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1、2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million of these nati
2、ons looked to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence the ideals of representative government, careers to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ther
3、e was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a set of laws.On the issue of of religion and the position of the church, , there was less agreement the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion
4、and the only one by the Spanish crown. most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egali
5、tarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much because
6、 the new nations still needed the revenue such policies . Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was self-rule and democracy.1.A natives B inhabitants C peoples（B） D individuals2.A confusedly B cheerfully C worriedly（D） D hopefully3.A sharedB forgotC atta
7、ined（A） D rejected4.A related B close C open（C）D devoted5.A access B succession C right（C）D return6.A Presumably B Incidentally C Obviously（D）D Generally7.A unique B common C particular（B）D typical8.A freedom B origin C impact（A）D reform9.A therefore B however C indeed（B）D moreover10.A with B about
8、C among（C）D by11.A allowed B preached C granted（A）D funded12.A Since B IfC Unless（D）D While13.A as B for C under（A）D against14.A spread B interference C exclusion（C）D influence15.A supportB cry C plea（B）D wish16.A urged B intendedC expected（D）D promised17.A controllingB former C remaining（C）D origin
9、al18.A slower B faster C easier（A）D tougher19.A created B produced C contributed （B）D preferred20.A puzzled by B hostile to C pessimistic about（D）D unprepared forSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, o
10、r D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than
11、in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer s
12、uperior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at
13、Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memor
14、y: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupl
15、ed with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differe
16、nces are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific g
17、oals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details
18、 but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always m
19、ade, not born.21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned toA stress the importance of professional training.B spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.C introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.（C）D explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.
20、The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably meansA fun.B craze.C hysteria.（B）D excitement.23.According to Ericsson, good memoryA depends on meaningful processing of information.B results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.C is determined by genetic rather than psychological fact
21、ors.（A）D requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe thatA talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C the role of talent tends to be overlooked.（D）D high achievers owe
22、 their success mostly to nurture.25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?A “Faith will move mountains.”B “One reaps what one sows.”C “Practice makes perfect.”（C）D “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement P
23、arade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envisio
24、n paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidenc
25、e? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intellig
26、ence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the
27、 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like v
28、os Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduat
29、e Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best as
30、sess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills
31、when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what ques
32、tions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?A Answering philosophical questions.B Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C Telling the differences between certain concepts.（D）D Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27.What can be inferred abou
33、t intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?A People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.（C）D Scientists have defined the important elements of human
34、 intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants becauseA the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.B creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.C vos Savants case is an extreme one that will not repeat.（A）D the defining
35、 characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29.We can conclude from the last paragraph thatA test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones ability.B IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.C testing involves a lot of guesswork.（A）D traditional test are out of date.30.What is the authors att
36、itude towards IQ tests?A Supportive.B Skeptical.C Impartial.（B）D Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a ba
37、d diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implication
38、s of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go i
39、nto the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra inco
40、me from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluct
41、uation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger
42、 families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk fo
43、r families future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of thi
44、s, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not
45、 be far behind.31.Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in thatA the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.B their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.（C）D they are deprived of unemployment or disabi
46、lity insurance.32.As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people may haveA a higher sense of security.B less secured payments.C less chance to invest.（B）D a guaranteed future.33.According to the author, health-savings plans willA help reduce the cost of healthcare.B popularize among the middl
47、e class.C compensate for the reduced pensions.（D）D increase the families investment risk.34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.B the middle class may face greater political challenges.C financial problems may bring about political problems.（C）D financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?A The Middle Class on the AlertB