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1、词汇(Vocabulary)Lesson 10sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的orator ( n.) :a ski
2、lled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团erupt ( v.) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一
3、致；对立fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信圣经所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or sta
4、te(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会) prohibit ( v.) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性indict ( v.) :accuse；charge with the commission of
5、 a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告， 控诉；指控，告发，对起诉prosecute (v.) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对起诉festoon ( v.) :adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩
6、于sprout (v.) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者) exhort ( v.) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc.规劝，劝告，劝戒infidel (
7、n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的paunchy ( adj. ) :derog. or humor(esp. of a man)having a fat stomach贬或幽(尤指男性)大腹便便的attorney ( n.) :.any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another
8、(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人shrewd ( adj.) :keenwitted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc.)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等) steep ( v.) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or fam
9、iliar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通) agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者growl (v.) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争论；争吵dra
10、wl ( v.) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把contaminate ( v
11、.) :make impure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warmblooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物snort ( v.) :wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞denounce (
12、 v.) :condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥sonorous ( adj. ) :having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的reconcile ( adj. ) :settle(a quarrel，etc.)or compose(a difference，etc.)调解；调和；使一致；使相符divine ( adj. ) :given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的fervour ( n.) :great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；
13、passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚arena ( n.) :any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所；活动场所prairie ( n.) :a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原scorch (v.) :char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评) p
14、op ( v.) :colloq.arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly口突然发生，突然出现，突然来到duel ( n.) :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争hush ( n.) :absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，
15、闭会；延期swarm (v.) :be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常及with连用) hawker ( n.) :a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩entrepreneur ( n.) :Fr.a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking.assuming the risk for the sake of the profit法语企业家ape ( n.) :any of a family(P
16、ongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿ponder ( v.) :weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考虑cower ( v.) :shrink and tremble，as from someones anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦sulphurous ( adj.) :violently emotional；heated；f
17、iery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的dispatch ( n.) :a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc.，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯yokel ( n.) :a contemptuous terma person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin贬乡巴佬，土包子perch ( v.) :alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇
18、；坐在高处gawk ( v.) :stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视wily ( adj.) :full of wiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的repel ( v.) :drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的Ge
19、nesis ( n.) :the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe创世纪(圣经旧约的首卷) snigger ( n.) :a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑twirl (v.) :rotate rapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动serpent ( n.) :a snake，esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇) livid ( adj.) :grayishblue；pale；l
20、eadcolored青灰色的；铅色的slur ( n.) :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someones reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc.诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏的名誉gavel ( n.) :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议
21、事槌quell ( v. ) :crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息hubbub ( n.) :a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动forlorn (adj.): abandoned or deserted被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的forlornly adv. verdict ( n.): the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial裁定；判
22、决 conviction ( n.): a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪 短语 (Expressions)adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard or belief)坚持，忠于 例： She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。take on : begin to have呈现 例： Her voice took on a troubled
23、tone.她的声音里有些不安。under way: begin，start(开始)进行，在前进中。例： We have several plans under way.我们已将几项计划付诸实施。Answer to Excercises in the TextI. Omitted.II.1) We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.2) The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently. 3) The fun
24、damentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible. 4) that all life had developed gradually from a common original organism5) Lets accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the law or not.6) People from the nearby mountains, mos
25、tly fundamentalists, came to support Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalists.7) As my father complained angrily, That s no jury at all.8) He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.9
26、) People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.10) and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his words showing no fear as if they were prayers, interrupting frequently with Amen. Omitted.1) legal terms:
27、 court, defence, criminal lawyer, leading councel for the prosecution, state legislature, trial, testify, a jury trial, case, indict, the U. S. Supreme Court, defend, presiding judge, attorney-general, open the session, juror, legality, witness, evidence, accuse, adjourn, verdict, jurymen, guilty, c
28、onviction2) religious terms: fundamentalists , modernists, the Old Testament, fundamentalism, the Bible, agnostic, Catholic, Jew, infidel, God, Amen, Genesis1) Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach science, soon the magazines, books and newspapers will not be allowed to express new
