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1、语法补充:英语时态三时（过去，现在，将来）四态（一般（动作本身），进行（动作正在进行），完成（动作已经完成），完成进行（动作在持续）。）按构成和状态可分四类：一般时(单个V原 / V-ed，可借助于助动词do多形 + V原 构成否定句和疑问句)进行时(借助于助动词be多形+V-ing)将来时(借助于助动词will多形+ V原)完成时（借助于助动词have多形+ V-ed）1.动词时态一：一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常习惯表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。状态特征表示客观的事实或真理。客观真理 表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, l
2、eave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）时刻表在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句用一般现在时表将来。主将从现当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School.2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six ever
3、y morning.4. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time.5. He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.6. One and two _(be, is, are) three.7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. The earth _(move, moves) round the sun.9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.10. I will
4、 go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.11. He wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back.13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.14.
5、 Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget him.时间状语：- sometimes/often/usually/always/now/never/seldom/every morning/once a month-动词第三人称单数形式变化规则：规则动词原形一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音后读/z/；在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。)Playplays leaveleavesswimswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。pass pas
6、ses fixfixesteachteaches wishwishesdodoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/studystudies carrycarriesflyflies在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es2.动词时态二：一般过去时(使用动词的过去式)表示具体的某个过去时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。有具体的表过去的时间状语时使用一般过去时，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。谓语动词使用过去式形式，加ed，分为规
7、则和不规则变化。表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to doing”和“would +动词原形”。15. He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago.16. They _(be, was, were, been) here just now.17. The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday.18. Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.19. When I was a child, I o
8、ften _(play, played) football.20. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).时间状语：-yesterday/yesterday morning/the day before yesterday/last week/last month/last year/three years ago/a few days earlier/the other day(=a few days ago)/in 1999/after three months/ two
9、days later/at that time/ just now/ in the past/ in those days/one day/ once / at one time-动词过去式的变化规则：构成规则动词原形一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读/t/；在浊辅音和元音后读/d/；在/t/,/d/后读/id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikeliked livelivedhopehoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped
10、结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-edstudystudies worryworriescrycries3.动词时态三：现在进行时（am/is/are +v-ing）现在进行时 示说话时正在进行的动作。说话时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行）现阶段同always配合使用时，带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。强烈感情色彩21.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.22.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginn
11、ing) to rain.23.They _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.24.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.时间状语：-now/these days/ at present/ at this time- 提示动词look/ listen-动词V-ing的构成规则：规则原形一般在动词原
12、形末尾加-inglistenlistening spendspendingstaystaying以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-inghavehaving preparepreparingcloseclosing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingsitsitting beginbeginningrunrunning putputting以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-inglielyingdiedying以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ingprefer
13、preferringwaterwatering4.动词时态四：过去进行时(was/were+ v-ing)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。25.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.26.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?27.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang
14、.28.While/ When/ As we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.时间状语: then/ at that time/at this time yesterday/ yesterday evening/last night/ when+时间状语从句)- 5. 动词时态五：一般将来时（will +V原 ，等）一般将来时, 表示从现在看将来的动作或状态，构成: will,shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。纯粹将来be going to +动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要
15、发生的事情。 计划be to +动词原形，表示客观安排 将要必须应该想要注定会 be about to +不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come, go, arrive, leave。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。一般现在时可表示按时间表发生的将来的动作(限start, begin, arrive, end, close, leave-等表示开始或移动意义的词)29. I _ (leave, shall/ will leave) for Jinan tomorrow.30.Who can
16、 tell me what _(will happen, is going to happen) in the future?31.Mr Smith _(will help, shall help) you if you have any problem.32.It_(is going to be, will be) Wednesday the day after tomorrow.33.The musician _( is going to give, are going to give, am going to give) a concert next week.34.Look, ther
17、e _(be, is going to be, are going to be) a rain soon.35.We _( meet, will be to meet, are to meet, am to meet) at the airport this afternoon.36.The concert_(take, is to take, are to take, will be take) place in the music hall tomorrow afternoon.37.The concert _(hold, is to hold, is to be held, will t
18、o be held) in the music hall tomorrow evening.39.We _(start, are going to start, are starting) for Shanghai tonight.40.The train/ concert/ show/film _(start, starts) at six tomorrow.时间状语：-tomorrow/tomorrow morning/the day after tomorrow/(how) soon/ before long/ by and by/ in an hour/ in five minutes
19、 time/ five minutes later/ this afternoon/ next Saturday(week, month, year)/in future/ in the future/ sometime in the future/ some day( one day)-6. 动词时态六：过去将来时（would + 动词原形，或将来时的其它过去构成形式）表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中，时态呼应，经常会用到过去将来时。如I thought it was going to be fun. 41.I told my friend
20、 that I _(should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.42.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain).43.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.44.We _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started to rain.时间状语：-soo
21、n/the next day-that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中-)7. 动词时态七：现在完成时（have /has + 过去分词）表示发生在过去，持续到现在，可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常及since+过去时（间）, for+一段时间连用。表示及现在有联系的过去的动作。45.We_(have watered, has watered) the flowers already. (暗示The flowers dont need watering now.)46.He _(have been , has been ) to
22、 the Summer Palace many times. ( (暗示He is back now.)47.She _(have just gone, has just gone) to the library. (暗示She isnt here now.)48.I _( has lived, have lived) here for more than 20 years. =I _(lived, have lived) here since I moved here 20 years ago. = It is / has been 20 years since I moved here.4
23、9.Great changes _(have taken, has taken) place in China in the past 20 years. = There _( has been, have been ) great changes in China in the past 20 years. 时间状语：（包括现在时间在内的时间状语）1)already/(not)yet/before/recently=lately 2)ever/never/once/twice/many times 3)now/just/today/this morning 4)for/since/so fa
24、r/ by now=up till now 5)in/for/during the past(last)few years-注意：不能和明确的具体的表过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998, ago等8. 动词时态八：过去完成时（had+ 过去分词）（特征：表示“过去的过去”）表示动作在过去某一或动作之前已经完成。表示比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，即过去的过去。作为参照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来（如用by, before+过去时间或者过去的某个事件），有时通过上下文暗示。表示动作仍发生在它们之前。相对的时态,过去的过去50.
