《重难点语法之定语从句讲解课件高三英语一轮复习.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《重难点语法之定语从句讲解课件高三英语一轮复习.pptx（58页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、定语从句,概念,定语可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语和句子，定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。P86,概念,I admire Zhong Nanshan who is devoted himself to medicine in China.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,一关系词,定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。,1.who/whom， 两者都指人，who可以做定语从句的主语和宾语，而whom作宾语。大部分情况whom可以用who代替，但是从句作介词宾语，且直接跟在介词后面，只能用who
2、m。P123-1,关系代词：,He is the man who lives next door. Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. Yesterday I came across the man about whom you talked last time.,常用介词：of,on,at, from, with, in, for,1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. whoB. which
3、C. whomD. when,2.whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中做定语。指物时，whose+名词= 限定词+名词+of which或者of which+限定词+名词,Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent? Please pass me the book whose cover is green. = Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.,Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow? A. that
4、B. which C. its D. whose,3.which一般指物，作定语从句的主语、宾语等 The train which has just left is for Hangzhou.,2. Tom did not take away the camera although it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. whichB. that C. whom D. as,4.that可指人，也可指物，指人可以与who/whom互换，指物可以与which互换。,Jack is no longer the person ( tha
5、t/ who/ whom) I met five years ago. The package which/ that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.,5.as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,当先行词前有as/ so/ such/ the same修饰时，as在从句中作主语或宾语。（so.that.中that不作成分） Nina is not such an intelligent as you think. I want the same shirt as my friend bought yesterday.,I hav
6、e bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. which B. that C. asD. on which,当先行词是整个句子时，as则引导非限制性定语从句，作主语或者宾语。,He is a great hero, as is described in the report. She is a famous film star, as we all know.,关系副词：1.when：在从句中作时间状语,先行词通常为time/ day/ morning/ night/ week/ year等表示时间的词。 I still remember the t
7、ime when I first travelled by plane.,2.where: 作地点状语,先行词通常为place/ spot/ street/ house/ room/ city/ town/ country等表示地点的名词，它也可跟在from后面。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. The little boy hid himself behind the door, from where he could see his mum enter the room.,3.why 作原因状语，它的先行词只有r
8、eason。,Is this the reason why she refused our offer?I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent.,二限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,1.限制性定语从句：它修饰和限定先行词，不用逗号和主句隔开。如果去掉从句则会让句子的意思含糊不清。 A doctor is a person who cures patients. This is the house which I bought last year.,2.非限制性定语从句：,对先行词没有特别限定的从句，常由who/ whom/
9、 which/ whose/ as when/ where等关系词引导。,非限制性定语从句翻译时通常不翻译成定语，而是与主句并列的句子。 He lives in Beijing, which is a two-hour drive from here. This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.,He tore up my photo, _ upset me. A. that B. which C. its D. whose Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as
10、 a surprise. A. it B. whichC. that D. he,介词+关系代词,介词+ which有时可以代替when/ where/ why，此外还有介词+whom/ whose等结构。 When = on which where = in which why = for which that = in/ during which This is the town in which（where）Shakespeare was born.,I will never forget the days on which（when）we studied together. There
11、s no reason for which（why）we shouldnt be friends. There are varieties of ways in which（that）we can solve this problem.,此类结构还常见有some/ several/ a few/ a little/ many/ more/ most/ the largest + of which/ whom People at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom（of whom most）came from the US.,
12、The foreign guests, _were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those,定语从句连词用法总结,that 人+物 主语、宾语、表语 which who whom whose when where why as,定语从句转换为非谓语动词,The girl who is dancing now just returned from Korea.从句,The girl (who
13、 is) dancing now just returned from Korea. 非谓语,Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one,The man _ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you
14、showed him C. you showed D. where you showed,In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. whomB. who C. to whomD.whom,注意事项,1.关系代词和关系副词的省略： 关系代词在从句中做宾语、表语且不直接跟在介词后时 I have never been to the city（that/ which）you just visited. Generation gap is a problem（that）her parent
15、s are greatly concerned about.,先行词the place/ the reason/ way表示方式、方法时，关系副词常常省略。,Thats the place（where）he lived when he was in Paris. That was the reason（why）I asked you to come. I dont like the way（that）you speak to me.,2.用that而不用which的情况,（1）先行词是all/ little/ few/ much/ something/ anything/ everything
16、/ nothing/ none/ some等不定代词，或者被all/ every/ no/ some/ any/ little/ much/ the only/ the very/ the right/ the last/ few等词修饰时 He did everything that he could to help us. Music is the only thing that interests me.,（2）先行词既有人又有物时,The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw a
17、t the Childrens Palace少年宫.,（3）主句是which开头的特殊疑问句时,Which of us that knows something about physics cannot solve this problem?,（4）先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被它们修饰时,This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.,3.用which而不用that的情况,（1）关系代词前有介词 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.,（2）在非限
18、制性定语从句中 Have you ever read the famous book the great Gatsby, which was made into a movie?,（3）先行词本身就是that I dont like that which he did.,（4）关系代词后有插入语时 Here is the English grammar book which, I think, can help improve your English.,4.用who不用that的情况,（1）先行词是one/ ones/ anyone时 （2）先行词是指人的those时 （3）先行词指人且有较
19、长的后置定语或离先行词太远时 The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.,5.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,这两个词引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词为整个主句。,（1）as引导的从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论，意为“正如，像”，常和see/ know/ hear/ watch/ remember/ say/ tell/ show/ expect/ guess等词形成固定搭配 Einstein, as we know, is a famous scientist. There w
20、as a coffee bar around here, as I remember.,（2）which指前面所提到的事，常翻译为“这一点或者这件事”，从句一般位于主句之后。 He went there just for showing off, which was disgraceful.,（3）在从句中作定语或者介词的宾语时，用which Lily might possibly come, in which case Ill ask her.,（4）非限制性定语从句中的be动词不能省略时，用which，反之用as Jane told me she won the match, which
21、was a lie. As (was) planned, we met at the airport.,6.介词+关系代词,介词+ which有时可以代替when/ where/ why，此外还有介词+whom/ whose等结构。 when = on which where = in which why = for which,This is the town in which/_Shakespeare was born. I will never forget the days on which/_we studied together. Theres no reason for whic
22、h/_we shouldnt be friends.,where,when,why,关系代词前的介词依据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配、与先行词搭配的具体意义、所表达的意思等来确定。 I bought many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.,8.定语从句中的主谓一致,关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语由先行词保持一致。主句若为one of+ 可数名词复数，从句谓语动词用
23、复数形式，从句前若为the（only）one of/ the very/ right+可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。,Anyone who _ questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon. That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that _ appeared in recent years. He is the only one of those workers who_able to do this job.,has,have,is,She was so young
24、when she started, which obviously influenced me because I was just a teenager and I started singing in clubs at 16.(2021阅读1),Stress can cause your endocrine system内分泌系统 to produce certain hormones荷尔蒙 _weaken immune system免疫系统（2021阅读2）,that,“Now its been shown in a wide range of species including chi
25、ckenswhich use different sounds to distinguish between air and ground predators捕食者and in Japanese tits山雀, which have different calls呼叫 for crow and snake.,Womens shoes had become significantly more decorative装饰的 thanks to the invention of the sewing machine缝纫机, which allowed for much greater variety in the joining of sole未婚女性 and upper上层贵族.,The next most important thing you should do is to look out for cheaper products. （2021七选五）,感谢您的观看,请在此输入您的副标题,竞聘人：代用名,