29、ideas.2) It is doubtful whether man (rather the fundamentalist) has reasoning power, Darrow said in a contemptuous way.3) The Christian believes that God in heaven made human being but the evolutionist thinks human beings come from lowly animals. The implication is there is nothing lofty, noble abou
30、t human beings in the eyes of the evolutionist.4) This is a pun, i.e. playing on words. This sentence may have two different interpretations, depending on how you read it. If you pause before the dash, it means Darwin, the naturalist is correct. If you read out the whole sentence, it means Darwin th
31、e shop owner is directly inside.5) Even the ape shuddered when it realized that it might share the same ancestry with human beings (especially the fundamentalists).6) Malone considered the defeat a blessing in disguise, although Scopes was found guilty, they had succeeded in drawing the attention of
32、 the people all over the United States to this issue.7) The statement conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry.8) This shows that the jurors were ignorant, prejudiced and narrow minded. There couldnt be a fair and impartial trial.9) Bryan
33、s role is self-appointed. There is no need for Bryan to act as the spokesman. If a thing is true it does not need anyone, least of all Bryan, to defend it.10) Bryan was dead against knowledge, Science and new ideas, so it was ironical to name a university after him because the function of a universi
34、ty was to spread knowl-edge, science and new ideas.1) snowball: metaphor; grow or develop rapidly2) circus atmosphere: metaphor; riotous holiday spirit3) sprout: metaphor; grow or spring up quickly4) spar: metaphor; fight with words, engage in argument5) thunder: metaphor; say loudly and angrily6) l
35、ike a prairie fire: simile; spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles7) scorch : metaphor wither, thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory: metaphor; the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation8) a duel: metaphor; a life and death struggle9) a storm of applause：metaphor；loud applause
36、 by many people10) the oratorical duel：metaphor；the speech contest11) spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which one believes cannot fail12) oratorical storm，blew up：metaphors；the great debate that took place like a fresh wind：simile；brought new and healthy changes.
37、The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United States1) hyperbole 2) transferred epithet 3) synecdoche 4) ridicule 5) sarcasm 6) irony7) sarcasm 8) antith
38、esis 9) hyperbole 10) ridicule, simile 11) ridicule 12) oxy-moran1) 初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。2) 立法部门制订法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。3) 三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。4) 他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进行公审。5) 在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在圣经上。6) 自助者，上帝助之。7) 不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。8) Barristers是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。9) 作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就
39、要为被告辩护。1) At that time metaphysics was rampant.2) 2)I did not anticipate that 1 would get involved in this dispute3) You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.4) The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years imprisonment.5) Racial discr
40、imination still exists in various forms in the United States though racial segregation is against the law.6) 6)I think we can reconcile the two views.7) He seemed reconciled to the idea.8) The spectators hearts went out to the defendant.9) The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Na
41、zi Germany was at hand.10) He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five.11) The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract.X.criminal, guilt, defendant, legal, defence, afford, at, prison, prepared|trial, cross-examine, prosecution, witnesses, attend, com
42、pelled, court, counsel, right |jury, evidence, accused, verdict, innocence, unammous, majority|appeal, tried, offenceXI. Omitted.XII. Omitted.Lesson Nineidyllic ( adj. ) :pastoral or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的 cynical ( adj.) :believing that people are notivated in all th
43、eir actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of peoples motives and actions，or the value of living玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的 obsess (v.) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷) frailty ( n.) :the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp. moral wea
44、kness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱) tramp ( n.) :the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike步行；徒步旅行 prospector ( n.) :a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc.(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者 starry-eyed ( adj.) :with the eyes sparkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc.过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的 acid-tongued ( adj.) :
45、sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的 cynic ( n.) :a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人 navigable ( n.) :wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels可行船的；可通航的；可航行的attest ( n.) :serve as proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为的证据，为作证；论证；表明 artery ( n.) :a main road or channel
46、干线，干道，大路；干渠 keelboat ( n.) :a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc.(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船 flatboat ( n.) :a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on rivers平底船 molasses ( n.) :a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced duringhe
47、refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc.糖蜜，糖浆 cub ( n.) :an inexperienced，awkward youth阅历浅的年轻人 cosmos ( n.) :the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙 feud ( n.) :a bitter，longcontinued，and deadly quarrel，esp. between clans of families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和 lynch (v.) :Am.murder
48、(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging美私刑处死 phonographic ( adj.) :Am.of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb. 美留声机的，唱机的 teem ( v.) :be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现 flotsam ( n.) :transient，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人 hustler ( n.) :Am.slanga prostitute美俚妓女 thug ( n.) :a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc.恶棍；暴徒；强盗 motley ( adj. ) :having or composed of many different or clashing e