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1、综合培优练六A(2021山东湖北联考)“While animals cant pick out precise numbers，they can understand that more is more.Interestingly，we know now that numerical(数字的) competence is present on almost every branch of the animal tree of life，” says Andreas Nieder，a neurobiologist from the University of Tuebingen.“Differe
2、nt groups of animals obviously developed this trait(特点) independently from others and that strongly indicates that it has to be of adaptive value.”Honeybees，for instance，can remember the number of landmarks they pass when searching for food in order to find their way back to the hive.The last common
3、 ancestor between honeybees and primates lived about 600 million years ago.But still，they evolved numerical competence that，in many respects，is comparable to vertebrate(脊椎动物的) numerical competence.Also，for example，male frogs sing “advertisement” calls to attract females.The females，listening for the
4、 complexity of their calls，choose the male that sings the most calls.Wolves are more likely to hunt successfully if they have the right number of wolves in their pack for the size of their prey(猎物)：With prey like deer，only around six to eight wolves are needed，while hunting wild ox requires a pack o
5、f nine to thirteen.Their prey also uses this concept to protect themselves from predatorsdeer tend to live in large herds to reduce the chance of any individual becoming prey.So obviously they are assessing the number of individuals in their groups for their everyday life situations.Despite these ma
6、ny examples of numerical competence in animals，this subject has not gotten many firsthand studies.“Many of these behavioral findings in the wild have usually been collected as byproducts or accidental findings of other research questions，” says Nieder.He argues that more research needs to be done to
7、 fully understand the numerical competence.1The phenomenon of animals having their own numerical competence shows that .Aall groups of animals are related in some waysBnumerical competence must have a survival benefitCthe intelligence of animals varies with different environmentsDanimals numerical c
8、ompetence is determined by their adaptability2What role does numerical competence play in wolves hunting?AIt helps them form hunting groups.BIt gives them more options to hunt.CIt makes them discover more prey.DIt offers them new skills to hunt.3How does the author mainly develop this text?ABy listi
9、ng figures.BBy asking questions.CBy giving examples.DBy making comparisons.4From which is the text probably taken?AA biology textbook.BA health magazine.CA travel brochure.DA research paper.答案BACDB(2021湖州质检)Empathy(同理心) is one of those strange qualitiessomething almost everyone wants，but few know ho
10、w to truly give or receive it.In a world where selfsatisfaction is emphasized，it is in short supply but high demand.This is all the more reason to teach the next generation what it means to have empathy for those around them.What Is Empathy？Many people confuse sympathy and empathy，but they are two d
11、istinct values.Empathy is not just the ability to understand someones feelings；criminals often take advantage of people by appearing to understand their feelings and subsequently gaining their trust.Empathy is more than that.Not only is it the ability to recognize how someone feels，but it also value
12、s and respects the feelings of another person.It means treating others with kindness，dignity，and understanding.Kids Need To See Adults Show EmpathyWhile some children are gifted with naturally kind hearts，in most cases kids need to see empathy modeled by the adults around them.It begins with the way
13、 parents relate to their children.Parents who show an interest in the things that matter to their kids and respond to emotions in a positive and caring way are teaching the skill of empathy.Meet Emotional NeedsWhen children have their emotional needs met，two things happen.They learn how to meet the
14、emotional needs of others and they are anchored in what they are receiving，meaning that they are secure enough to give to others when the need arises but first they need to receive.An empty jug cannot fill a cup.Its a good idea to talk to kids about emotions and how other people experience them.Give
15、 their emotions names(for example，jealousy，anger，and love) and teach them that these are normal.Talk to them about how to handle emotions in a positive way and point out situations where other people are experiencing emotions.Teach them about respecting the emotions of others and show them how to ac
16、t in a situation where a response is required.5Why is it that the next generation are taught to have empathy?ABecause people tend to center themselves.BBecause everyone lacks empathy.CBecause empathy is a strange quality.DBecause its better to give than to receive.6Which situation can empathy be use
17、d in?AWhen a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland.BWhen a teacher is comforting a student about his failure in exams.CWhen a criminal is cheating a victim.DWhen a dancer is dancing to music.7What does the underlined sentence “An empty jug cannot fill a cup.” mean?AAn empty jug is too
18、small to hold a cup.BIts a must to talk to kids about emotions.CAdults should set an example to kids.DKids give empathy with their emotional needs met first.8What is the main topic of the passage?AHow to train kids to have empathy.BHow to distinguish sympathy and empathy.CHow to help kids finish emp
19、athyrelated tasks.DWhether kids can be trained to be more empathetic.答案ABDAD(2020全国，B)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in you
20、ng children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levi
21、ne said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 childparent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better th
22、an those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higherincome parents ten
23、ded to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the pa
24、rents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?ABuilding confidence.BDeveloping spatial skills.CLearning selfcontrol.DGaining hightech knowledge.2What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experime
25、nt?AParents age.BChildrens imagination.CParents education.DChildparent relationship.3How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?AThey play with puzzles more often.BThey tend to talk less during the game.CThey prefer to use more spatial language.DThey are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4What is the text mainly about?AA mathematical method.BA scientific study.CA woman psychologist.DA teaching program.答案BCDB