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1、说理议论阅读理解基础练习（4）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2009江西,D)改编Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions.Letters to the editor must carry the writers full name,address and telephone number,although the information is not necessary for publication.This requirement to provide personal particular
2、s is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.When a writer wants his voice heard,he needs to claim ownership of his voice.Responsibility is the name of the game.“People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refu
3、se to accept responsibility for the relationship,” said social worker Ken Yip,“and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.” When we sign a paper,for example,a business contract or a bank document,the signature is a seal of consent,an agreement to take the matter seriously.Most governments
4、and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writers signature.The absence of a signature,they explain,tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.There are people who wish to remain anonymous(匿名的)for various reasons.Mul
5、ti-billionaire Mr.King donates generously to charity several times a year.He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring,and he does not want his good deeds to make news.In other cases,people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences
6、of revealing their identity.Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police,but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime.Name or no name? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved.We all have a name.It is a matter of responsibility to use it wh
7、en we make a statement,a claim or an accusation.We all want to honour our own name,and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say.1.What does the writer mean by saying“Responsibility is the name of the game”?()A.Writers need to provide their pers
8、onal information in the game.B.Publications must bear the writers full name,address and phone number.C.Writers should be responsible for their names.D.Names are required to indicate writers responsibility for what they say.2.The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may.A.help t
9、o end a relationshipB.not get a replyC.be accepted all the sameD.become a family problem3.Some people dont want their names known because they are .A.hesitant to make a donationB.unwilling to draw public attentionC.afraid of an accusationD.ready for involvement4.The passage is mainly about .A.honour
10、 and writersB.identity and signatureC.signature and responsibilityD.anonymity and signature语篇解读:本文论述了“署名”的问题,署名是负责任的象征,但有些情况下,人们不愿“署名”。答案及剖析:1.D推理判断题。由文章论述的内容尤其是末段倒数第二句的It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement,a claim or an accusation.可以推出D项正确。2.B事实细节题。由第二段末句可知答案为B。3.B事实细节
11、题。由文章倒数第二段内容可知答案为B。4.C主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文主要讲述的是署名与责任的问题,故选C。【长难句子分析】 我们都以自己的名字为荣,只有在我们表述的建议上签上自己的名字,我们才能尊重自己所说的话。该句中使用了强调句式。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。In parts of Africa, the sky is filled with a dark cloud. But this is no rain cloud. It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts that are travelin
12、g across the continent eating everything in their path.And in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in Senegal, West Africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. The radio station is in one of Senegals worst affected regions.This
13、is West Africas biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. As they move, they breed, and increase their number and will soon threaten Sudan in the northeast of Africa. Some say it could reach Asia.Experts say the great damage to crops in areas already s
14、uffering from food shortages and war could cause many people to go hungry. Governments in the region are not well equipped to fight the pest.Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “We are now treating 6,000 hectares per day with pesticide, but we nee
15、d to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania.Requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the crisis, the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization
16、warned.1. The purpose of offering people rice for catching locusts in Senegal is _.A. to get more people to eat rice so as to leave less for locustsB. to get more people involved in the war on the locustsC. to prevent more people from starvationD. to get more people to listen to the radio report on
17、locusts2. Which of the following is not the reason for West Africans going hungry?A. Locust disaster causes the great damage to crops.B. Food supply is far from the need of the people.C. These regions are affected by the war.D. Governments are unwilling to fight the pest.3. It can be concluded that,
18、 in order to end the locust disaster, _.A. leaders of 12 countries in West Africa should call on their people to take actionB. insects experts should be sent to these regionsC. other countries outside Africa should keep close watch on their own landsD. Help from all over the world is in urgent deman
19、d4. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Food shortage in Africa. B. International aid to Africa.C. The insects attack on Africa. D. Terrible storm in Africa.1. B 推测题。根据第二段意义，广播电台向听众悬赏捕杀蝗虫。可推测出其目的是让更多的人参与到救灾行动中来。2. D 细节理解题。根据第四段意义：专家称一些地区本来就食品匮乏，并饱受战火之苦，而灾害给农作物产量造成的损失更是雪上加霜。许多人因此而挨饿。3. D 推理题。根
20、据短文最后一段的意义：国际社会施以援手是抑制灾情的唯一方法。由此推理可得“国际援助迫在眉睫”。4. C 主旨题。根据短文第一段的描述及下文的阐发可看出本文的主题是“非洲西部的虫灾”。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。If you look for a book as a present for a child，you will be spoiled for choice even in a year there is no new Harry Patten. J.K Rowlings wizard is not alone .The past decade has b
