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1、1390国开电大本科人文英语4期末纸质考试（第三大题阅读选择题）题库（排序版）说明:更新至2021年7月试题，根据试题首字母音序查找试题及答案。短文ALTERNATIVE legal billing-win strategies内部资料Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services.About 95 percent of lawyers still perform their legal work on an hourly basis.If you want something better than the ol
2、d bill by the hour deal,try presenting one of these billing structures.PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUESIf your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks,consider a flat-fee approach.Once you get a project billing estimate,don*t hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services with other
3、 law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company.RESUETS-ORIENTED OPTIONSPay-according-to-success is one choice.lt considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel.Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or shared
4、 encouragement,making the law firm your business partner,not just representation.MULTI-LAYERED TASKSIf youre shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties,consider using blended hourly fees.The firm calculates in advance an average rate based on the anticipated ti
5、me each lawyer spends on the matter.This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partners hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate.Legal InsuranceThe contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing to eye the clo
6、ck.This approach works like a legal insurance policy.lt encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation,non-crisis matters,and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action. 1.is the best way to be charged for legal services.答案B.Hourly billing.A flat-fee a
7、pproach.答案A.is suitable for repetitive tasks.make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.答案C.Contingency fees.Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using.答案A.blended hourly fees.You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose.答案B.the old bil
8、l by the hour deal短文Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life,a new study published Tuesday suggests.The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil.The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30
9、s,stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula（配方奶粉）.内部资料Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits,but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits,says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil,who led the study being published in The
10、 Lancet Global Health.Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a babys health.This is especially true in poor countries,where water can be contaminated.For instances baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one whos bre
11、ast-fed.In the U.S.,some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a babys IQ（智商）by a few points.But a recent study with siblings（兄弟 姐妹）found little advantage to breast-feeding.Horta says these previous studies didnt follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term ef
12、fects.So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth.They are now in their 30s.First,the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests.Those who were breast-fed for 12 Dr.Smith:Yeah,you are right.For example,in the United States,although skin co
13、lor is linked to other forms of inequality,it is evident in education.Liu Hui:Educational inequality exists in China,too.For example,the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces.How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality?Dr.SmithJfs impossible to answer s
14、uch a big question in few words.Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays.There have been numerous attempts at reforms and.The researchers link educational inequality to.A.socioeconomic,racial and educational reasonsB.racial,econ
15、omic and geographic reasonsC.racial,socioeconomic and geographic reasons答案C21 . Ace or ding to the passage,.A.in the United States,skin color is linked to other forms of inequality,but not in educationB.in the United States,skin color is only linked to the form of inequality in educationC.in the Uni
16、ted States,skin color is linked to the inequality in education答案C22 .Educational inequality exists in.A.China onlyB.many countriesC.all the countries答案C23 .What does the underlined worderadicatemean in the passage?A.get rid ofB.cope withC.carryout答案A24 .Whafs the attitude of Dr.Smith to the future o
17、f education equality?A.reservedB.positiveC.pessimistic答案B短文Liu Hui interviews Dr.Smith about the issue of educational inequality.内部资料Liu Hui:Thank you,Dr.Smith,for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly.First,what do you mean by educational inequality?Dr. S mi th: Educational inequalit
18、y is the disparity that certain students experience in their education as compared to other students.But the meaning of it varies in different social contexts.Liu Hui:Why does it exist in modern society?Dr.Smith:Well,researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic,racial and geographic reas
19、ons.Liu Hui:So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different countries.Dr.Smith:Yeah,you are right.For example,in the United States,although skin color is linked to other forms of inequality,it is evident in education.Liu Hui Educational inequality exists in Ch
20、ina,too.For example,the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces.How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality?Dr.Smith:Its impossible to answer such a big question in few words.Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social
21、 issues in every nation nowadays.There have been numerous attempts at reforms and.Well,researchers link educational inequality to.答案C.racial,socioeconomic and geographic reasons.According to the passage,.答案C.in the United States,skin color is linked to the inequality in education.Educational inequal
22、ity exists in.答案Call the countries.What does the word eradicate mean in the passage?答案A.get rid of.Whats the attitude of Dr.Smith to the future of education equality?短文Maggie Walker答案B.positivewas born in 1867 in Richmond,Virginia.Her mother was once a slave in a richwomans house.When Maggie was ver
23、y young,a thief killed her father.Her family was impoverished,so Maggiefs mother started doing laundry in her home.Maggie had to help her.She washed clothes every day,but she continued to go to school.She was a very good student,especially in math.内部资料After Maggie graduated from high school,she got
24、a job as a teacher.In 1886,she married Armistead Walker.They had two sons and Maggie stayed home to care for them.She also volunteered to help a social organization called the Order of St.Luke.This organization helped African Americans take care of the sick and bury the dead.Maggie Walker loved the
25、work of the organization.The organization believed that African Americans should take care of each other.Over the years,Maggie Walker had more and more responsibilities with the organization.In 1895,she suggested that St.Luke begin a program for young people.This program became very popular with sch
