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1、编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第15页 共15页2012 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语真题答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see G.I. Joe as a mindless war
2、 toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but thats not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G.I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold
3、foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. i
4、s just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. G.I. joe had
5、a 11 career fighting German ,Japanese, and Korean troops. He appers as a character, or a 12 of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for c
6、overing the 14 side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow -and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization
7、 that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person intheir lives.1.A performed Bserved Crebelled Dbetrayed2.A actual Bcommon Cspecial Dnor
8、mal3.Abore Bcased Cremoved Dloaded4.Anecessities Bfacilitice Ccommodities Dpropertoes5.Aand Bnor Cbut Dhence6.Afor Binto C form Dagainst7.Ameaning Bimplying Csymbolizing Dclaiming8.Ahanded out Bturn over Cbrought back Dpassed down9.Apushed Bgot Cmade Dmanaged10.Aever Bnever Ceither Dneither11.Adisgu
9、ised Bdisturbed Cdisputed Ddistinguished12.Acompany Bcollection Ccommunity Dcolony13.Aemployed Bappointed Cinterviewed Dquestioned14.Aethical Bmilitary Cpolitical Dhuman15.Aruined Bcommuted Cpatrolled Dgained16.Aparalleled Bcounteracted Cduplicated Dcontradicte17.Aneglected Bavoided Cemphasized Dadm
10、ired18.Astages Billusions Cfragments Dadvancea19.AWith BTo CAmong DBeyond20.Aon the contrary B by this means Cfrom the outset Dat that point完形填空参考答案15 BBAAC 610 DCACB 1115 DBCDD 1620 ACCBDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each
11、 text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revisin
12、g their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that stud
13、ents from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do thei
14、r homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework co
15、unting for no more than 10%of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homewo
16、rk? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework
17、 to be unimportant to its students academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely,if homework matters,it should account for asignificant portion of the grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that the homewor
18、k students receive is meaningful oraooropriate to theirage and the subject.or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter a
19、nd conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_. A is receiving more criticism Bis no longer an educational ritual Cis not required for advanced courses Dis gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made
20、the rule about homework mainly because poor students_. Atend to have moderate expectations for their education Bhave asked for a different educational standard Cmay have problems finishing their homework Dhave voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the po
21、licy is that it may_. Adiscourage students from doing homework Bresult in students indifference to their report cards Cundermine the authority of state tests Drestrict teachers power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether_. A it should be eli
22、minated Bit counts much in schooling Cit places extra burdens on teachers Dit is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be_. AWrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy BA Welcomed Policy for Poor Students CThorny Questions about Homework DA Faulty Approach to Homework参考答案212
23、5 ACABDText 2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and fir
24、mly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests. Girls attraction to pink may seem unav
25、oidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way
26、of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its in
27、timations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of wh
28、at defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts
29、developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sal
30、es, they should create a “third stepping, stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boo
31、st profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying it is.the rainbow(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink_.Ashould not be the sole representation of girlhoodBshould not be associated with gir
32、ls innocenceCcannot explain girls lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？AColours are encoded in girls DNA.BBlue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.CPink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising
33、genders.DWhite is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced by_.Athe marketing of products for childrenBthe observation of childrens natureCresearches into childrens behaviorDstudies of childhood consumption29.We may lear
34、n from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_.Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothesBattach equal importance to different gendersCclassify consumers into smaller groupsDcreate some common shoppers terms30.It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be_.A clearly exp
35、lained by their inborn tendencyBfully understood by clothing manufacturersC mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenDwell interpreted by psychological experts参考答案2630 ABACCText 3In 2010, a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for de
36、cades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th
37、 they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to
38、firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents s
39、uppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case,
40、arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals courts decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of i
41、ndividual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how g
42、enes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought
43、by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like .A their exe
44、cutives to be activeB judges to rule out gene patentingC genes to be patentableD the BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe that .A genetic tests are not reliableB only man-made products are patentableC patents on genes depend much on innovationD courts should restrict a
45、ccess to gene tic tests33. According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for .A establishing disease correlationsB discovering gene interactionsC drawing pictures of genesD identifying human DNA34. By saying “each meeting was packed”(Line4,Para.6) the author means that .A the supreme court was authoritativeB the BIO was a powerful organizationC gene patenting was a great concernD lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene