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1、(3,4)重点词汇1. n.c 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的典例 The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 练习 根据意思完成句子。1). The _ _ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.2). He introduced us a well-designed _ _ (铁路系统).2. vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)典例1). He laid hi
2、s hand on my shoulder. 2). Who should we lay the blame on? 重点用法 lay短语：lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the blame on sb.责备某人lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上；强调练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). The bird _ its eggs in other birds nests. 2). He is a politi
3、cal leader that _ _ _ _ (非常强调) individual responsibility. 3). He _ some money _ for rainy days. 3. adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人） 其反义词为harmless典例There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)It is harmful to your health to drink too much.He may say no，but theres no harm in
4、 asking.重点用法be harmful to sb./sth. 对有害do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对有害；伤害练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). Everyone knows that smoking is _ to your health.2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do _ to their growth.3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。_ Doctors always tell us that
5、drinking too much_our health，but some people dont care.Ais harm toBdoes harmful to Cis harmful toDdo harm to4. vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在典例1). Does life exist on Mars? 2). I can hardly exist on the wage I m getting. 重点用法exist + prep. 存在于地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存 练习 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。1). This plant _ only
6、 _ Australia. 2). Can you _ _ such a low salary?3). I doubt the _ (exist) of alien.5. vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的典例Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.I have been puzzling a
7、bout this question for weeks.重点用法sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzle one s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁solve a puzzle 解决一个难题练习 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。1). To explain the _ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories. 2). _ _ _ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left t
8、he country without telling anyone.3). She listened with a _ (puzzle) expression on her face.4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ (puzzle) of how life began.完成句子She has lost heart since she failed in the exam.She_(对将来感到迷茫)6. v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力典例1). You push and I ll pull. 2). I felt a
9、 pull at my sleeve and turned round. He pulled the door open and rushed out.The police car signalled to us to pull in. We waved as the train pulled out of the station.The doctor told me that I would pull through.重点用法pull off (sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pull down拆毁；摧毁
10、pull in(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠 pull through康复；痊愈 pull together 同心协力；通力合作练习 用pull短语的适当形式填空。1). I arrived as the last train was _ _.2). He _ _ a gun and aimed at the criminal.3). So long as we _ _, there s no mountain we cant conquer.用pull的短语填空：(1)Houses were_to make way for a new highway.(2)Cheer up！Take more
11、exercise every day and you will_.(3)John_behind me and parked.7. vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的 典例1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 重点用法cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活练习 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。1). Your visi
12、t has greatly _ him up.2). The crowd _ the runners _ as they started the last lap. 重点词组1. = to start with 以开始；由作为开头；首先典例To begin/start with, I couldn t understand a single word. 重点用法begin/start with 从开始 begin/start sth with 从开始 练习 根据句子的意思完成句子。1). He _ his speech _ a poem. 2). His speech _ _ a poem.3
13、). _ _ _, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.2. 及时；最终；迟早 典例 He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed？If you keep on，you will succeed in time.At one time，half the land on the Earths surface w
14、as covered by forest.You must give your homework to the teacher on time.短语归纳 time短语：in time for sth./ to do sth. 及时；不迟in no time 立刻；马上at no time永不 at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度at a time 一次；每次 at times = sometimes 有时all the time 一直；始终；老是on time 按时；准时by the time到的时候为止for the time being 暂时；暂且 kill time 消磨时间fr
15、om time to time 不时地，间或many a time 常常；多次once upon a time 从前at the same time 同时；尽管如此ahead of time 提前，提早race against time 争分夺秒keep time (钟表)走得准keep bad time（钟、表）走得不准take one s time 慢慢来，别急have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很 It s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth. 是做某事的时候了 练习 用time
16、短语填空。1). They sent the mail to me just _ _, before I 1eft.2). William arrived at the theatre just _ _ for the play was to be on. 3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _ _ _. 4). _ _ _ will I give up. 5). The boy laughed and cried _ _ _ _.6). _ _ _ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he devo
17、tes himself to writing, which delights his parents.7). Dont try to do everything at once; take it a bit _ _ _.8). Youll have your own office soon, but _ _ _ _ you ll have to share one with me.(1)I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday._.(2)_there were not so many cars on the streets.
