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1、词汇(Vocabulary)Lesson 10 sweltering(adj.):that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry 热得发昏的；酷热counsel(n.):a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人silver-tongued(adj.):eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的orator(n.):a skilled，eloqu
2、ent public speaker雄辩家jury(n.):a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团erupt(v.):burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出clash(n.):a sharp disagreement；conflict 抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立fundamentalism
3、(n.):religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals 原教旨主义(相信圣经所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)legislature(n.):a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp.the lawmaking bo
4、dy of a state，corresponding to the U.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)prohibit(v.):refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order 禁止；不准legality(n.):quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性indict(v.):accuse；charge with the commission of a cime;esp.make formal accusatio
5、n against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对 起诉prosecute(v.):institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对起诉festoon(v.):adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于sprout(v.):grow or develop rapidly 迅速生长
6、，迅速发展rickety(adj.):1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的evangelist(n.):anyone who evangelizes(esp.a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)exhort(v.):urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc.规劝，劝告，劝戒infidel(n.):a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者
7、florid(adj.):flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的paunchy(adj.):derog.or humor(esp.of a man)having a fat stomach 贬或幽(尤指男性)大腹便便的attorney(n.):.any person legally empowered to act as agent for.or in behalf of，another(esp.a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人shrewd(adj.):keen witted，clever，astut
8、e or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的magnetic(adj.):vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc.)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 27 页 -steep(v.):immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp.used as steeped 锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作 steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通
9、)agnostic(n.):a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者growl(v.):complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说spar(v.):wrangle or dispute争论；争吵drawl(v.):speak slowly，prolonging the vowels 慢慢吞吞地说big
10、otry(n.):the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见rampant(adj.):spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的faggot(n.):a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp.for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把contaminate(v.):make impure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害mammal(n.):any of a l
11、arge class of warm blooded.usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands 哺乳动物snort(v.):wave，shake.or exhibit in a menacing,challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞denounce(v.):condemn strongly as evil 谴责，指责，痛斥sonorous(adj.):having a powerful，impre
12、ssive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的reconcile(adj.):settle(a quarrel，etc.)or compose(a difference，etc.)调解；调和；使一致；使相符divine(adj.):given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的fervour(n.):great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚arena(n.):any sphere of struggle or conflict 竞争场所；活动场所prairie(n.):a large
13、 area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原scorch(v.):char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth.by superficial burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评)pop(v.):colloq.arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly 口突然发生，突然出现，突然来到duel(n.):any contest or encounter s
14、uggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争hush(n.):absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默adjourn(v.):close a session or meeting for the day or for a time 休会，闭会；延期swarm(v.):be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与 with 连用)hawker(n.):a person who hawks goods in the stre
15、et；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩entrepreneur(n.):Fr.a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking.assuming the risk for the sake of the profit 法语企业家ape(n.):any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿ponder(v.):weigh mentally；think de
16、eply about；consider carefully 默想；深思；考虑名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 27 页 -cower(v.):shrink and tremble，as from someone s anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦sulphurous(adj.):violently emotional；heated；fiery 异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的dispatch(n.):a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc.，as by a
