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1、句子种类句子按交际用途可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句【陈述句】陈述句是用来说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。肯定的陈述句：主语+系动词+表语; 主语+谓语+其他eg: They are collage students. / This idea sounds good./ She often plays the piano.否定的陈述句: 主语+助动词/情态动词+not+动词原形+其他肯定陈述句：主语+系动词+表语 eg: They are college students. / Your idea sounds good. 主语+谓语动词+其他
2、eg: She often plays the piano. 否定陈述句：主语+be+ not+表语 eg: They are not college students.eg: I didnt go to the park yesterday. / We cant finish the work in three days.注意：（1） 除not外， 其他否定词如：no/ never / nothing / nobody / none / neither / few / little / hardly / seldom等也可构成否定句（2）肯变否：bothand- neither nor so
3、me-any too-either already-yet both-neither all-none almost-hardly many-few much-little often-seldom【疑问句】 疑问句可分为：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。1） 一般疑问句 用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序（be/情态动词/助动词提前）。-Are you a student? -Yes, I am./ No, Im not.-Have you had supper? -Yes, I have./ No, I havent.注意： 否定疑问句通常以-Are you
4、a student? -Yes, I am./ No, Im not.注意：否定疑问句以 be/情态动词/助动词与not的缩写形式开头， 表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气， 回答也用yes/no(根据事实回答)eg:-Dont you know him? -Yes, I do. We have been friends for many years. 2) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句疑问词有who, whose, what, which, where, when, why, how，how many, how much, how far, how often, how soon等3)选择疑问
5、句: 一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?； 特殊疑问句+A+or+B? 选择疑问句的回答不能用yes/no, 选择其中一个选项回答eg: -Are you a teacher or a doctor? -Im a teacher. -Which do you like best, chicken or beef? -Beef.4)反意疑问句（前肯后否； 前否后肯； 根据事实回答，前后一致）当陈述部分是“There be”结构时，反意疑问部分用be there. 当陈述部分是“There will be”结构时，反意疑问部分用wont there.陈述部分有never, hardly, seldom
6、, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词时，反意疑问部分要用肯定形式。如果陈述部分是带有否定前缀或后缀的词时(unhappy)，反意疑问部分仍用否定结构。以lets开头的祈使句，其反意疑问部分用shall we.其他祈使句其反意疑问部分均用will you。 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用代词he/ they。 陈述部分的主语是everything, nothi
7、ng, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it 当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose.)that. 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。I dont think he is tall, is he?【祈使句】1）肯定祈使句 1)实义动词原形+其他 Put away your things.2)be+其他 Be careful.3)Let +宾语+动词原形+其他 Lets go swimming.2）否定祈使句 1) Dont +动词原形+其他 Dont play computer games 2
8、) Dont be + 其他 Dont be late again.3) Let sb not do Let the baby not sleep.3） 用的祈使句：祈使句 +and/or +简单句(将来时) eg: Hurry up, or you will be late【感叹句】 感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式，句末用感叹号。感叹句句型：What a/an +adj. +可数名词单数+主语+谓语！eg: what an honest boy he is!What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！eg: What fine weather it is!
9、注意：1. 常考的不可数名词有：work / information / news / advice / fun / weather/music2. 易错句：What fun +主语+谓语！eg: What fun the Water Festival is!How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语！eg: How clever the girl is!How + adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！eg: How strange an old man he is!How +主语+谓语！eg: How times flies!整合集训（13-14中考）86. do, a, have,
10、 you, ruler _?87. nice, the taste, noodles _.88. far, the, how, museum, is _?89. pens, those, her, pass, black _.90. match, a, now, be, TV, football, there, on_.86. night, did, last, rain, it _？ 87. your, what, is, shirt, size _？88. gift, him, birthday, gave, a, I _.89. flower, what, are, beautiful, they _. 90. tennis, a, Nancy, twice, week, play _. 2