21、een a harvest for good childrens books ,which has set off a large quantity of films and an increased sales of classics such as The lard of the Rings. Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children .According to statistics in 1997, 23% said they didnt like reading at all. In 2003,
22、 35% didnt. And around 6% of the children leave primary school each year unable to read properly. Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computes games. Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile. Either way, Chancellor Cordon Brown plans to change
23、things for the bottom of the class .In his pre-budget report, he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most. Reading Recovery is aimed at six year olds, who receive four months of individual daily half-hour classes with a specially trained teacher. An eva
24、luation this year reported that children on the school made 20 months progress in just one year, whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months progress ,and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age. International research tends to find that wh
25、en British children leave primary school, they read well ,but read text often for fun than those elsewhere .Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on reading can report lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator of future educational success . According to the OECD,
26、being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage. 1Which of the following is true of Paragraph 1? AMany childrens books have been adapted from films. BMany high-quality childrens books have been published. CThe sales of classics have led to the popularity of films. DThe sales of present
27、s for children have increased. 2Statistics suggested that_ . Athe number of top students increased with the use of computers Ba decreasing number of children showed interest in reading Ca minority of primary school children read properly Da huge percentage of children read regularly3What do we know
28、about Reading Recovery? AAn evaluation of it will be made sometime this year. BWeak readers on the project were the most hardworking. CIt aims to train special teachers to help children with reading. DChildren on the project showed noticeable progress in reading. 4Reading for fun is important becaus
29、e book-loving children _. Atake greater advantage of the project Bshow the potential to enjoy a long life Care likely to succeed in their education. Dwould make excellent future researchers 5The aim of this text would probably be _. Ato overcome primary school pupils reading difficulty. Bto encourag
30、e the publication of more childrens books Cto remind children of the importance of reading for fun Dto introduce a way to improve early children reading 【参考答案】15、BBDCD阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 I came to study in the United States a year ago. Yet I did not know the real American society until I
31、was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor and go to court. After the accident , my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and determined to repay him one day . But the next day , he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done . I was astonished .
32、He had good reason to charge me , he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury , Id have to have a good lawyer. And only a good doctor can help me get a good lawyer .Now that he had helped me find a good doctor , it was only fair that I should pay him .
33、But every time I went to see the doctor , I had to wait about 50 minutes . He would see two or three patients at the same time ,and often stop treating one so as to see another . Yet he charged me $115 each time . The final examination report consisted of ten lines , and it cost me $215. My lawyer w
34、as all smiles the first time we met . But after that he avoided seeing me at all . He knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident , yet he hardly did anything . He simply waited to collect his money . He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss him . And he made me pay him
35、$770.Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience, I told the insurance company the date I was leaving America . Knowing that ,they played for time, and I left without getting a cent. My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everythi
36、ng . It is more important than friendship, honor or professional morality . Secondly ,foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America , we should see both its good and bad sides .1. The authors roommate offered to help him because _. A. he felt sorry for the author B. he t
37、hought it was a chance to make some money C. he knew the doctor was a very good one D. he wanted the author to have a good lawyer2. A good doctor is essential for the author to_ . A. be properly treated B. talk with the person responsible for the accident C. recover before he leaves America D. event
38、ually get the responsible party to pay for his injury3. The underlined word “ charge “ in this passage means _. A. be responsible B. accuse C. ask as a price D. claim4. Both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very _. A. friendly B. greedy C. professional D. busy5. What conclusion can you draw from the story ? A. Going to court is something very common in America. B. One must be very careful while driving a car . C. there are more bad sides in America than good sides . D. Money is more important than other things in the US.【参考答案】15、BDCBD- 8 -