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1、.20182018 年高考英语真题卷北京卷年高考英语真题卷北京卷一、单项填空一、单项填空1.2018北京Hi,Im Peter.Are you new here?I havent seen you around?Hello,Peter.ImBob.I just _ on Monday.A.startB.have startedC.startedD.had started2.2018北京_ we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world willbe gone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Unti
2、l3.2018北京_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A.TraveltraveledD.Traveled4.2018北京 Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhoodwhen I visited her last year.A.is workingB.was workingC.has workedD.had worked5.2018北京 She and her family bicycle
3、to work,_ helps them keep fit.A.which B.who C.as D.that6.2018北京 During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together _ ameal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.share B.to share C.having shared D.shared7.2018北京 Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the pas
4、tfew years.A.are growing B.have grown C.will grow D.had grown8.2018北京 In any unsafe situation,simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent willget you the help you need.A.pressB.to pressC.pressingD.pressed9.2018北京 A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountainsfor two da
5、ys.A.are trapping B.have been trapped C.were trapping D.had been trapped10.2018北京 Ordinary soap,_ correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.A.usedB.to useC.usingD.useB.TravelingC.Having1/11.11.2018北京 Without his support,we wouldnt be _ we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why12.2018北京 In todays info
6、rmation age,the loss of data _ cause serious problems for acompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must13.2018北京 They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven14.2018北京Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointmen
7、t_ next Wednesday afternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at15.2018北京 This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hopefor the best.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what二、完形填空16.2018北京完形填空 The Homeless HeroFor many,finding an unattended wallet filled with400 in cash would be a source来源 of temptation诱惑.B
8、ut the1 would nodoubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.All of this makes theactions of the homeless Tom Smith2 more remarkable.After spotting a3 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,he stood guard in the rain forabout two hours waiting for
9、 the4 to return.After hours in the cold and wet,he5 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact联系 thedriver,only to6 it contained 400 in notes,with another 50 in spare changebeside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after7 a notebehind to let the ow
10、ner know it was safe.When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleagueCarol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35,000in Glasgow city centre,theywere8 to find two policemen standing next to it.The policemen told them whatMr.Smith did and that the wallet was9.The pair were later able
11、 to thank Mr.Smith for his10.Mr.Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy nevertook a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight11 he could havestolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and12 hedidnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others13.Its u
12、nbelievable.2/11.It just proves there are14 guys out there.Mr.Smiths act15 much of the publics attention.He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson16 about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr.Anderson hasset up an online campaign to17 money for Mr.Smith and other homeless people
13、in the area,which by yesterday had received 8,000.I think the faith that everyone has shown18 him has touched him.People have been approaching him in the street;hes had job19 and all sorts,Mr.Anderson commented.For Mr.Smith,this is a possiblelife-changing20.The story once again tells us that one goo
14、d turn deservesanother.1.A.hope2.A.still3.A.wallet4.A.partner5.A.turned6.A.discover7.A.taking8.A.satisfied9.A.safe10.A.service11.A.when12.A.rather13.A.too14.A.honest15.A.gave16.A.learned17.A.borrow18.A.of19.A.details20.A.lesson三、阅读理解3/11B.aimB.evenB.bagB.colleagueB.hidB.collectB.leavingB.excitedB.mi
15、ssingB.supportB.ifB.yetB.thoughB.politeB.paidB.postedB.raiseB.atB.changesB.adventureC.urgeC.everC.boxC.ownerC.steppedC.checkC.readingC.amusedC.foundC.kindnessC.whereC.alreadyC.againC.richC.castC.caredC.saveC.forC.offersC.chanceD.effortD.onceD.parcelD.policemanD.reachedD.believeD.writingD.shockedD.se
16、enD.encouragementD.becauseD.justD.insteadD.generousD.drewD.heardD.earnD.inD.applicationsD.challenge.17.2018 北京阅读理解 AMy First Marathon 马拉松A month before my first marathon,one ofmy ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks totrain.Yet,I was determined to go
17、ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my firstP.E.class,the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didnt do either well.He laterinformed me that I was not athletic.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me foryears.When I started running in my 30s,I realized runni
18、ng was a battle against myself,not aboutcompetition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body andmind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finishline.I woke up sweating and nervous,but ready to prove something to my
19、self.Shortly aftercrossing the start line,my shoe laces became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start Iwanted!At mile 3,I passed a sign:GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!By mile 17,I became out ofbreath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain,I stayed the course walking a bit andthen running a
20、gain.By mile 21,I was starving!As I approached mile 23,I could see my wifewaving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.orquestioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And Igot a medal.In fact,I got the same medal a
21、s the one that the guy who came in first placehad.Determined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels,Ican now call myself a marathon winner.1A month before the marathon,the author _.A.was well trained B.felt scared C.made up his mind to run D.losthope2Why did the author mention th
22、e P.E.class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funnystory.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.3How was the authors first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to theend.4Wha
23、t does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort ofwill.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.4/11.18.2018北京阅读理解 BFind Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation CenterIfyoure looking for a unique adventur
24、e,the Space and Aviation Center is the place to be.TheCenter offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots offun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC,with many seeking employment inengineering,aviation,education,medicine and a wide variety of other professions.T
