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1、知识准备知识准备什么是定语什么是定语 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。This is a big room.The windows of the room are open.This is the bike that I bought yesterday.第1页/共50页 定语的位置定语的位置This is a flower basket.This is a basket full of flowers.This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.第2页/共50页 什么形式作定语什么形式作定语adj.n.
2、num.pron.-ing ed,to do,adj.n.num.pron.-ing ed,to do,短语、短语、名词所有格、定语从句名词所有格、定语从句My brother bought me a beautiful dress.He works very hard at his lessons.We belong to the third world.Do you know the man coming to us?We must find ways to work out this problem.He is a boy of seventeen.The man who is spea
3、king to my father is our headteacher.第3页/共50页为什么用定语从句为什么用定语从句当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。从句。这是我的杯子This is my cup.这是装满水的杯子。This is a cup full of water.这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is a cup which I drink tea with.第4页/共50页我认识那个高个子的人。I know the tall man.我认识那个戴眼镜的人。I kn
4、ow the man with a pair of glasses.我认识你正在找的那个人。I know the man whom you are looking for.定语从句定语从句相当于一个形容词相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词，跟在名词或代词后后修饰该名词或代词。修饰该名词或代词。第5页/共50页 一、定语从句基本结构一、定语从句基本结构He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall.主句:He was holding onto a tree.从句：A tree grew against the wall.名词/代词(先行词
5、）+定语从句关系词引导定语从句，同时在意义上指代先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分，先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替。第6页/共50页This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1）2）3）第7页/共50页限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：二、定语从句的种类限定性定语从句：和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分割的关系，少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象。割的关系，少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象。非限制性定语从句：和它的先行词之间是和它的先行词之间是比较
6、松散的关系，它不是先行词不可缺少的成分，比较松散的关系，它不是先行词不可缺少的成分，而是仅仅对先行词做一些而是仅仅对先行词做一些补充和说明补充和说明。第8页/共50页类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开有that 无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略不可以省略第9页/共50页三、关系词在句中成分指出关系
7、代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语第10页/共50页5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone 5.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose w
8、hose family was poor.(family was poor.()6.I like the person to 6.I like the person to whomwhom you just talked.you just talked.()()7.We shall never forget the days 7.We shall never forget the days(that)(that)we spent we spent together.()together.()定语定语宾语 宾语第11页/共50页四、引导定语从句的关系词指代人 whowho，whomwhom，th
9、atthat指代事物 whichwhich，that,asthat,as所属关系 whosewhose，of whichof which指地点 wherewhere指时间 whenwhen指原因 whywhy第12页/共50页1）关系代词）关系代词限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句中,做做宾语宾语的的关系代词关系代词可以省略可以省略非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中,所有的关系词都不可以省略所有的关系词都不可以省略主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指代人指代人who,thatwhom,that,who whose=of whom指代物指代物which,thatwhich,that whose=of whi
10、ch指代整句话指代整句话(非限制性定非限制性定语从句语从句)which,aswhich,as第13页/共50页 the usage of the relative adverbs关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial第14页/共50页2）当先行词是物时,关系代词that和which都可以，但下列情况只用that不用which。All that can be done has been done.Do you have anything that you dont understand?There
11、is little that can be believed about it.The book doesnt say much that amuses children.A：先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词。第15页/共50页Ive read all the books that you lent me.No sample that we have received is satisfactory.Please send us any information that you have ab
12、out the subject.B：先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last,just修饰时。第16页/共50页Hamburg is the most beautiful city that Ive ever seen.This is the best TV that is made in China.The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.C：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。第17页/共50页The famous writer
13、and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.A victim is a person,animal or thing that suffers pain,death,harm,etc.D：先行词中既有人又有事物时.第18页/共50页Who that you have ever seen can do it better?Who that you are talking to is the young fellow?E：who做先行词时，为避免重复，引导定语从句用tha
14、t。F：关系代词在从句中作表语时。It is no longer the one(that)it used to be.第19页/共50页6.句子中有两个定语从句时，其中一个已用关系代词which,另外一个宜用that，如：They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.7.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，如：Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.第20页/共50页Anyone who
15、 breaks the law is punished.Those who break the law are punished.He who breaks the law is punished.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.*在anyone,those,he,she I,they 作先行词时,通常用“who”不用“that”.第21页/共50页3)不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very
16、angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.whichwhichwhowhomA:在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.不论做宾语还是主语，都不可以省略。第22页/共50页Her bag,in _ she put all her mon
17、ey,has been stolen.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhomB:当介词提到关系代词前面时，指事物用which，指人用whom。第23页/共50页4)whose 引导的定语从句。表示所属关系,whose+n.=of which/whom+the+n.=the+n.+of which/whomThe river _ banks are covered with trees flows to
18、 the sea.whoseThere are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose第24页/共50页5)5)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 +of+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.There are 60 students in our class,two thirds of whom have been to Beij
