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1、2018 年考研英语（二）真题及参考答案年考研英语（二）真题及参考答案 Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Bec
2、ause humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at th
3、e University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one5, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens
4、 would 6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the st
5、udents who knew that would8. Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the Un
6、iversity of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can12new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such 13can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to15, however. In a final experiment, participant
7、s who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term20is key t
8、o reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, dont read online comments. 1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve 2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret 3.A.rise B.last C.hurt D.mislead 4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat 5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept 6.A.remove
9、B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt 7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though 8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen 9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to 10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget 11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling 12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from 13.A.inqu
10、iry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence 14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive 15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist 16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict 17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend 18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty 19.A.how B.why C.where D.wh
11、ether 20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategies Section IIReading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 It is curious that Stephen Koziat
12、ek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become
13、 accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain? As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuc
14、k with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle. But he s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype.that it s for kids
15、 who cant make it academically,” he says. On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new prin
16、ciple.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so. But the headlong push into bachelor s degrees for alland the subtle devaluing of anything lessmisses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelors degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in
17、the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishi
18、ng,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them.Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap. Koziatek s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one
19、-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts. 21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of. A.academic training B.practical ability C.pioneering spirit D.mechanical memorization 22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. A.have a ster
20、eotyped mind B.have no career motivation C.are financially disadvantaged D.are not academically successful 23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates. A.used to have more job opportunities B.used to have big financial concerns C.are entitled to more educational privileges D.are relu
21、ctant to work in manufacturing 24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all. A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs C.indicates the overvaluing of higher education D.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce 25.The authors attitude toward Ko
22、ziateks school can be described as. A.tolerant B.cautious C.supportive D.disappointed Text 2 While fossil fuelscoal，oil，gasstill generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables i
23、s picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line. Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices of renewables， especial
24、ly wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years. In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland， for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to powe
25、r 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Admini
26、stration. President Trump has underlined fossil fuelsespecially coalas the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa， where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the
27、states electricity generationand where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers. The question“what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage ca
28、pacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely. The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ， who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could
29、change the picture rapidly in coming years. While theres a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding upperhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington doesor doesn t doto promote al
30、ternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought. 26.The word“plummeting” （Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to. A.stabilizing B.changing C.falling D.rising 27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America. A.is progressing notably B.is as extensive
31、as in Europe C.faces many challenges D.has proved to be impractical 28.It can be learned that in Iowa, . A.wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply 29.Which ofthe following is
32、true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit 31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its. A.digital products B.user information C.physical assets D.q
33、uality service 32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may. A.worsen political disputes B.mess up customer records C.pose a risk to Facebook users D.mislead the European commission 33.According to the author,competition law. A.should serve the new market powers B.may worsen the economic imba
34、lance C.should not provide just one legal solution D.cannot keep pace with the changing market 34.Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because. A.they are not defined as customers B.they are not financially reliable C.the services are generally digital D.the ser
35、vices are paid for by advertisers 35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate. A.a win-win business model between digital giants B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants C.the benefits provided for digital giantscustomers D.the relationship between digital giants and their users Text 4 To
36、combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work” the ability to focus without distraction. There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep workbe it lengthy ret
37、reats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it. Newport also recommends “deepscheduling” to combat c
38、onstant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctors appointment or important meeting”,he writes. Another approach to getting more done in less time is to re
39、think how you prioritize your day in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;othe
40、rs were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day. While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistrac
41、tionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolist ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results. In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.” “Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;
42、it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body.idlenessis, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues. Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to th
43、e way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient. “What people dont realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay. 36.The key to mastering
44、the art of deep work is to _. A.keep to your focus time B.list your immediate tasks C.make specific daily plans D.seize every minute to work 37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that _. A.distractions may actually increase efficiency B.daily schedules are indispensable to studying
45、 C.students are hardly motivated by monthly goals D.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected 38. According to Newport, idleness is _. A.a desirable mental state for busy people B.a major contributor to physical health C.an effective way to save time and energy D.an essential factor in acco
46、mplishing any work 39. Pillay believes that our brains shift between being focused and unfocused _. A.can result in psychological well-being B.canbring about greater efficiency C.is aimed at better balance in work D.is driven by task urgency 40. This text is mainly about _. A.ways to relieve the ten
47、sion of busy life B.approaches to getting more done in less time C.the key to eliminating distractions D.the cause of the lack of focus time Part B Directions: Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There
48、are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) A.Just say it B.Be present C.Pay a unique compliment D.Name, places, things E.Find the “me too”s F.Skip the small talk G.Ask for an opinion Five ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links
49、, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link. You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link. Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers. 41._ Suppose you are in a room with someone you dont know and something within you says “I want to talk with