26、oolchildren.In 1899,Walk became Grand Secretary Treasurer of the St.Luke organization.However,because she was a woman,she received less than half the salary of the man who had the job before her.The Order of St.Luke had a lot of financial difficulties when Walker took over.lt had a lot of unpaid bil
27、ls and only $31,61 in the bank.But soon Maggie Walker changed all of that.Her idea was to get new members to join the Organization.In just a few years,it grew from 3,400 members to 50,000 members.The organization bought a $100,000 office building and increased its staff to 55.Now Walker was ready fo
28、r her next big step.1 -Maggies father died.答案C.when she was very young.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?答 案B.Maggie was once a slave.2 .Which of the following is TRUE?答案A.Maggie loved to help other African Americans.3 .The word impoverished in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to.答案C.poor.After Pa
29、ragraph 4,the author will probably talk about Maggies.答案B.next project短文People say that money can not buy happiness.This was true for Howard Hughes.He was one of the richest and most powerful men of his time.He had everything:good look,success,power,and a lot of money.But he didn*t have love or frie
30、ndship because he couldnt buy them.All his life he used his money to control everything and everyone around him.In the end,he lost control of everything,even himself.2021 年 1 月试题 Howard Hughes was born in 1905 in Houston,Texas.His father started the Hughes Tool Company.He was a workaholicC：作狂）and ma
31、de a lot of money.He bought everything he wanted.He even gave money to schools so Howard could get into them.From his father,Howard learned to be a successful but merciless businessman.Hughess mother,Allene also had a big influence on his life.Howard washer only child.She protected him and gave him
32、everything.Unfortunately Allene had mental problems.She was afraid of germs and diseases.She was obsessed with Howards health,and he became obsessed with it too.Allene died when Howard was 16 years old.Two years later his father died.Hughes inherited the Hughes Tool Company.Then he married Ella Rice
33、.He and Ella moved to Los Angeles,Califomia.lt was there that Howard Hughes began to become a legend（传奇人物）.Hughes began to invest his money in movies.He became an important producer soon after he moved to California.He worked hard,but he also played hard.He became obsessed with power and control Whe
34、n he couldnt get something legally,he gave money politicians and businessmen so they would help him.He owned a lot of businessesjncluding airplane companies,a movie studio（制片厂）,Las Vegas hotels,gold and silver mines,and radio and television stations.Once he bought a television studio so he could wat
35、ch movies all night.He also bought a hotel because he wanted to stay in his favorite room for one weekend.21. According to the passage,Howard Hughes was not.A.good-lookingB. wealthyC.friendly答案C22 .Which of the following about Hughes* father is NOT TRUE?A.He started the Hughes Tool Company.B.He dran
36、k alcohol a lot.C.He worked hard.答案B. Ho ward Hughes parents died.A.when he was 16 years oldB.before he was 19 years oldC.after he got married答案B24.The word obsessed in Paragraph 2 probably means.A.troubledB.reducedC.related答案A25.From the passage,we learn what Mr.Hughes lacked in his life was.A.educ
37、ationB.loveC.money答案B短文Respondent：Binhai Peopled Hospital内部资料Address:No 7,Binhai Road,Binhai CityThe following answer is given to Zhang Huas claim for personal-injury compensation by the Binhai Peoples Hospital:l.The respondent does not have a direct contractual relationship with Zhang Hua.Zhang Hua
38、 had an oral contract to remove the high-voltage meter cabinet with Binhai No.2 Construction Installation Company on June 10,2008.He was assigned by Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company and therefore has no direct contractual relationship with the respondent.2.Binhai No.2 Construction a
39、nd Installation Company should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua for the following reasons.Firstly,according to PRC laws and relevant judicial interpretations,Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company shall be responsible for any injury employees suffered in the contract performance.
40、Secondly,Zhang Hua seriously violated the operational procedure in removing the high-voltage meter cabinet and failed to pay due attention thereto.3.The respondent shall not be responsible for compensating the injuries of Zhang Hua.According to the General Principles of the Civil Law,any person enga
41、ged in highly dangerous operations shall be responsible for compensation.In this case,the respondent entered into a contract with Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company,whereby the source of high danger shifted to Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company.Binhai No.2 Construction
42、and Installation Company became the subject of the dangerous operation,and therefore any damages caused in the contract performance by Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company have no connection with the respondent.Therefore,Binhai Peoples Hospital is not liable for compensating Zhang Hua.W
43、e hereby request the court to reject the plaintiffs action according to law.To:Binhai City Intermediate Peoples CourtRespondent:Binhai Peoples CourtDate:May 10th,2011.According to the plaintiff,should be responsible for compensating Zhang Hua.答案A.Binhai Peoples Hospital.Zhang Hua had an oral contrac
44、t with.答案B.Binhai No.2 Construction and Installation Company.The respondent stated reasons to reject Zhang Huas claim.答案C.3.Zhang Hua himself bear some responsibilities.答案A.should5.5.was quoted by the respondent.答案C.General Principles of the Civil Law短文Since its founding in 1948,McDonalds has grown
45、from a family burger（汉堡包）stand to a global fast-food chain.with more than 30,000 locations in 118 countries.内部资料With 58 million daily customers worldwide,McDonalds is now so ubiquitous around the globe that The Economist publishes a global ranking of currencies* purchasing power based on the prices
46、charged at the local McDonalds,called the Big Mac Index（巨无霸指数）.Thats not to say that every nation carries the same menu items:choices vary widely depending on location.Some Asian locations serve fried shrimp in a Big Mac roll,while McDonalds in India doesnt serve beef at all,relying instead on burge
47、rs made from vegetables,rice and beans.Not everyone in the world has been happy to greet Ronald McDonald when he moves to town.Many see McDonalds as a symbol of American economic and cultural chauvinism（沙文主义）,and European nations in particular have viewed American-style fast food as an insult to the
48、ir national food.A French farmer,Jose Bove,became something of a national hero in 1999 after he and a group of people destroyed a McDonald*s under construction to protest globalization and bad food.The next year,a bomb exploded in a French McDonalds,killing a 27-year-old employee.No one claimed responsibility.But regardless of whether you like their food or their policies,McDonalds is still widely seen as one of the true pioneers of peaceful globalization.1 .According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?答案B.McDonalds has opened its restaurants