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1、说理议论阅读理解基础练习（1）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2011天津,D)改编Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction.To those who do not recognize their unique worth,imitation appears attractive;to those who know their strength,imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development,imitation is helpful.When I f
2、irst learned to cook,I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes.But soon I grew bored.Why follow someone elses way of cooking when I could create my own?Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a childs bicycle;they help you get going,but once you find your own balance,you fl
3、y faster and farther without relying on them.In daily life,imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models.If,as a child,you observed people whose lives were bad,you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did.If you do not make strong
4、choices for yourself,you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment,our culture glorifies celebrities.Those stars look great on screen.But when they step off screen,their personal lives may be disastrous.If you are going to follow someone,focus on their talent,n
5、ot their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have affected you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration,not despera
6、tion.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of
7、imagination.Study your role models,accept the gifts they have given,and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors tragedies and declare victory,and know that they are cheering me on.”1.Imitation proves useful when you .A.know you are uniqueB.los
8、e the balance of lifeC.begin to learn something newD.get tired of routine practice2.To avoid the bad result of imitation,we should .A.forget daily fear and painB.choose the right exampleC.ask others for decisionsD.stay away from stars3.According to the author,the world moves on because of those who
9、are .A.desperate to influence others with their knowledge.B.ready to turn their original ideas into realityC.eager to discover what their ancestors didD.willing to accept others ideas4.The trouble a creator faces is .A.the lack of strong motivationB.the absence of practical ideasC.how to search for
10、more materialsD.how to use imagination creatively5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?()A.To highlight the importance of creativity.B.To criticize the characters of role models.C.To compare imitation with creation.D.To explain the meaning of success语篇解读:本文为议论文。作者告诉人们:盲目模仿是自我毁坏。幸运垂青那
11、些乐于把自己的新奇想法付诸实践的人们;世界的发展更是需要这些有创造力的人。答案及剖析:1.C事实细节题。根据第二段第一句In the early stages of skill or character development.可知C项正确。2.B推理判断题。根据第三段第一句.imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models.(如果不经意地模仿了坏榜样就可能伤害到我们。)及下文的例子可知:为了避免模仿造成的恶果,我们应该选择好榜样。所以B项正确。3.B事实细节题。根据第五段第四句可知:世界之所以发展是
12、因为有那些乐于将自己的新奇想法付诸实践的人们,所以B项正确。4.D事实细节题。根据第五段的最后一句.it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.可知,一个创造者面对的困难是怎样创造性地利用想象力。所以D项正确。5.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者旨在凸显创造力的重要性,所以A项正确。【长难句子分析】 世界的发展并非源于那些模仿前人的人(世界的发展并非源于那些做前人做过的事的人),而是源于那些做自己内心所想的事的人。注:关联词not.but连接了两个介词短语by those;those后各带
13、有一个who引导的定语从句。【阅读理解】 For those who study the development of intelligence (智力) in the animal world，selfawareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence. Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror
14、, that is, its own reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans，and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins，have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.Now another animal ha
15、s joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror selfreflection test. “We thought that elephants were the next important animal，”said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study wit
16、h Joshua M. Plotnik and FansB. M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains，Reiss said, elephants “seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins.”The researchers tested Happy. Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put an 8footsquare mirror on a wall of the animals play area
17、(out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it，and to examine parts of their bodies.Of the three, Happy then passed the test，in which a clear mark was painted on one side of
18、her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.Diana Reiss said，“We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way.”文章通过实验说明能意识到自身形象的动物具有高智商。1. What can mirror tests tel
19、l us about animals?A. Whether they have large brains. B. Whether they have selfawareness.C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises. D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.答案：B。细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句话“Awareness can be tested by.”可知B项正确。2. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?A. They a
20、re most familiar to readers.B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.C. They are included in the study by Reiss.D. They are already known to be intelligent.答案：D。推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可知人们已经知道apes和dolphins是聪明的。3. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?A. She used her nose to search behind the mir
