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1、精品学习资源Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 pointsThe Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of c
2、yber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3.Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “ voluntary trusted identity ” system that would be
3、 the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digitalcredential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity sy
4、stems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require a n Internet driver s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have
5、these “ single sign-on ” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12. the approach would create a“ walled garden ” n cyberspace, with safe“neighborhoods ” and bright“ streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “ v
6、oluntary ecosystem” in which “ individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure15 which the transaction runs ” .Still, the administration s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the app
7、roach ； others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet“ drive s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the“ voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt
8、 would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2. A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3. A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD
9、.helpless4. A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal欢迎下载精品学习资源5 A.information B.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6. A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7. A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8. A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9. A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.deliv
10、ered11 A.carry onB.linger onC.set inD.log in12.A. In vainB.In effectC.In returnD.In contrast13A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing14A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.event
11、ually18A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced完形填空参考答案15 ACBDD610 BACCB 1115 DBACA1620 ADACDSection IIReading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after eac
12、h text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40points欢迎下载精品学习资源Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles withoutat
13、tracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2021 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman s compensation committee ； how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked. By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time
14、, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling,
15、 outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayedfrom one p
16、roxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentratedon those“ surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earning
17、s increased by nearly 20%. The likelihoodof being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, i
18、t does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they“ trade up. ” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations ifthey leave a firm before
19、 bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoingoccurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors willfollowthe example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular o
20、n campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for. Againing excessive profitsB failing to fulfill her dutyC refusing to make compromises Dleaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be. Agenerous investorsB unbiased executi
21、vesC share price forecasters欢迎下载精品学习资源D independent advisers23. Accordingto the researchers from Ohio Universityafter an outside director s surprise departure, the firm is likely to.Abecome more stable Breport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock market Dperform worse in lawsuits24. It can b
22、e inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors. Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firm Care accustomed to stress-free work in the firm Dwill decline incentives from the firm25. The author s attitude toward the role of outside di
23、rectors is. ApermissiveBpositive Cscornful DcriticalTEXT 1参考答案21A ；细节题：原文第1 段，倒数第 3 行的 how could .直接提到了 bonus payouts 就是说 profits ；22. C；细节题：原文中显现outside directors 有几处， helpfulbut less biased advisor，但是 B 选项用的是 executive, 拼凑答案， D 选项也是一样；最终一句weathered their own crises 对应 forecasters；23. C；细节题：原文是如干个并
24、列，stock is likely to perform worse对应答案， 困惑选项是 B ，但是主语不一样 20%是 probability 不是 earnings；24A ；推理题：原文对应firms who want to .说想留住 outside director 就是增加 incentive ；欢迎下载精品学习资源25B ；态度题：文章各个段落都说outside director 的方面；因此是 positive ；Text 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper. A year ago the end seemed near.
25、 The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their owndoom. America s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks abtou how to save newspapers. Should they become charita
26、ble corporations. Should the state subsidize them . It willhold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come
27、of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 1
28、3,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmerproducts. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming mor
29、e balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues fromreaders and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2021, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development OECD.In Japan t
30、he proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwindthat swept throughnewsrooms harmed everybody, but much ofthe damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general busine
31、ss reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “ Newspapers like their own doom ” Lines 3-4, Para. 1, the author indicates that newspaper.A neglected the sign of crisis
32、 Bfailed to get state subsidies Cwere not charitable corporations Dwere in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because. Areaders threatened to pay lessB newspapers wanted to reduce costs欢迎下载精品学习资源C journalists reported little about these areas Dsubsc
33、ribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared withtheirAmericancounterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they.A have more sources of revenue Bhave more balanced newsrooms Care less dependent on advertising Dare less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the
34、last paragraph about the current newspaper business. ADistinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.C Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. DReaders have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most
35、appropriate title for this text would be. AAmerican Newspapers: Struggling for Survival BAmerican Newspapers: Gone with the Wind CAmerican Newspapers: A Thriving Business DAmerican Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryTEXT 2 参考答案26D ；定义题：依据上下文猜句子的含义，后句American .save newspaper 中显现了 save 说明前面的观点确定是不好的才save，因此选
36、 D；27. B 推理题：定位处前一句是readers are paying more for slimmer newspaper. 因此说明人们多付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有even 表示并列，说明前后的缘由一样都是成本问题；28. C；推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题是广告收入来源；29. D；推理题： A 选项中有 essential, 文章中是说 distinctiveness 重要而非必要，有问题，D 选项是文欢迎下载精品学习资源章中 cars and film reviewers have gone. 说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者；30A
37、；主旨题：文章分析美国报纸显现的问题，说明要挽救；Text 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a
38、time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a sti
39、mulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase“ less is more ” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at Am
40、erican architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies s signature phrase means that less decoration, properlyorganized, has more impact that a lot.Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Lik
41、e other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big andoften empty.The apar
42、tments in the elegant towers Mies builton Chicago s Lake Shore Drive,forexample, were smaller-two-bedroomunits under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of
43、 the building s details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “ less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading tw
44、o-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “ Case Study Houses ”commissionedfromtalented modernarchitects by CaliforniaArts& Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the“ less is more ” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the lan
45、dscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryersbut his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing
46、style largely reflected the Americans. Aprosperity and growthB efficiency and practicality欢迎下载精品学习资源C restraint and confidence Dpride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus. AIt was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B Its designing concept was aff
47、ected by World War II.C Most American architects used to be associated with it. DIt had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design. Awas related to large spaceB was identified with emptinessC was not reliant on abundant decoration Dwas not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago s Lake Shore Drive. AThey ignored details and proportions.BThey were built with mate