(表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念)knowledge, danger, health, life, homework物质名词(表示构成各种物体的物质或材料)rice, glass, paper, air, wood（二）名词的数1. 规则名词的复数形式构成方法列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在
2、词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, loaf-loaves, half-halves, wife-wives, knife-knives4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-
3、cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或以y结尾的专有名词，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以o结尾的名词四个加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿7其他以o结尾的名词加-spiano-pianos, radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-pat
4、hs,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1元音变化man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复同形sheep, deer, fish3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, glasses4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体），也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population,
5、team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义forces(军队), times(时代), drinks(饮料), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力) 7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchmen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数boyfriends, sons
6、-in-law,将两部分变为复数women teachers, men workers国别国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese英国人the Englishan Englis
7、hmantwo Englishmen（三）名词的所有格 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, Teachers Day不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, Childrens Day以s结尾的人
8、名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家 店铺,所有格后名词省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles注意：someone, everybody, no one和else连用时, 在el
9、se后加s, 如 somebody elses pencil2. s所有格的用法：1表示时间 ten minutes walk, todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示天体自然现象 the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词 the countrys plan, Chinas capital, Changshas industry4表示工作群体 the teams victory5表示度量衡及价值 three hundred meters distance, a five dollars
10、 note3. of所有格的用法：凡不能用“s”的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所属关系1） 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 2） 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 3） 双重所有格of+名词所有格，of+名词性物主代词 常用于表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩表部分： a friend of my brothers a picture of mine 4）名词的双重所有格与“of + 名词”结构之间的区别：a. 句子
11、所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：He is a friend of my fathers. （着重说明“父亲”的朋友不止一个，等于He is one of my fathers friends.）He is a friend of my father. （着重说明“他”是父亲的一个朋友）b. of前面是picture等词时，含义不同。试比较：This is a picture of my teachers. 这是我老师收藏的一张照片。This is a picture of my teacher. 这是我老师的一张照片。2、 真题演练 （ ）1. Is the school bag under t
12、he desk yours? No, its my _.He left it there just now. 【长沙】 A. brotherB. brothersC. brothers（ ）2.Please give me some _ on how to learn English well. 【益阳】A. planB. informationC. advice（ ）3. Recently people care more about the safety of _. Everyone wants to eat healthily. 【2014衡阳】A. foodsB. clothesC.
13、buildings（ ）4.Im so hungry. Please give me to eat.【2013四川遂宁】A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads（ ）5.A _ player named Li Jianrou from China won Chinas first gold medal in 2014 Winter Olympics.【邵阳】A. 27-years-oldB. 27-year-oldC.27 years old（ ）6.There are fifty _in our schoo
14、l. They are all friendly to us.【贵州省安顺市中 考】 A. woman teachersB. women teacherC. woman teacher D. women teachers（ ）7. Lily, lets make vegetable salad. How many _do we need? One is enough. 【贵州省贵阳市中考】A. orangesB. tomatoesC. potato（ ） 8.Would you like some _?No, thank you. I dont like drinks at all.【郴州】A
15、. coffeeB. breadC. meat（ ） 9.The Smiths are watching the mens table tennis match at the moment.【贵州省黔西 南州】 A. Mr. SmithB. Mrs. SmithC. The Smith familyD. Mr. Smith and his son（ ）10.I want a sweet milk. Put some _ in my cup, please. 【河北】A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar（ ）11.You may go to Milan for a free
16、trip. Its a very kind_, but I really cant accept it.【2014年河南】A. excuseB. offerC. promiseD. decision（ ）12. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _.【内蒙古呼和浩特】A. noticeB. messageC. sentenceD. information（ ）13. How many _has the child had? Only four in the front.【2014年湖北省恩施】A. earsB. tooth C. teeth
