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1、学习好资料欢迎下载高中英语语法总结大全之动词不定式不定式作宾语1)动词+不定式afford aim apear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例：The dr
2、iver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,help intend like,love,need prefer,prepare,promise,want,wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你
3、年使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。3)动词+疑问词+to decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意
4、买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。不定式作补语1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do)Advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess imagine inform instruct invite judge like order permit 名师资料总结-精品资
5、料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。Find 的特殊用法：Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.典型例题:The next morn
6、ing she found the man _ in bed，dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying 答案：A.find 的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2)to+be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see,show,suppose,take(以为),understand We consider Tom to be one of the best st
7、udents in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好学生之一。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A.to invent B.Inventing C.to have invented D.having invented 答案：A.由 consider to do sth.排除 B、D。.此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而 C 为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选 C。3)to be+形容词Seem,appear,be said,be su
8、pposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean The book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载4)there be+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstand We didnt expect there to be so ma
9、ny people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。注意:有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。不定式主语1）Its easy(for me)to do that.我做这事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the f
10、irst,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough Its so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。2)Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It see
11、med selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1)其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2)不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to 的句型Its for sb/Its of sb 1）for sb.常 用 于 表 示 事 物 的 特 征 特 点,表 示 客 观 形 式 的 形 容 词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：Its very hard for him to s
12、tudy two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2）of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载不定式作表语不定式可放在be 动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.不定式作定
13、语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.So he made some candles to give light.不定式作状语1）目的状语To only to,in order to,so as to,so(such)as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make
14、 you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因Im glad to see you.典型例题The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on 答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于形容词+动词不定式 结构的末尾。用作介词的to to 有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词,to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to
15、+名词/动名词：admit to 承认，confess to 承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载turn to 开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意省 to 的动词不定式1）情态动词(除 ought 外，ought to)：2）使役动词let,have,make：3）感官动词see,watch,look a
16、t,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作宾补，省略 to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4）would rather，had better：5）Why /why not：6）help 可带 to，也可不带to,help sb(to)do sth：7）but 和 except：but 前是动词 d
17、o 时，后面出现的动词用不带to 的动词不定式。8）由 and,or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：9）通常在 discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand 等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed(to be)nice.他应该是个好人。举例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.He wants to do nothing but go out.比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe an
18、ything but to take the medicine.典型例题1)-I usually go there by train.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going 答案：D.why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。2）Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learnB.to learn
19、C.learnedD.learning 答案：B.make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。动词不定式的否定式Tell him not to shut the windowShe pretended not to see me when I passed by.我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题1）Tell him _ the window.A.to shut notB.not to shutC.to not shut D.not shut 答案：B。tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.不定式特殊句型too
20、to 1）too to太以至于 He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。-Can I help you?需要我帮忙吗?-Well,Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2)如在 too 前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3)当 too 前面有 only,all,but 时，意
21、思是：非常 等于 very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 6 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。不定式特殊句型so as to 1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not
22、 to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2)so kind as to-劳驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾，现在几点了。不定式的时态和语态主动语态和被动语态一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing 1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see
23、you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 7 页，共 8 页 -学习好资料欢迎下载4)完成进行时：She is known to have been wreaking o
24、n the problem for many years.动名词与不定式1）动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2）接不定式或动名词，意义相同。3）动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：1 stop to do stop doing 2 forget to do forget doing 3 remember to do remember doing 4 regret to do regret doing 5 cease to do cease doing 6 try to do try doing 7 go on to do go on doing 8 afraid to do afraid doing 9 interested to do interested doing 10 mean to do mean doing 11 begin/start to do begin/start doing 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 8 页，共 8 页 -