25、hey come tocamp,wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot,and they leave with real-worldapplications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees,the programs also offer agreat way to earn merit badges.At Space Camp,trainees can earn their SpaceExploration badge as
26、they build and fire model rockets,learn about space tasks and try simulated flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program givestrainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test theiroperating skills in the cockpit of
27、a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a goodstart on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival throughdesigned tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the programs,teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being
28、 part of a bigger task.Allthis fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together,too,with FamilyCamp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there issomething here for everyone!For more details,please visit us online at oursac.1Why do
29、people come to SAC?A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get adegree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.2To earn a Space Exploration badge,a trainee needs to.A.fly to spaceB.get an Aviation badge firstC.study theprinciples of flightD.build and fire model rockets3W
30、hat is the most important for trainees?A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survivalskills.5/11.19.2018北京阅读理解 CPlastic-Eating WormsHumansproduce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills,and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far ther
31、e is no effective way to getrid of it,but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungryworms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax mothcan break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40%of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms ona com
32、mercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours,and the worms consumed and broke downabout 92 milligrams,or almost 3%of it.To confirm that the worms chewing alone was notresponsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into pasteand applied it to plastic films.14 hours later
33、 the films had lost 13%of their mass apparentlybroken down by enzymes from the worms stomachs.Their findings were published inCurrent Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms ability tobreak down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic.Wax
34、 is acomplex mixture,but the basic bond in polyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well,she explains,The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.JenniferDeBruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involved in the study,saysit is not surprising that such
35、 worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previousstudies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step,DeBruyn says,willbe to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gutmicrobes?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her t
36、eams findings mightone day helpemploy the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in somekind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.1What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday f
37、ood.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.Theycan consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.2According to Jennifer DeBruyn,the next step of the study is to.6/11.A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirmthe research findings D.increase the breakdown speed3I
38、t can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise worms B.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean theoceans D.be produced in factories in future4What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a specialworm.C.To
39、 present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keepeco-balance.20.2018北京阅读理解 DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robotcars has often seemed like a futurists dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Well,the future is apparently now.The Califo
40、rnia Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits inApril for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way forcompanies to sell or rent out self-driving cars,and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California,it should be noted,isnt lead
41、ing the way here.Companies have been testing theirvehicles in cities across the country.Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere onour roads.But however long it takes,the technology has the potential to change our transportationsystems and our cities,for better or for worse,depend
42、ing on how the transformation isregulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars,policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reducetraffic jams,cut emissions and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options.Thearrival o
43、f driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentallyfriendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today withdriverless cars?Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.Theytolerate long,slow journeys to and fro
44、m work on packed highways because they can work,entertainthemselves or sleep on the ride,which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to anappointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead ofwalking a few blocks to pick up a child or the
45、 dry cleaning,they send the self-driving minibus.Theconvenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effectresearchers have already found inride-hailing services.A study from the University ofCalifornia at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars world
46、wide with electric,7/11.self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%and cut thecost of transportation infrastructure and operations 40%by 2050.Fewer emissions andcheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almos
47、tcertainly be fielded by ride-hailing services,considering the cost of self-driving technology as wellas liability and maintenance issues.But driverless car ownership could increaseas the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.Policymakersshould start thinking now about h
48、ow to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesntextend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The comingtechnological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systemsdesigned to move more people,and more affordably
49、.The car of the future is coming.We just haveto plan for it.1According to the author,attention should be paid to how driverless cars can _.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.cause damage to our environmentD.make some people lose jobs2As for driverless car
50、s,what is the authors major concern?A.Safety.B.Side effects.C.Affordability.D.Management.3What does the underlined word fielded in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.4What is the authors attitude to the future of self-driving cars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.