19、ing.e.g.They live in a house,e.g.They live in a house,whose doorwhose door faces south.faces south.They live in a house,the door of which faces south.=They live in a house,of which the door faces south.第25页/共50页The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are women.The book contains 50 poems,most of
20、_ was written in 1930s.There are two left,one of _ is almost finished,and the other of _ is not quite.I have a sentence,the meaning of _ I dont understand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom第26页/共50页6)介词提到关系代词前时介词提到关系代词前时,介词的选用介词的选用1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for wh
21、ich you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.但有少数的几个固定结构中的介词不可提前,如：look after。第27页/共50页Filling blanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headma
22、ster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which第28页/共50页7)引导非限制性定语从句时,as,which可以代替上文提到的一句话.Which只可以放在后半句的开头;as既可以放句首,也可以放后半句开始.which翻译成“这”;as 翻译成“正如”.She said that she played the most important part in the play,which made all the others unpleasant.As was often the case,he was
23、late again.=He was late again,as was often the case.It rained a lot this summer,as we expected.=As we expected,it rained a lot this summer.第29页/共50页在限制性定语从句中，有一些固定的句子结构，如the same/suchas,as many/much as中,常常用as.e.g.Such books as you bought are useless.在定语从句中最重要的就是要看定语从句中缺少什么成分.第30页/共50页1 Is this facto
24、ry _ you visited yesterday?Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday?Is this the factory _ you worked ten years ago?A which/that B the one C where 2 Is this the reason _ he told you?Is this the reason _ he told you the truth?A that B why 3 I still remember the day _ he stayed with me.I still remem
25、ber the day _ he spent with me.A which/that B whenBACABBA第31页/共50页4 He is one of the boys who _ well.He is the only one of the boys who _ well.A studies B study5 There are 60 students,_ of whom is a foreigner.There are 60 students,_ of whom are boys.There are 60 students,_ of whom is married.There a
26、re 60 students,_ of whom have gone abroad.A half/some B none C few/many D oneBAB/DA/CB/DA/C第32页/共50页 考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me,who _not fit for this job isam第33页/共50页 3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been w
27、ritten B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing第34页/共50页Key pointsPreposition+which/whom1.Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price _was very reasonable.2.He lived in a b
28、ig house,_stood a big tall tree.(它的前面）3.The beggar has no money _to buy food.（用它）of whichin front of whichwith which第35页/共50页V.way/time后的定语从句1.I dont like the way _ he works.2.The way _he used to work out the problem was simple.3.This is the first time _ Ive been here.4.This was a time _there were n
29、o radios,cinemas or TV sets.(in which/that)that/whichthatwhen第36页/共50页高考动态：1.在定语从句中，加入插入语。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_ of course,made the others unhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what2.把先行词与定语从句隔开，考查“分割性定语从句”。The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care o
30、f in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where3.综合考查考生对定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句和强调句的辨析能力。Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened?A.where;that B.which;that C.that;where D.where;whichBCB第37页/共50页解题思路:1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用
31、关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。第38页/共50页1.Is this factory _ we visited last week?DIs this the factory _ we visited last Week?A、where B、thatC、to which D、the oneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。ExercisesExercises第39页/共50页2.Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、that
32、C、of whomD、whichA先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which第40页/共50页15.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve.The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it.A.as B.that C.which D.the onesABso.that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句后面跟的是一个结果状语从句第41页/共50页21.Here are players
33、from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD第42页/共50页Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory your father once worked in?3.The man whom I
34、 spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.Which/that_tothe one第43页/共50页Correct the sentences:5.I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8.I d
35、ont like the way which you talked to your friend.who(that/which)whenin或which-that第44页/共50页Correct the sentences:9.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.10.We heard the news which our team won the game.11.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._that _whyit_第
36、45页/共50页Correct the sentences:12.Those want to buy tickets write down your names.13.That was the reason because she looked old.14.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school._gives_whywho第46页/共50页Correct the sentences:15.It is the only one of the
37、 best films that have been shown recently.16.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.17.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._thathas_that第47页/共50页Correct the sentences:18.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.19.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.20.The bike by which I travelled was his._on_ whose_that第48页/共50页第49页/共50页感谢您的观看！第50页/共50页