25、We _(have read, had read) 500 stories by the end of last term.51. He said that they _(have arrived, had arrived) an hour before.52. After /When he _(has done, had done) his job, he went to bed.53. I waited till he _(has finished, had finished) his work.54. When I got there, he _(has been, had been)
26、away for half an hour.55. I went back to the classroom because I _(have left, had left) my dictionary there.时间状语：before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as+过去高中英语时态练习( ) 1. Where is the morning paper? I _ for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 2. _ a concert next Saturd
27、ay?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 3. If they come, we _ a meeting.A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 5. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and
28、then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 6. There _ a birthday party this Sunday.A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( ) 7. They _ an English evening next Sunday.A. are having B. are going to have
29、C. will having D. is going to have( ) 8. Sorry, I cant open the door, for I the key to it.A. lost B. lose C. had lost D. have lost( ) 9. Its good to see you again, Agnes. This has been our first chance to visit since from Iran.A. you return B. you returned C. you have returned D. returning( ) 10. Di
30、d you expect Frank to come to the party? No, but I had hoped.A. him coming B. him to come C. that he comes D. that he would come( ) 11. Bob must be very wealthy. Yes, he more in one day than I do in a week.A. has been earned B. had earned C. earns D. has earned( )12. Come on in, Peter, I want show y
31、ou something. Oh, how nice of you! I you to bring me a gift.A. didnt think, were going B. hadnt thought, were goingC. never think, are going D. never thought, were going( ) 13.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been workingD. had
32、worked( ) 14. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel( ) 15. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ” A. just thought B. have just been t
33、hinking C. was just thinking D. have just thought( )17. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left; comes B had left; would come C had left; came D left; had come( )18. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ;
34、studied D. are ; studying ( ) 19. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. A.will see B. have seen C. saw D. see ( ) 20. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more . A. hasnt livedB. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live( ) 22.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was ver
35、y nervous . She _ before .A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flying( ) 23.-Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Dont forget it !-OK. I _ . A. wont B. dont C. will D. do( )24. Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_.A. left about two hours before B. would leave a
36、bout two hours beforeC. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before( )25. When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B.have already had C.have had D. had already had( )28. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.A. are writing B. will writeC. has w
37、ritten D. write( )29 .- I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked aboutC. have talked to D. was talking to( )30. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play( )31. I first met
38、 Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has workedC. was working D. has been working( )32. - What _ when I phoned you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing;
39、had just finished( )33. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.A.save B.are saving C.have saved D.were saving( )34. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better.A.gets B.got C.has got D.is getting( )35. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee
40、.A. prefer B. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring( )37. - Remember the first time we met, Jim? - Of course I do. You _ in the library. A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read( )41. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his expe
41、rience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come( )42.- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train. A. didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; consider C. havent decided; am considering D. hadnt decided; have considere
42、d( )43. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour? - Of course. What is it? - I _ if you could take me to the station. A. would wonder B. did wonder C. was wondering D. had wondered( )44. - Got your driving license? - No. I _ too busy to have enough practice, so I didnt take the driving test last w
43、eek. Im going to next week.A. was B. have been C. am D. had been( )46. - Whos the man over there?- Its Jack.- Oh? _ in Italy.A. I think hes B. Ive thought hes beenC. I thought he was D. Id thought hed been( )47. - I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you werent in. - I _ regular exercises at the club. A. did B. was doing C. had done D. have been doing( )48. - Each of the students, working hard at th