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1、关于虚拟语气第1页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三虚拟语气虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),(subjunctive mood),表示所说的话只是表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望一种主观的愿望,假想和建议等假想和建议等.1.虚拟语气的形式虚拟语气的形式2.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用3.虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用4.小练习小练习第2页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 if条件句的虚拟语气条件句的虚拟语气 if的非真实条件从句对现在,过去,将来的事实进行虚拟时,主句和if从句的谓语动词形式如下:1.与现在事实相反时现在事实相反时,其表现
2、形式为其表现形式为:if+主语主语+v-ed,主语主语+would(或或might,could,should)+v.Eg:If we left now,we should arrive on time.If I were you,I would refuse the money.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用第3页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三2.与将来事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+should(或were to)+v.,主语+Would(或might,could,should)+v.Eg:If you should drop the glass,it wou
3、ld break.If you should leave there for a while,youd change your mind about that place.第4页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三与过去事实相反时,其表现形式为:if主语+had v-ed,主语+would(或Might,could,should)+have v-ed.Eg:We would have visited you if we had had time.I wouldnt have known that thing if I hadnt been told.第5页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 错综时间句的虚拟
4、语气错综时间句的虚拟语气 当条件从句与结果主句所表示的当条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致时间不一致时时,虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整.如如:(1)If I had spoken to him yesterday,I should know what to do now.(2)You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.(3)If father hadnt sent me,I shouldnt be here.第6页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 含蓄条件的虚拟语气含蓄条件的虚拟语气假设的情况有
5、时不是用一个条件句来表示，而假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句来表示，而是隐含在上下文中。是隐含在上下文中。表示暗含条件的方式有：表示暗含条件的方式有：1.介词或介词短语，如：介词或介词短语，如：without,but for,but that等。等。Eg:But for your cooperation,we could not have succeeded in our experiment.2.连词，如：连词，如：but,or,or else 等。等。Eg:I would be most glad to help you,but Im busy now.第7页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三3.
6、副词副词,如：如：otherwise等。等。Eg:We didnt know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned him.4.比较等级。比较等级。Eg:(1)A more careful person wouldnt have made so many mistakes.(2)Given more time,I would have been able to finish the experiment.5.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。找出其暗含的条件
7、。Eg:You wouldnt know.I would like to come.I would not have dreamed of it.第8页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 if的省略的省略(1)在正式文体中，当if条件句中含有助动词had,should 或 were 时，可以省略 if,而将had,should或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。Eg:Had such disaster occurred,the damage would have been incalculable.Were he to tell us everything,we would try to so
8、lve this problem.第9页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三(2)如果if条件句是含not的否定句，省略if时,not不能与助动词had,should或were同时提前。Eg:Had it not been for their assistance,we couldnt have finished the task ahead of time.第10页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三(3)supposing,suppose,even if也可引导虚拟条件句。Eg:Supposing it were fine tomorrow,would you go swimming with us?(4
9、)有时suppose或supposing单独引起一个句子，用于提出建议或假设。Eg:Suppose we started tomorrow.第11页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟语气在表示命令，请求，建议等从句中的应虚拟语气在表示命令，请求，建议等从句中的应用用 虚拟语气可用于表示命令，请求，建议，愿望，要求等名词性从句中，从句谓语形式是“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”（1）用于主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+P.P.)或只用动词原形。常用的形容词和分词有：essential,imperative,advisable,necessary,important
10、,desirable,urgent,preferable,natural,suggested等。Eg:It is necessary that you should be present at the discussion.It was suggested that the electronic device be tested at once.虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用第12页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三(2)用于宾语从句，一种是用做动词wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。这种从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示与现在事实相反；亦可用过去完成式，表示与过去
11、事实相反。常用的动词有：advise,ask,command,decide,demand,desire,direct,insist,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,urge，move（提议）等。Eg:The lawyer asked that the case should be postponed for one month.The detective insisted that he should have a look.第13页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三insist意为意为“坚持某种动作坚持某种动作”才用虚拟