18、(3)_I go out to the beach to relax.3. 轮到某人；接着 典例 When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.Now it is your turn to look after the children. 短语归纳 turn短语：by turns轮流；一阵一
19、阵 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了take turns (to do sth.)轮流（做某物） in turn依次，轮流；反之，反过来 练习 用turn短语翻译句子。我们轮流着开车。_ (湖北)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this_creates further problems.Ain shortBin case Cin doubtDin turn4. = stop.from = keep.from 使不做事；阻止做某事典例 His
20、 back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow s game. No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.Once he has made up his mind，nothing can prevent him from doing so.His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the str
21、ong sunlight.【用法辨析】注意: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb s doing sth. 作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep。练习 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1). Doctors took action to _ _ _ _ _ (防止这种疾病的蔓延).2).Of course I can t _ your
22、going abroad. 3). 警察阻止他们携带武器。_ 完成句子Measures have been taken to_(阻止河流污染)5. 挡住（光线）典例That wall blocks out all the light. 短语归纳 out短语：break out 爆发，发生burst out 大声喊叫，突然起来go out 外出；过时；(灯)熄put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)look out留神；注意watch out 注意；提防find out 找出，查明，发现pick out挑出，辨认出
23、，分辨出 speak out 大声地说，大胆地说think out仔细思考某事；想出（主意等） hang out 挂出，闲逛knock out (拳击中)击倒，打昏sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销turn out 结果证明是run out (of) 用完，耗尽check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去hand out 分发，散发give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)练习 用out短语填空。1). At the end of the race his legs _ _ and he collapsed on the ground.2). It s easy to _ h
24、im _ in a crowd because he is very tall. 3). His nwe book will _ _ next month.4). We thought it was going to rain; it _ _ to be a fine day.5). We _ _ of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.6. = set off 出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张典例 Then we were off. 短语归纳 off短语：get off 下车fall off 从摔下来take off 脱下；起飞
25、keep off 远离turn off 关闭pay off 付清，还清set.off 给送行kick off 踢球jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀shut off 关闭 练习 用turn短语填空或翻译。1). It is a Sunday and we _ _ (不用上班) today.2). Her husband _ _ on a business trip somewhere. 3). There we saw a sign reading, “_ _ the grass”.4). After ten years of hard work, she
26、finally _ _ all her debts.7. (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发典例 Fire broke out during the night. 短语归纳 break短语：break away from 脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）break down毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败break up打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)break off (使)停止；中断；折断 break into sth. 强行进入某处break one s word/promise食言；说话不算数练习 用break短语填空。1). Negotiations between the two side
27、s have _ _.2). His house was _ _ last week. 8. 密切注视；当心；提防 典例 Watch out! There s a car coming. 重点用法watch out for sb/sth 警惕或注意某人/事物watch over 保护；照看 练习 用watch短语填空。1). There must have been an angel _ _ me that day.2). You ll become an alcoholic if you don t _ _.9. (使)高兴；使振奋；感到振奋Give Mary a call，she need
28、s cheering up.Cheer up！Our troubles will soon be over.When Im feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports team.重点句子1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide,
29、 oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. 解释“be + 不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：练习 完成句子或翻译。1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you _ _ _ to her office after class. (你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2). The worst is
30、still _ _ (come).3). We ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We _ _ _ a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is _ _ _ tomorrow.4). 这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。_ 2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 解释 此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“to begin to develop”，宾语补足语是possible。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，fe
31、el，find，consider等。练习 完成句子或翻译。1). We _ _ _ _ (规定) to get up at 6 o clock every morning.2). I _ _ _ (发现很难) to get along with him3). 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。_4). 我觉得我有责任帮助你。_3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.解释 twice as.as. “是的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1)
32、. 倍数+ as + adj./adv. + as “是的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.2). 倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+ than “比(多/大)几倍”My room is twice larger than his. 3). 倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of “是的长度/高度/宽度几倍” My room is twice the size of his. 注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth等。例如： This ruler is three t
33、imes as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one. = This ruler is three times the length of that one. There are five times more books in our library than in yours.He has read twice as many books as I have.My house is twice the size of my parents.1.(江西卷)According to statisti
34、cs，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer_a woman.AthanBsuch CsoDas2.(辽宁卷)Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.Aas much twice asBtwice as much as Cmuch as twice asDas twice much as3. (陕西)Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs.Aas twice
35、 large asBtwice as large as Ctwice as much asDas twice much as4. Some parts in South China have experienced_this year as they did last year.Atwice as much rainBrain twice as much Cas twice much rainDtwice rain as much4. “Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has cha
36、nged.”now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。Now that I have nothing to do，I can enjoy music for a little while.Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.辨析：because，since，as，for及now that(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterda
37、y.(2)since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。Since you cant answer the question，Ill ask someone else.(3)as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。As there was no answer，we wrote him again.(4)for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for需放在两句之间。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.(北京)D
38、id you return Freds call?I didnt need to_Ill see him tomorrow.AthoughBunless CwhenDbecause_youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.A Now thatBAfter CAlthoughDAs soon as.重点单词聚焦1It cost him more than one_(十亿) dollars to complete the project.2“What happened？” Johns mother asked him in
39、a_(温和的) voice.3Before the Earths protective_(大气层) was formed，there was no life except in the sea.4With the_(引力) of the moon and the sun each day，tides (潮汐) roll in and roll away.5Manmade_(卫星) are used for sending and receiving messages.6Smoking_(乘，增加) the risk of heart attacks and other health probl
40、ems.7Eating too many desserts can be_(有害的) to ones teeth.8Global warming and_(气候) change problems are perhaps the greatest threats to our planet.9According to the_(理论) of relativity (相对论)，nothing can travel faster than light.10Most of the evidence had been destroyed._(因此，于是)，it was almost impossible to prove him guilty.完成句子1_(既然) youve finished your homework，you can go and play football to have a rest.2Do your best in your career，and youll succeed _(迟早)3_(当心) for his temper！Hes not easy to deal with.4Whenever Im upset，she always has a good idea to make me_(感