17、 special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯yokel(n.):a contemptuous terma person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin贬乡巴佬，土包子perch(v.):alight or rest on or as on a perch 栖息；停歇；坐在高处gawk(v.):stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视wily(adj.):full of wiles；crafty；sly
18、狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的repel(v.):drive or force back；hold or ward off 击退；抵挡住fervent(adj.):having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的Genesis(n.):the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe创世纪(圣经 旧约的首卷)snigger
19、(n.):a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh 窃笑；暗笑twirl(v.):rotate rapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动serpent(n.):a snake，esp.a large or poisonous one 蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)livid(adj.):grayishblue；pale；leadcolored 青灰色的；铅色的slur(n.):any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someones reputation；aspersion，reproach，st
20、igma，etc.诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏的名誉gavel(n.):a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌quell(v.):crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息hubbub(n.):a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult 吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动forlo
21、rn(adj.):abandoned or deserted 被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的forlornly adv.verdict(n.):the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial 裁定；判决conviction(n.):a convicting 0r being convicted 证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪短语(Expressions)adhere to:continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard o
22、r belief)坚持，忠于例：She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career.她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。take on:begin to have呈现例：Her voice took on a troubled tone.她的声音里有些不安。under way:begin，start(开始)进行，在前进中。例：We have several plans under way.我们已将几项计划付诸实施。Answer to Excercises in the Text 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理
23、-第 3 页，共 27 页 -I.Omitted.II.1)We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.2)The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.3)The fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible.4)that all life had developed gradually
24、 from a common original organism 5)Let s accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the law or not.6)People from the nearby mountains,mostly fundamentalists,came to support Bryan against those professors,scientists,and lawyers who came from the northern big c
25、ities and were not fundamentalists.7)As my father complained angrily,That s no jury at all.8)He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.9)People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ance
26、stry.10)and the crowd,who were mainly fundamentalists,took his words showing no fear as if they were prayers,interrupting frequently with Amen.Omitted.1)legal terms:court,defence,criminal lawyer,leading councel for the prosecution,state legislature,trial,testify,a jury trial,case,indict,the U.S.Supr
27、eme Court,defend,presiding judge,attorney-general,open the session,juror,legality,witness,evidence,accuse,adjourn,verdict,jurymen,guilty,conviction 2)religious terms:fundamentalists,modernists,the Old Testament,fundamentalism,the Bible,agnostic,Catholic,Jew,infidel,God,Amen,Genesis.1)Today the teach
28、ers are put on trial because they teach science,soon the magazines,books and newspapers will not be allowed to express new ideas.2)It is doubtful whether man(rather the fundamentalist)has reasoning power,Darrow said in a contemptuous way.3)The Christian believes that God in heaven made human being b
29、ut the evolutionist thinks human beings come from lowly animals.The implication is there is nothing lofty,noble about human beings in the eyes of the evolutionist.4)This is a pun,i.e.playing on words.This sentence may have two different interpretations,depending on how you read it.If you pause befor
30、e the dash,it means Darwin,the naturalist is correct.If you read out the whole sentence,it means Darwin the shop owner is directly inside.5)Even the ape shuddered when it realized that it might share the same ancestry with human beings(especially the fundamentalists).名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 2
31、7 页 -6)Malone considered the defeat a blessing in disguise,although Scopes was found guilty,they had succeeded in drawing the attention of the people all over the United States to this issue.7)The statement conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness an
32、d bigotry.8)This shows that the jurors were ignorant,prejudiced and narrow minded.There couldn t be a fair and impartial trial.9)Bryans role is self-appointed.There is no need for Bryan to act as the spokesman.If a thing is true it does not need anyone,least of all Bryan,to defend it.10)Bryan was de
33、ad against knowledge,Science and new ideas,so it was ironical to name a university after him because the function of a university was to spread knowl-edge,science and new ideas.1)snowball:metaphor;grow or develop rapidly 2)circus atmosphere:metaphor;riotous holiday spirit 3)sprout:metaphor;grow or s