12、语气；意为才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持坚持某种观点某种观点”则不用虚拟语气。则不用虚拟语气。eg：He insists he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为意为“建议建议”才用虚拟语气，意为才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示暗示”则则不用虚拟语气。不用虚拟语气。eg：His face suggests that he looks worried.他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。第14页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三(3)表语从句或同位语从句advice,command,demand,
13、desire,idea,motion,order,plan等名词作主语的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用should be型或be型虚拟式。Eg:The doctors advice is that the patient should be kept quiet.He rejected my advice that he should meet my son.在as if 引导的表示虚拟的表语从句中，谓语动词用were型虚拟式表示对现在情况的假设，用 had been型虚拟式表示对过去情况的假设。Eg:You look as if you had a toothache.第15页，讲稿共2
14、6张，创作于星期三如果说话人所表示的不是假设的情况，而是一种可能的事实，as if引导的表语从句中的谓语动词使用陈述语气。Eg:It looks as if it is going to rain.在主句的谓语动词为过去时的情况下，往往无法从语法形式上辨别表语从句的谓语动词是虚拟还是陈述语气，因为此时两者的形式是相同的。Eg:She looked as if she had had some bad news第16页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在wish后从句中的应用后从句中的应用动词wish后所跟的宾语从句表示实现可能性极小或与事实相反的情况,从句用虚拟语气.(1)表示与
15、现在情况相反的愿望时,句式为:主语+wish+(that)+宾语从句(谓语动词用一般过去时)Eg:I wish I were a bird.I wish I could change my job.(2)表示与过去情况相反的愿望时,句式为:主语+wish+(that)宾语从句(谓语动词用过去完成时/could+现在完成时)Eg:I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.第17页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三(3)表示对将来发生的事情表示希望,祝愿等时,句式为:主语+wish+宾语从句(谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形
16、)Eg:I wish I could see you later.I wish he might try again.第18页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在if only感叹句中的应用感叹句中的应用If only后面的句子用虚拟语气,表示“但愿”,“要是就好了”,其用法基本与wish相同.Eg:If only he had followed your advice.If only she would come.If only it didnt rain today,because wellhave a sports meeting.第19页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟
17、语气在虚拟语气在“Its+about/high time+从从句句”中的应用中的应用在Its about/high time+从句的结构中,从句用一般过去时的虚拟语气.Eg:“You are very selfish.Its high time that you realized that you are not the most important person in the world.”Edger said to his boss angrily.It is about time that we went to school.第20页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在in
18、 case,lest或或for fear that等从句中的用法等从句中的用法 in case,lest或for fear that引起的从句常用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”,形式为should+动词原形,should通常不能省略.Eg:He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it should go wrong on the way.第21页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟语气在形容词短语的虚拟语气在形容词短语的th
19、at宾语从句中宾语从句中的应用的应用 主语+be+adj.+that+主语+should+动词原形 主语+be+adj.+that+主语+should have+过去分词Eg:I am happy that he should agree.I am ashamed that you should have done such a thing.第22页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 虚拟式动词原形用于独立句中虚拟式动词原形用于独立句中虚拟语气用于表示祝愿,诅咒等意义的公式化的句子中,谓语动词为be虚拟式.Eg:Long live our motherland.God bless you.The d
20、evil take you.So be it then.第23页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三1.“How should the city be run?”“If I()a mayor,I would make the streets cleaner and hire more policemen.”A.would B.were C.would be D.should2.Things might have been much worse if the mother()on her right to keep the baby.A.has been insisting B.had insisted
21、 C.would insist D.insisted3.A safety analysis()the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately,it was never done.A.would identify B.will identify C.would have identified D.will have identified4.Jack wishes that he()business instead of history when he was in university.A.studied B.study C.had been stu
22、dying D.had studied5.Wouldnt you rather your child()to bed early?A.go B.went C.would go D.goes6.That train looked as if it()for a long time.A.hadnt been watered B.hasnt watered C.didnt water D.wasnt water -edBBCD BAExercises for you第24页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三 AACBBDAACBBD7.We are for your proposal that the d
23、iscussion().A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to put off8.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he()himself.A.injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure9.Its time()about the traffic problem downtown.A.anything will be done B.everything is done C.something was done D.noth
24、ing to be done10.Look at the terrible situation Im in!If only I()your advice.A.follow B.had followed C.would followed D.have followed11.The business of each day,()selling goods or shipping them,went quite smoothly.A.it being B.be it C.was it D.it was12.Rebecca()me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month.A.told B.would tell C.had told D.would have toldAACBBD第25页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第26页，讲稿共26张，创作于星期三