21、ror.B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.C. She painted a mark on her own face.D. She found the hidden camera.答案：B。推理判断题。由倒数第二段可推出Happy能辨别出自己在镜子中的形象。阅读理解。It is often necessary to release a fish, that is , set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just dont want to take it
22、home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided
23、below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible. Dont use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.Hold the fish gently. Do not pu
24、t your fingers in its eyes. Dont wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off thefish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no s
25、erious problem to the fish.Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water . Release the fish when it begins tostruggle and is able to swim.Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you aregoing to release a fish, do so right away.With a little
26、care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.1. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they _ A. dont want it to die B. hope it will grow quickly C. dont want to have it as food D. want to practice their fishing ski
27、lls2. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill?A. Taking the hook off it. B. Removing its scales. C. Touching its eves D. Holding it in your hand.3. A proper way to release a fish is to _. A .move it in water till it can swim B. take the hook out of its stomach C. keep it in a bucket for
28、 some time D. let it struggle a little in your hand4. What is the purpose of the text? A. To show how to enjoy fishing. B. To persuade people to fish less often. C. To encourage people to set fish free. D. To give advice on how to release fish.【参考答案】14、C B A D【阅读理解】- (2011山东卷)Arthur Miller(19152005)
29、is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary, drawn like so many others by the“Great American Dream”. However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depress
30、ion of the early 1930s. Millers most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system, with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into trou
31、ble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He
32、refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949, the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all
33、 three of these major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut, on the evening of February 10, 2005, the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.本文讲述了亚瑟米勒，美国著名的剧作家，以及他的著名的戏剧男售货员之死，当这部戏剧第一次搬上舞台时，赢得了巨大的成功，获得了三项大奖。1. Why did Arthur Mill
34、er s father move to the USA?A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist. D. His family business failed.答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句话“Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many
35、others by the Great American Dream”可知答案。2The play Death of a Salesman _.A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D. focuses on the skills in doing business答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第三、四句话可知，Wi
36、lly Loman已陷入美国社会制度的困境中，他已精疲力尽，在这残酷的商业世界中，他不知道应该怎样做，最后，他选择了自杀。由此可知A项正确。3. What can we learn about Willy Loman?A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner Company. C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.答案：C。推理判断题。由短文第二段可知，Willy Loman在这残酷的商业世
37、界中，根本没有情感可言，但是他又不能对不起他的雇主和公司，他又不知道如何处理自己的失败，只有选择自杀，由此可知他是美国社会制度的牺牲品。4. After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman_.A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony AwardC. was warmly welcomed by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists答案：A。细节理解题。由短文第三段可知，戏剧Death of a Salesman第一次搬上舞台，就赢得了三项大
38、奖，故A项正确。5. What is the text mainly about?A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won.C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his bestknown play.答案：D。主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要讲述了亚瑟米勒及他的名著Death of a Salesman，故D项正确。【阅读理解】-故事类-201*北京卷 Peanuts to ThisProudly reading m
39、y words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stonefaced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act th
40、is way？”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country
41、, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen,
42、 wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip(掷)a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails，my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly
43、 mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear，“My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I
44、 know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No redos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequent
45、ly, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginni
46、ng of the year as the headmaster informed me of my opinion to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!1What did the authors classmates think about his report?AControversial. BRidiculous. CBoring. DPuzzling.2Why was the author confused about the task?AHe was unfamiliar with American history.BHe follow
47、ed the advice and flipped a coin.CHe forgot his teachers instruction.DHe was new at the school.3The underlined word“burning”in Para. 3 probably means _.Aannoyed Bashamed Cready Deager4In the end, the author turned things around _.Aby redoing his task Bthrough his own effortsCwith the help of his grandfather Dunder the guidance of his headmaster【要点综述】本文讲述了作者作为一个外来移民初入美国学校时，由于对美国历史不了解而闹出的一个笑话，但作者通过努力最后终于提高成绩并实现跳级。1. B推理判断题。根据第一段内容我们知道，由于作者对美国历史的无知，弄混了乔治华盛顿的身份，所以同学们听了作者写的报告忍不住大笑起来。“bearing big smiles on the