34、pring up quickly 4)spar:metaphor;fight with words,engage in argument 5)thunder:metaphor;say loudly and angrily 6)like a prairie fire:simile;spreading quickly,rapidly and overcoming all obstacles 7)scorch:metaphor wither,thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory:metaphor;the fiery speech,the causti
35、c condemnation 8)a duel:metaphor;a life and death struggle 9)a storm of applause：metaphor；loud applause by many people 10)the oratorical duel：metaphor；the speech contest 11)spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which one believes cannot fail 12)oratorical storm，blew
36、up：metaphors；the great debate that took place like a fresh wind：simile；brought new and healthy changes.The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United Stat
37、es.1)hyperbole 2)transferred epithet 3)synecdoche 4)ridicule 5)sarcasm 6)irony 7)sarcasm 8)antithesis 9)hyperbole 10)ridicule,simile 11)ridicule 12)oxy-moran.1)初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。2)立法部门制订法律，行政部门执行法律，司法部门解释法律。3)三个证人出庭作证，证明他无罪。4)他们呼吁速由一个公正的陪审团进行公审。5)在美国法院，证人宣誓照实直说时，要把一只手放在圣经上。6)自助者，上帝助之。名师资料总结-精品
38、资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 27 页 -7)不管什么种族、民族和宗教信仰，在法律面前，法官应一视同仁。8)Barristers是在法庭上进行控告或辩护的律师。9)作为原告辩护律师，他就要尽力证明被告有罪。作为被告辩护律师，他就要为被告辩护。.1)At that time metaphysics was rampant.2)2)I did not anticipate that 1 would get involved in this dispute 3)You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn some
39、thing.4)The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years imprisonment.5)Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though racial segregation is against the law.6)6)I think we can reconcile the two views.7)He seemed reconciled to the ide
40、a.8)The spectators hearts went out to the defendant.9)The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at hand.10)He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five.11)The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract.X.criminal,guilt,def
41、endant,legal,defence,afford,at,prison,prepared|trial,cross-examine,prosecution,witnesses,attend,compelled,court,counsel,right|jury,evidence,accused,verdict,innocence,unammous,majority|appeal,tried,offence XI.Omitted.XII.Omitted.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 27 页 -Lesson Nine idyllic(adj.):pastoral
42、or picturesque；pleasing and simple 田园诗的；田园风光的；生动逼真的；质朴宜人的cynical(adj.):believing that people are notivated in all their actions only by selfishness；denying the sincerity of peoples motives and actions，or the value of living 玩世不恭的；愤世嫉俗的obsess(v.):haunt or trouble in mind，esp.to an abnormal degree；pre
43、occupy greatly使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常、着迷)frailty(n.):the quality or condition of being frail；weakness(esp.moral weakness)脆弱性；虚弱性(尤指意志薄弱)tramp(n.):the act of tramping；a journey on foot；hike 步行；徒步旅行prospector(n.):a person who prospects for valuable ores，oil，etc.(矿藏等的)勘探者；探矿者starry-eyed(adj.):with the eyes sp
44、arkling in a glow of wonder，romance，visionary dreams，etc.过于理想的；不切实际的；盲目乐观的acid-tongued(adj.):sharp，sarcastic in speech说话尖刻的cynic(n.):a cynical person玩世不恭的人；好挖苦人的人；愤世嫉俗的人navigable(n.):wide and deep enough，or free enough from obstructions，to be traveled on by vessels 可行船的；可通航的；可航行的attest(n.):serve as
45、proof of；demonstrate；make clear作为的证据，为 作证；论证；表明artery(n.):a main road or channel干线，干道，大路；干渠keelboat(n.):a large，shallow freight boat with a keel，formerly used on the Mississippi，Missouri，etc.(旧时密西西比河、密苏西河等用的)龙骨船flatboat(n.):a boat with a flat bottom，for carrying freight in shallow waters or on river
46、s 平底船molasses(n.):a thick，usually dark brown syrup produced duringhe refining of sugar，or from sorghum，etc.糖蜜，糖浆cub(n.):an inexperienced，awkward youth 阅历浅的年轻人cosmos(n.):the universe considered as a harmonious and orderly system宇宙feud(n.):a bitter，longcontinued，and deadly quarrel，esp.between clans of
47、 families(尤指部落或家族间的)世仇，累世宿仇，夙怨，长期不和lynch(v.):Am.murder(an accused person)by mob action and without lawful trial，as by hanging美私刑处死phonographic(adj.):Am.of a phonograph or the sounds made by sb.美留声机的，唱机的teem(v.):be full，as though ready to bring forth young；abound；swarm充满；富于；大量地出现；涌现flotsam(n.):transi
48、ent，unemployed people；vagrants流离失所者，流浪者，游民；失业者；被毁掉的人hustler(n.):Am.slanga prostitute美俚妓女thug(n.):a rough，brutal hoodlum，gangster，robber，etc.恶棍；暴徒；强盗motley(adj.):having or composed of many different or clashing elements；heterogeneous 混乱的；杂乱的名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 27 页 -succumb(v.):give way(to
49、)；yield；submit die 屈服，屈从(常与 to 连用)死epidemic(n.):the rapid，widespread occurrence of a fad，fashion，etc.(风尚、风气、爱好等的)一时流行，风行flirt(v.):trifle or toy(with)玩弄，戏耍；做着玩；不认真地对待，不认真地考虑(常与 with 连用)colossal(adj.):1ike a colossus in size；huge；gigantic；enormous巨大的，庞大的rebuff(v.):check or repulse挫败；阻止broke(adj.):coll
50、oq.having little or no money；bankrupt口无钱的，身无分文的；破了产的hone(v.):sharpen with or as with a hone 把 放在磨石上磨scathing(adj.):searing；withering；injurious；harsh or caustic严厉的，尖刻的sluggish(adj.):slow or slowmoving；not active；dull(行动)缓慢的；迟钝的sloth(n.):a lazy person懒汉astound(v.):bewilder with sudden surprise；astonis