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1、Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解基本概念:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now T hat is the house where helived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫 先行词；定语从句一般用 关系代词或关系副词 来引 导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时乂作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,who,whom,whose,which,as关 系副词有：when,where,why.二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从
2、句的关系词有 关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom所有格whose等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时乂作 定语从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限 制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不 可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法起补充说明作用，如省关系代词指代既指人，也指物在定语从句中的作用主语、宾语thatwh
3、ichwho指物（相当亍that）指人（相当亍that）主语、宾语主语whomwhose指人既指人，也指物宾语定语1.that既可以用丁指人，也可以用丁指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）用丁指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near
4、the train station is a supermarket.位丁火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）,whomffi丁指人，who用作主语，whomffl作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）经Who is the teacher（whom Li Ming
5、is talking to话的老师是谁（作宾语）正在与李明谈汪息：(1)在句末时，省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词当定语从句中含有介词，介词放who,that,which可+which/whom”结构。例如：这是我4去年居住This is the house in which we lived last year.的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。请告诉(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置 上。例如：This is the person whom
6、 you are looking for.人。这就是你要找的那个(3)that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动 词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.(4)关系词只能用that的情况：她居住的城市非常远。a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything
7、,anything,none,the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop什么东西要买吗？你在商店里有c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few等词修饰时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：I can remember well the pers
8、ons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能活楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.汤姆的。桌子上那本书是(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that,those时，用which
9、,而不用that.例如：What s that which is under the desk在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives.c.这是他居住的房间。弓I导非限制性定语从句，用which,而不用that.例如：Tom cameback,which madeus happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们彳艮高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等例如：T
10、his was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。注意：先行词表示地点，不一定都用Where引导定语从句一般来说，英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念：在定语从句中，如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等)，就用关系副词where引导定语从句。这种想法是错误的。如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少地点状语
11、，便用where来引导；如果定语从句不缺少状语，而是缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导，以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语 如an hour,we can travel to places would have taken our ancestorsdays to reach.A.whereB.when C.whichis thetown _I wantedD.whattovisit most.D.whatborn.A.whereB.when C.thatis thetown _ I wasA.whereB.when C.whichbeen to Beijing,D.
12、whatbutits the place，ve neverA.where I d like to visitB.in which I d like to visitC.D.I mostthat Iwanttovisitwanttovisitit most(3)why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。它的先行词只有reason c例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.道他为什么上学总迟到。没人知1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当丁一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during.)+which;
13、where=in(at,o.)例如：+which;why=for which.I was inBeijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.练习题I.单项填空1.-Do you know the man is talking with your father2.-Yes,he s our headmaster.?3.A.he B.who
14、C.which D.whom4.2.Is this the river I can swim?5.A.which B.in which C.that D.the one3.This is the best hotel in the city I know.4.A.where B.which C.that D.it5.4.Can you lend me the dictionary the other day6.A.that you boughtB.you bought it7.C.that you bought itD.which you bought it5.Anyone with what
15、 I said may put up you hands.6.A.which agrees B.who agree7.C.who agrees D.which agree8.6.My watch is not the only thing is missing.9.A.that B.it C.which who10.7.The man coat is black is waiting at the gate11.A.who s B.whose C.that of which.12.8.The girl is reading under the tree my sister.13.A.which
16、；is B.whom was C.who；is D.who；was14.9.I love places the people are really friendly.15.A.that B.which C.where D.who16.10.The world is made up of matter.?17.18.A.in that we liveC.where we live inB.on which we liveD.we live in19.皿、用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。20.1.The first thing you must do is to hav
17、e a meal.21.2.April 1st is the day is called April Fool s Day in the west.22.3.The family had lost everything in a big fire got much helpfrom their friends.23.4.The house we live in is very old.24.5.Di dn t you see the man I talked with just now根据句意，在横线处填上恰当的关系代词。1.Who drew the picture is worth 60,0
18、00 yuan2.The man is wearing a blue T-shirt is good at skating.3.This is a store sells all kinds of school things.4.The woman you talked to just now is our English teacher.5.The town we visited last time is much larger than before.6.We saw the tree was five hundred years old.7.The computer my father bought for me works well.8.He is the boy I saw in front of the library.