17、（ ）14. Its a wise _ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well. 【湖北省 州】A. agreementB. supportC. choiceD. condition（ ）15.The online shop sells _clothing at a very good price.【江苏省盐城】 A. child and mans B. children and mensC. childrens and men D. childrens and mens三、提高练习 （一）用所给单词的适当形式填空1. It is (
18、Lily and Lucy) room.2. There are a lot of (boy) students in our class.3. We have many (man) teachers in our school.4. Liu Xiang is very (success), but he is not an overnight (success).5. He finished the work without any (difficult).6. The radio says there will be much (rain) the next day.7. There ar
19、e many (sheep) and (goose) on my grandfathers farm.8. The boys under the tree are (Germany).9. I dont know how many _ (life) were lost in the fire10. How far is it from your home to your school? Not far. Just five _ (minute) walk（二）用所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意义完整。In 1. (today) world many people seem to be hung
20、ry for money. Some of them even lose their 2. (life) for it. Money does have its most useful 3. (affect) on the poor, but once a person has a rich life, a lot more money doesnt mean more 4. (happy).If money was everything, all 5. (million) would have true love, true 6. (friend)，good health and a lon
21、g life. However, this is not always trueNothing else is more pleasant than the three 7. (word) which are I love you. But can love be bought? Im afraid not. Love means to give, not to take. To every person, health and long life are probably the most precious(宝贵的)8. (thing). Well, can health and a lon
22、g life be bought? The answer is NoOf all the longest living people in the world, few of them are millionaires. True friendship cant be bought either. In a word, where money is worshiped(崇拜), money can cause 9. (brother) to quarrel, lovers to hate, 10. _(strange) to fight and so on. No matter how muc
23、h money you have, it is still not enough to make you a happy person if you have no one to laugh with, no one to cry for.（三）单项选择（ ）1.I saw some _and_ dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen; EnglishmenB. Germans; EnglishmansC. Germans; Englishmen（ ）2. Do you think the _ of this skirt
24、 suits me? Of course! You always look beautiful in red.A. sizeB. designC. priceD. colour（ ）3. Linda, could you help me? There are _ for supper. Sure, Ill go and get some. A. a little meatB. little riceC.a few eggs D. few vegetables（ ）4. National Day is coming in . Great. We will have a vacation.A. s
25、even days, seven days timeB. seven days, seven daysC. seven-day, seven days D. seven days, seven-day（ ）5. Why didnt you go on a trip with your family? Well, I wanted to, but I then I gave up that_.A. hobby B. habitC. thought D. mind（ ）6. Eating _food can help us keep in good_. A. health , healthB. h
26、ealth , healthyC. healthy , healthD. healthy, healthy（ ）7. Eddie eats _ food every day. Hobo thinks he needs some _. A. too much; exercisesB. too many; exercisesC. too many; exercise D. too much; exercise（ ） 8.Do you practice how to escape from dangers every term? Of course. Our school pays much att
27、ention to the _ of safety. A. development B. importance C. advertisementD. difference（ ） 9. Do you come to South Korea for the _ of seeing your family or doing business? I come here on business.A. interest B. benefit C. purposeD. thought（ ）10. Peter regards Guangzhou as his second _ because he has l
28、ived there for ten years.A. familyB. houseC. home （ ）11. Can you give me _ on how to surf the Internet?A. some pieces of advicesB. some piece of advicesC. some pieces of advice D. some piece of advice（ ）12. He likes _, but he doesnt like_ or _.A. meat; vegetable, fruitB. meat; vegetables, fruitC. to
29、matoes; potatos, broccolisD. strawberrys; salad, ice cream（ ）13. Last night, Dan hung out with his friends too late. When he came home, he went upstairs without a _. But to his surprise, his father was sitting in his room.A. noise B. soundC. voice D. silence（ ）14.School Art Festival will open_ a_ time.A. in; weeksB. after; weeksC. in; weeksD.after; weeks（ ）15.There are many places of _in China, many foreign visitors enjoy doing_ sightseeing here.A. interests; many B. interest; muchC. interests; muchD. interest; many